發(fā)布時間：2018-01-04 21:18

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展的問題研究　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：柬埔寨是世界發(fā)展中國家之一,位于中南半島的東南亞南部,是東南亞國家聯(lián)盟(東盟)成員。農(nóng)業(yè)是柬埔寨經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱。2012年,農(nóng)業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了37%的GDP和約67%的勞動力就業(yè)。但在過去10年,柬埔寨的農(nóng)業(yè)GDP增長一直維持在4%和5%的增長率,仍然落后于工業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)的增長。自1993年以來經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長,2012年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長了7.3%。2007年以來,貧困率下降了一半以上,但是五分之一的人口仍生活在貧困線以下,收入不平等情況有所增加。水稻是重要的商品出口。在2013年,柬埔寨出口了120萬噸大米,占全球大米出口總量的3%以上。因資金不足,國家無力從農(nóng)民手中購買大米,結(jié)果農(nóng)民只能把大米賣給鄰國。農(nóng)業(yè)合作社作為一種重要且寶貴的制度資源,是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下弱勢群體聯(lián)合起來滿足自身經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會需要的企業(yè)和社會團(tuán)體,是家庭經(jīng)營的必要補充,是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的有效載體和組織形式,可以使農(nóng)業(yè)更好地適應(yīng)國際市場競爭,可以促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)決策的科學(xué)化與合理化并保障農(nóng)業(yè)政策的順利實施,同時也還是對農(nóng)民進(jìn)行教育的最佳載體。可見,農(nóng)業(yè)合作社是保障和提高農(nóng)民利益、平衡貧富兩極分化、維持社會穩(wěn)定、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的有效方法。因此,構(gòu)建和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)合作社,滿足農(nóng)民的合作需求,就顯得非常重要和必要。本文的具體研究目的共有四點。第一是介紹柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社法和農(nóng)業(yè)合作社現(xiàn)狀。第二是分析農(nóng)業(yè)合作社對國家農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村發(fā)展的作用。第三是分析影響柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展的因素。最后,提出加快柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展的對策與政策建議。本文分為六個部分:第一部分是前言。第二部分對農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的基本理論包括農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的內(nèi)涵、農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的特點、農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的原則以及農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的作用進(jìn)行闡釋與分析,為下文的分析提供理論依據(jù)。第三部分研究柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀、柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作法、柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社分布特征和柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的作用。第四部分研究柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展存在的問題以及成因。第五部分研究了美國和中國農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展模式、中國農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展的政策支持與中國農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展對柬埔寨的啟示。第六部分提出加快柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展的對策建議。本文的研究意義在于,從理論意義來看,農(nóng)業(yè)合作社在食品安全和農(nóng)村發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的潛在作用應(yīng)該重視,它有助于提高農(nóng)民的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,并讓農(nóng)民更容易地獲取市場營銷、儲蓄、信貸、保險、技術(shù)等服務(wù)。農(nóng)民合作社既可以用來連接農(nóng)戶與市場,又能增加糧食生產(chǎn)。從實踐意義來看,本文研究對柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展的支持、擴(kuò)大這方面的知識而且促進(jìn)社會和諧發(fā)展方面具有重要的實踐指導(dǎo)意義。柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社對農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村發(fā)展具有積極作用。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)合作社不斷地增加,農(nóng)業(yè)合作社存在著需要各方面的支持與進(jìn)行改善的問題。通過研究得到的結(jié)論為五點。第一是柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)合作社數(shù)量不斷增加、農(nóng)業(yè)合作社為社員提供低息貸款、農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的專業(yè)化程度逐漸提高和農(nóng)業(yè)合作社區(qū)域發(fā)展不均衡的特點。第二是柬埔寨農(nóng)業(yè)合作社存在著農(nóng)業(yè)合作社層面和政府層面兩方面的問題,其中農(nóng)業(yè)合作社層面的問題主要有農(nóng)業(yè)合作社董事會及監(jiān)事會的工作效率較低、社員參與農(nóng)業(yè)合作社經(jīng)營程度低和抵御風(fēng)險的能力較弱等。第三,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展存在上述問題的原因,主要有農(nóng)民的教育程度較低、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施缺乏、農(nóng)業(yè)的信息渠道少、保障良好投資環(huán)境措施的缺乏和“關(guān)系”主義制度六大因素。第四,通過對典型的發(fā)達(dá)國家一一美國和典型的發(fā)展中國家一一中國有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)與分析,得到農(nóng)業(yè)合作社發(fā)展對柬埔寨的有益啟示。美國對柬埔寨的啟示有以農(nóng)機(jī)合作社為依托,堅持土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營;加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位,促進(jìn)工農(nóng)融合;政府應(yīng)針對農(nóng)機(jī)合作社發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行適度扶持;完善農(nóng)機(jī)合作社內(nèi)部運營機(jī)制,提高社會化服務(wù)水平。中國對柬埔寨的啟示有重視開展農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的教育和培訓(xùn);創(chuàng)新生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率與產(chǎn)品附加值;堅持合作社原則基礎(chǔ)上完善利益分配與保障機(jī)制;正確發(fā)揮政府在合作社發(fā)展中的作用。第五,本文提出了對策建議。首先是提高農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營效率;其次是提高普通社員參與農(nóng)業(yè)合作社的經(jīng)營程度;再次是增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)合作社抵御自然風(fēng)險和市場風(fēng)險的能力;第四是建立與政府溝通的工作部門;最后是加大政府的支持力度。
[Abstract]:Kampuchea is one of the developing countries in the world, is located in the southern Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia, is the association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members. Agriculture is the pillar industry of Kampuchea.2012 economy, agriculture accounts for 37% of GDP and 67% of the labor force. But in the past 10 years, Kampuchea's agricultural GDP growth has been maintained at 4% and 5% growth rate, still lags behind the growth of industry and service industry. Since 1993 has experienced rapid economic growth since 2012, GDP growth of 7.3%.2007 years, the poverty rate fell by more than half, but 1/5 people are still living below the poverty line, income inequality has been increasing. Rice is an important commodity for export in 2013, Kampuchea exported 1 million 200 thousand tons of rice, rice exports accounted for more than 3% of the world. Due to lack of funds, the state can not afford to buy rice from farmers, the farmers can only put the big M sold to neighboring countries. Agricultural cooperatives as an important and valuable system resources, is the vulnerable groups under the condition of market economy combined to