【摘要】：“物質(zhì)的量”是宏觀與微觀之間連接的橋梁,是高中化學(xué)計(jì)算的核心。學(xué)生對(duì)“物質(zhì)的量”相關(guān)知識(shí)體系的學(xué)習(xí)影響著整個(gè)高中化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),其相關(guān)知識(shí)體系主要由物質(zhì)的量、摩爾質(zhì)量、阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)、微粒數(shù)、物質(zhì)的量濃度、氣體摩爾體積等概念組成。本論文針對(duì)目前高中化學(xué)計(jì)算教學(xué)中存在的問(wèn)題,在查閱了大量文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)人教版高中化學(xué)必修1教材中計(jì)算內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分析,提出以下教學(xué)策略:以直觀克抽象,構(gòu)建概念圖,建立新舊知識(shí)的聯(lián)系;清晰公式內(nèi)涵,理清相互關(guān)系,展示解題思路;利用化學(xué)反應(yīng)前后的守恒關(guān)系,進(jìn)行變式練習(xí),熟練解題技巧。根據(jù)以上教學(xué)策略設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)案例,并在內(nèi)蒙古興安盟科右前旗第一中學(xué)高一年級(jí)兩個(gè)班級(jí)進(jìn)行了教學(xué)實(shí)踐,得到一些有意義的結(jié)果,具體如下:①高一化學(xué)計(jì)算教學(xué)中引用概念圖并理清公式內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上利用守恒關(guān)系進(jìn)行變式練習(xí),使學(xué)生對(duì)概念能夠更全面更清晰的理解的基礎(chǔ)上影響學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)計(jì)算時(shí)計(jì)算技能的實(shí)質(zhì)性掌握,使學(xué)生在做化學(xué)計(jì)算題時(shí)思維更有邏輯性,從而有效地提高學(xué)生化學(xué)計(jì)算水平。②高一化學(xué)計(jì)算教學(xué)中引用概念圖并理清公式內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上利用守恒關(guān)系進(jìn)行變式練習(xí),提升了學(xué)生的解題意識(shí)和科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。③高一化學(xué)計(jì)算教學(xué)中引用概念圖并理清公式內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上利用守恒關(guān)系進(jìn)行變式練習(xí),改變了化學(xué)計(jì)算課堂上枯燥的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。總之,高一化學(xué)計(jì)算教學(xué)策略的實(shí)施大大的激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)計(jì)算的興趣,加深了對(duì)以物質(zhì)的量為核心的概念內(nèi)涵的理解,豐富了學(xué)生的思維活動(dòng),使得原本枯燥機(jī)械的化學(xué)計(jì)算,學(xué)生同樣體驗(yàn)到了學(xué)習(xí)和探索的樂(lè)趣,感受到了成功帶來(lái)的喜悅�；A(chǔ)較差的學(xué)生不再把計(jì)算作為化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)最大的攔路虎,基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生能夠多角度分析問(wèn)題情境。靈活選用優(yōu)良的學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略進(jìn)行解題,不同層次的學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題,解決問(wèn)題的能力得到了不同程度的提高。
[Abstract]:The quantity of matter is the bridge between macro and micro and the core of chemistry calculation in senior high school. The students' study of the "quantity of matter" related knowledge system affects the whole senior high school chemistry study. The related knowledge system mainly consists of the quantity of matter, the molar mass, the Avogadro constant, the number of particles, the quantity concentration of matter. Gas molar volume and other concepts. Aiming at the problems existing in chemistry calculation teaching in senior high school at present, on the basis of consulting a great deal of literature, this paper analyzes the calculation contents in the required 1 textbook of chemistry in senior high school, and puts forward the following teaching strategies: abstract by intuition, Construct the concept map, establish the connection of the new and old knowledge; clear the formula connotation, clear the relationship between each other, show the thinking of solving the problem; use the conservation relation before and after the chemical reaction, carry on the variant practice, skillfully solve the problem skill. According to the teaching strategy above, the teaching case was designed, and the teaching practice was carried out in two classes of grade one in the first grade of the first Middle School of the right Front Banner of XingUNITA in Inner Mongolia, and some meaningful results were obtained. The details are as follows: 1. In the chemistry calculation teaching of Senior one, the concept map is quoted and the connotation of the formula is clarified. On the basis of the conservation relation, the variant exercises are carried out. On the basis of making students have a more comprehensive and clear understanding of the concept, it will affect the students' substantive mastery of the computational skills in the study of chemical calculation, and make students' thinking more logical when they do the chemistry calculation questions. In order to improve the students' chemistry calculation level effectively in the teaching of chemistry calculation in Senior one, the concept map is quoted and the connotation of the formula is clarified. On the basis of this, the variant practice is carried out by using the conservation relation. Improve students' consciousness of solving problems and scientific literacy 3.The concept map is quoted and the connotation of formula is clarified on the basis of quoting concept map in chemistry calculation teaching in senior high school. On the basis of using conservation relation to carry out variant exercises, the dull learning atmosphere in chemistry calculation classroom is changed. In a word, the implementation of the teaching strategy of chemistry calculation in Senior one has greatly stimulated the students' interest in learning chemical calculation, deepened the understanding of the concept connotation of taking the quantity of matter as the core, and enriched the thinking activities of the students. So that the original boring mechanical chemical calculation, students also experience the fun of learning and exploration, feel the joy of success. Students with poor foundation no longer regard calculation as the biggest obstacle to chemistry learning, and students with good foundation can analyze problem situations from different angles. Flexible choice of excellent learning methods and strategies to solve problems, different levels of students to analyze problems, problem-solving ability has been improved to varying degrees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.8

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本文編號(hào)：2150331