本文選題：氟化物　切入點(diǎn)：水處理　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國地下水儲(chǔ)存量有限,許多地區(qū)的地下水水質(zhì)狀況不良,受到重金屬、氟化物、氨氮、有機(jī)物等污染,因此地下水水質(zhì)處理技術(shù)急需在供水企業(yè)中應(yīng)用。由于地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和污染的原因,寧夏地下水資源表現(xiàn)為資源總量少、空間分布極不均勻、水質(zhì)差、淡水資源短缺等特點(diǎn),而寧夏靈武市地下水資源含量也比較有限�，F(xiàn)有水源地的水質(zhì)通過近幾年的監(jiān)測資料顯示,靈武水廠水源地的水質(zhì)指標(biāo)除氨氮和氟化物的含量超過國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的限值外,其它指標(biāo)均符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。目前我國絕大多數(shù)水廠采取的傳統(tǒng)的常規(guī)水處理工藝無法有效去除水體里的氟化物和氨氮。因此,針對(duì)寧夏靈武市的水質(zhì)污染特點(diǎn),通過多方技術(shù)調(diào)研和論證,并對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的除氟工藝和當(dāng)今比較先進(jìn)的膜處理工藝進(jìn)行比較,確定膜處理工藝具有出水水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、出水生物穩(wěn)定性好、能夠減少混凝劑和消毒劑投加量、減少消毒副產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)生、可適應(yīng)不同生產(chǎn)能力的需要、大大減少水廠用地、操作維護(hù)方便、自動(dòng)化控制程度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此,從長遠(yuǎn)考慮,結(jié)合靈武的水質(zhì)特點(diǎn),本論文研究采取的納濾和超濾相結(jié)合的集中式除氟工藝在技術(shù)上可行且必要。為保障納濾膜系統(tǒng)能長效穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,同時(shí)考慮到當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源緊缺的現(xiàn)狀以及降低運(yùn)行成本的要求,需設(shè)置超濾膜系統(tǒng)作為納濾系統(tǒng)的預(yù)處理單元,同時(shí)采用部分原水和納濾產(chǎn)水勾兌的方案,不但使水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)、水資源得以充分利用,而且可以有效降低運(yùn)行成本。但是,即便采用以上的工藝運(yùn)行方式,通過成本測算,水處理工藝實(shí)施后,居民用水的價(jià)格必須由現(xiàn)行的1.72元/m3調(diào)整到3.33元/m3,才可以維持企業(yè)持續(xù)經(jīng)營。當(dāng)水價(jià)不能達(dá)到預(yù)期價(jià)格時(shí),靈武供水企業(yè)在持續(xù)良性經(jīng)營方面會(huì)存在很大的困難。因此靈武供水企業(yè)在保證供水質(zhì)量與持續(xù)發(fā)展的同時(shí),應(yīng)該考慮在供水的模式上或者在營銷模式上采取新的方式。對(duì)于寧夏靈武經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)而且地下水資源缺乏的地區(qū),用此技術(shù)除氟還會(huì)帶來一定的水資源浪費(fèi),且由于水價(jià)因素投資回收期也比較長。因此,今后地下水氟處理的研究方向,應(yīng)該是結(jié)合我國國情和各個(gè)區(qū)域的水質(zhì)條件研制出適應(yīng)不同水質(zhì)條件的高效、廉價(jià)、安全、低能耗、節(jié)約水資源的除氟材料或設(shè)備。
[Abstract]:Groundwater storage in China is limited. Groundwater quality in many areas is poor and polluted by heavy metals, fluoride, ammonia nitrogen, organic matter, etc. As a result of the geological structure and pollution, the groundwater resources in Ningxia are characterized by less total resources, uneven spatial distribution, poor water quality and shortage of fresh water resources. The groundwater resources content in Lingwu City of Ningxia is also relatively limited. The monitoring data of the existing water sources in recent years show that the water quality index of the water source of Lingwu Water Plant is beyond the limit of the national standard except the content of ammonia nitrogen and fluoride. The traditional conventional water treatment process adopted by most water plants in China can not effectively remove fluoride and ammonia nitrogen from the water body. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of water pollution in Lingwu City, Ningxia, the traditional water treatment process can not effectively remove fluoride and ammonia nitrogen from the water body. Through investigation and demonstration of various technologies and comparison between the traditional fluoride removal process and the more advanced membrane treatment process, it is determined that the membrane treatment process has stable effluent quality and good effluent biological stability. It can reduce the dosage of coagulants and disinfectants, reduce the production of disinfection by-products, adapt to the needs of different production capacities, greatly reduce the land use of water plants, facilitate operation and maintenance, and have high degree of automation and control. Combined with the characteristics of Lingwu water quality, the centralized fluorine removal process, which combines nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, is feasible and necessary in technology, in order to ensure the long and stable operation of nanofiltration membrane system. At the same time, considering the shortage of local water resources and the requirement of reducing operation cost, it is necessary to set up ultrafiltration membrane system as the pretreatment unit of the nanofiltration system, and to adopt the scheme of blending part of raw water and nanofiltration water, which not only makes the water quality up to the standard, Water resources can be fully utilized, and the operation cost can be reduced effectively. The price of water for residents must be adjusted from the current 1.72 yuan / m3 to 3.33 yuan / m3 in order to maintain the continuing operation of the enterprise. When the water price cannot reach the expected price, Lingwu water supply enterprises will have great difficulties in sustaining sound operation. Therefore, Lingwu water supply enterprises ensure the quality and sustainable development of water supply at the same time. We should consider taking a new approach in the mode of water supply or in the marketing mode. For areas in Ningxia where the economy of Lingwu is underdeveloped and groundwater resources are scarce, the use of this technology to remove fluorine will also lead to a certain waste of water resources. Therefore, the research direction of groundwater fluoride treatment in the future should be to develop high efficiency, low cost and safety suitable for different water quality conditions in combination with the national conditions of our country and the water quality conditions in various regions. Low energy consumption, saving water resources for the removal of fluorine materials or equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 陳男;天然及合成多孔性粘土材料對(duì)地下水中氟化物的吸附性能研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京);2012年

2 單悅;改性顆粒天然菱鐵礦吸附劑制備及其除氟性能研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）;2014年

3 劉吉明;層狀雙金屬氫氧化物的制備、表征及硫酸根和氟離子吸附性能研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2015年

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本文編號(hào)：1606557