本文關(guān)鍵詞：分析高考物理試題以提高學(xué)生物理建模能力的教學(xué)實(shí)踐　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 新課標(biāo) 高考 物理模型 教學(xué)實(shí)踐

【摘要】：高中物理新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(簡(jiǎn)稱新課標(biāo))已經(jīng)實(shí)施很多年,在新課標(biāo)背景下的物理高考也已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了很多次,但是對(duì)高考試題的分析與學(xué)生建模能力的提高有機(jī)結(jié)合的研究還較少。通過(guò)分析高考試題發(fā)現(xiàn),新課標(biāo)背景下物理高考的一個(gè)重要轉(zhuǎn)變就是問(wèn)題的呈現(xiàn)方式與以往有所不同,很多考題都是以社會(huì)生產(chǎn)生活中的所見所感或時(shí)事科技前沿內(nèi)容為背景,需要學(xué)生根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,具體問(wèn)題具體分析,抽象出正確的物理模型,之后才是怎么運(yùn)用概念和規(guī)律解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的過(guò)程。在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,如果忽略了培養(yǎng)物理建模能力這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生往往無(wú)法提取有用的物理信息、有效的物理?xiàng)l件,不能建立正確的物理模型,就無(wú)法正確地解決物理問(wèn)題。所以,具有指導(dǎo)性的高考要求學(xué)生提高物理建模能力,反過(guò)來(lái)建模能力的強(qiáng)弱也會(huì)影響高考成績(jī)的高低。本課題主要有三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:首先,本文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研及教學(xué)實(shí)踐,從知識(shí)體系、思維方式、解題步驟、數(shù)學(xué)處理方法等多角度對(duì)高中物理模型進(jìn)行了分類,使我們對(duì)物理模型認(rèn)識(shí)更清晰、更深入。并按照構(gòu)建物理模型的思維方式,結(jié)合實(shí)例舉例給出了構(gòu)建物理模型的一般方法和流程圖。其次,使用全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷的地區(qū)較多,所以本課題從主題、知識(shí)塊、考點(diǎn)、掌握要求、物理模型、物理方法等方面對(duì)2010—2014共5年的全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷進(jìn)行了多維統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。再次本文以高考試題為例結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)踐,給出了建構(gòu)物理概念模型和物理規(guī)律模型的一般方法和流程圖,對(duì)高考物理信息給予題、原始問(wèn)題如何建模進(jìn)行了討論,根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)和物理聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,給出了利用極值、三角函數(shù)、微元、割補(bǔ)等數(shù)學(xué)方法建立物理模型的方法和實(shí)踐。最后給出了建立圖象模型的一般方法和實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:The new curriculum standard of high school physics (New Curriculum) has been implemented for many years, the college entrance examination of Physics under the new curriculum has also been carried out for many times, but the research on improving the organic combination of analysis of the college entrance examination and students' modeling ability is limited. Through the analysis of the college entrance examination found that physical college entrance examination under the new curriculum under the background of a an important change is the way different from the past, a lot of questions are based on the social production and living in the perception or current frontier science and technology content as the background and needs of students according to the actual situation, analysis of specific issues, abstracted the correct physical model, then the process of how to use the concepts and rules to solve practical the problem in the usual teaching, if you ignore this link to develop the physical modeling ability training, students are often unable to extract the physical information useful and effective physical A, can not establish the correct physical model, will not be able to correctly solve physical problems. Therefore, with the guidance of the college entrance examination requirements to improve students' ability of physical modeling, modeling ability in turn will also affect the college entrance examination scores. This topic mainly has three aspects: first, through literature research and teaching practice. From the knowledge system, the way of thinking, problem-solving steps, mathematical processing method of multi angle classification of physics model, physical model allows us to more clearly, more deeply. And according to building a physical model of the way of thinking, combined with the example gives the building a physical model of the general method and flow chart. Secondly, use the the new curriculum Volume II in more, so this topic from the theme, knowledge block, test center, master requirements, physical model, physical methods such as the national new curriculum for 2010 - 2014 a total of 5 years Volume II conducted multi-dimensional statistical analysis. Thirdly based on the college entrance examination as an example combined with the teaching practice, the construction model of physical concepts and laws of physics model of the general method and flow chart are given, questions on the physical information of college entrance examination, the original problem of modeling are discussed, according to the mathematical and physical links and differences, is given by using the extremum. Trigonometric function, differential, method and practice of patching and other mathematical methods to establish the physical model. Finally, the method to build the image model and practice are given.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.7

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號(hào)：1412007