本文關鍵詞： 教師資格 定期注冊 彈性注冊 教師質量　出處：《浙江師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：教師是教學的主體,承擔著教書育人的責任,教師隊伍的質量直接決定教育質量,教師資格制度作為與教師職業(yè)關系最密切的制度,直接影響著教師隊伍質量的優(yōu)劣。在我國建國初期,政局初步穩(wěn)定,教育事業(yè)亟待振興,教師隊伍建設所面臨的最大問題就是教師數(shù)量緊缺,實施教師政策的主要目的就是盡快培養(yǎng)出足夠數(shù)量的教師以滿足迅速增長的學校數(shù)量和學生數(shù)量,受當時社會環(huán)境的影響,政治素質成為教師教育的主要內(nèi)容,甚至在部分特殊時期成為了取得教師資格的唯一條件。在進入社會轉型期之后,教師數(shù)量的日趨飽和,教師資格制度逐漸向著高標準和規(guī)范化的方向發(fā)展,教師資格證書制度是我國向教師專業(yè)化發(fā)展的基礎制度,是教師隊伍質量的重要保障,但教師資格制度沒有規(guī)定教師資格證書的有效期,只要不違反師德師風規(guī)定,教師資格證書就終身有效,可以隨時走上教師崗位,這種制度在基礎教育不斷發(fā)展的過程中顯露了一些弊端。2013年8月,教育部發(fā)布《中小學教師資格定期注冊暫行辦法》,首次從制度上打破了教師的“鐵飯碗”。實施此項制度的目標是促進教師隊伍質量的不斷提升,但制度本身仍存在缺陷。教師職業(yè)生涯會持續(xù)30到40年,教師在不同年齡段具有的教學能力、心里狀態(tài),對工作的熱情度等都不盡相同,實施教師資格每5年一注冊,對教師專業(yè)成長的促進作用有限。我國城鄉(xiāng)二元體制明顯,東中西部地區(qū)教育發(fā)展水平差距顯著,在全國推行一致的定期注冊標準不利于落后地區(qū)教師隊伍的穩(wěn)定。此外,教育行政部門對教師資格定期注冊工作的大包大攬可能會造成教師培訓效率低下和注冊監(jiān)管不嚴格等問題。發(fā)達國家在實施教師資格證書更新制的過程中,十分重視專業(yè)團體的作用,將教師繼續(xù)教育與教師資格證書分級制引入到教師資格定期注冊中,既能鼓勵教師參與學習的熱情,也能減輕主管部門和教師的壓力。我國的教師資格定期注冊制度應當建立在教師職業(yè)生涯發(fā)展規(guī)律的基礎上,采用“漸疏”式的注冊時間,在每次注冊中根據(jù)教師的不同發(fā)展水平采取不同的考核制度,注冊內(nèi)容以課堂教學為核心,減輕教師壓力。教師培訓應以教師需求為出發(fā)點,把培訓課程推向市場,多元選擇,打造高效的教師培訓體系。教育行政部門作為制度的制定者和實施者,應當主動放權,積極引導和監(jiān)督專業(yè)團體管理教師資格定期注冊工作。教師資格定期注冊制度實際上是教師資格制度的一個分支,必須在完善教師資格制度的背景下才能起到應有作用,同時,提高教師待遇、保護教師權益能夠為順利定期注冊制度保駕護航。
[Abstract]:Teachers are the main body of teaching, and bear the responsibility of teaching and educating people. The quality of teachers directly determines the quality of education. The system of teacher qualification is the system most closely related to the profession of teachers. In the early days of the founding of our country, the political situation is stable, the education cause needs to be revitalized, and the biggest problem in the construction of the teaching team is the shortage of teachers. The main purpose of implementing the teacher policy is to train enough teachers as soon as possible to meet the rapid growth of the number of schools and the number of students. Under the influence of the social environment at that time, political quality has become the main content of teacher education. Even in some special period has become the only condition to obtain the qualifications of teachers. After entering the period of social transformation, the number of teachers is becoming more and more saturated, and the system of teacher qualifications is gradually developing towards the direction of high standards and standardization. Teacher qualification certificate system is the basic system for the development of teacher specialization in our country and an important guarantee for the quality of teachers. However, the teacher qualification system does not stipulate the validity period of teacher qualification certificate. So long as does not violate the teacher morals and the teacher style stipulation, the teacher qualification certificate will be valid for life, may walk to the teacher post at any time, this kind of system has revealed some malpractice in the elementary education continuous development process. August 2013. The Ministry of Education has issued the interim measures for the regular Registration of Primary and Secondary School Teachers' qualifications, which for the first time broke the "iron rice bowl" of teachers in the system. The goal of implementing this system is to promote the continuous improvement of the quality of teachers. However, the system itself still has defects. The teacher's career will last for 30 to 40 years. The teachers have different teaching ability, mental state and enthusiasm for work in different age groups. The implementation of teacher qualification every five years registration, the promotion of teacher professional growth is limited. China's urban-rural dual system is obvious, the education development level gap between the eastern, central and western regions is significant. The implementation of a consistent standard of regular registration throughout the country is not conducive to the stability of the ranks of teachers in backward areas. The education administrative departments' extensive undertaking of teacher qualification registration may lead to the inefficiency of teacher training and the lack of strict registration supervision. In the process of implementing the renewal system of teacher qualification certificate, the developed countries are in the process of implementing teacher qualification certificate renewal system. We attach great importance to the role of professional organizations and introduce teacher continuing education and teacher qualification certificate grading system into teacher qualification registration on a regular basis, which can encourage teachers to participate in learning enthusiasm. It can also relieve the pressure of the competent departments and teachers. In our country, the regular registration system of teachers' qualifications should be based on the rules of teachers' professional career development and adopt the "gradual" registration time. In each registration, different assessment system is adopted according to the teachers' different development level. The registration content takes classroom teaching as the core, lightens the teacher's pressure. The teacher training should take the teacher's demand as the starting point. To promote training courses to the market, multiple choices, to create an efficient teacher training system. The educational administration, as the system makers and implementers, should take the initiative to delegate power. Actively guide and supervise professional organizations to manage the regular registration of teacher qualifications. The system of teacher qualification registration is actually a branch of teacher qualification system. Only under the background of perfecting teacher qualification system can we play its due role. At the same time, improving the treatment of teachers and protecting teachers' rights and interests can guarantee the smooth and regular registration system.
【學位授予單位】：浙江師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G635.1
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本文編號：1468537