meet their economic and social needs of enterprises and social organizations, is a necessary supplement of the family management, is the effective carrier and organization form of agricultural industrialization, can make agriculture better adapt to the international market competition that can promote the agricultural scientific and reasonable and ensure the smooth implementation of the policy of agriculture, but also is the best carrier for farmers education. Therefore, agricultural cooperatives is to protect and improve the farmers' interests, the balance between the rich and the poor to maintain social stability, the effective method to promote economic development. Therefore, the construction and development of agricultural cooperatives. Meet the farmers' demand for cooperation, it is very important and necessary to study the concrete. A total of four points. The first is the introduction of Kampuchea agriculture For the law society and agricultural cooperatives status. The second is the analysis of role of agricultural cooperatives to the national agriculture and rural development. The third is to analyze the impact factors of the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea. Finally, put forward to accelerate the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea countermeasures and policy suggestions. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part is the preface. The second part of the basic theory including the connotation of agricultural cooperatives of agricultural cooperatives, the characteristics of agricultural cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives in the role of the principle of interpretation and analysis, for the following analysis provides a theoretical basis. The third part studies the status of Kampuchea agriculture, Kampuchea agricultural cooperation, Kampuchea agricultural cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea distribution function. The fourth part studies the existence and development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea problems and the causes. The fifth part of the United States and in The development model of agricultural cooperatives in the Enlightenment of the development of agricultural cooperatives, China policies to support the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea and China. The sixth part puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea. The significance of this study, from the theoretical point of view, the agricultural cooperatives play a very important role in food security and rural development potential. The role of agricultural cooperatives should pay attention to, it is helpful to improve the agricultural productivity of farmers, and make it easier for farmers to obtain marketing, savings, credit, insurance, technology and other services. Farmers' cooperatives can be used to connect farmers with the market, but also can increase the grain production. In practice, this paper studies on Kampuchea agricultural support the development of cooperatives, has important practical significance to expand the knowledge and promote the harmonious development of the society of Kampuchea. The agricultural cooperative has positive effects on agriculture and rural development. With the increase of agricultural cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives problems need all the support and improvement. Through the conclusions of the study was five points. The first is the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea agricultural cooperatives show the growing number of agricultural cooperatives to provide low interest loans for members. The degree of specialization of agricultural cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives gradually improve the unbalanced regional development. Second agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea there are two aspects of the agricultural cooperative level and government level, the level of agricultural cooperatives are the main problems of agricultural cooperatives in the board of directors and board of supervisors and the work efficiency is low, low level members participate in agricultural cooperative operation and the ability to resist the risk. Third, lead to the problems of agricultural cooperatives The reason mainly has the low level of education, lack of infrastructure, agricultural information channel is few, protect the good investment environment measures and the lack of "relationship" doctrine of six factors. Fourth, based on the typical developed countries the United States and one typical development Chinese family 11 summary and Analysis on agricultural development experience China the cooperative and beneficial enlightenment to the development of Kampuchea agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea. With the Enlightenment of American agricultural cooperatives as the basis, adhere to the land scale management; strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation, to promote the integration of workers and peasants; governments should focus on the development of agricultural cooperatives are moderate support; perfect agricultural cooperatives internal operation mechanism, improve the level of social services. China enlightenment to Kampuchea's agricultural cooperatives attach importance to education and training; the innovation of production, improve the production efficiency of agricultural industry and The added value of products; adhere to the basic principle of cooperatives improve the distribution of interests and safeguard mechanism; right to play the role of the government in the development of cooperatives. In fifth, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions. The first is to improve the efficiency of production and operation of agricultural cooperatives; second is to improve the management level and ordinary members of agricultural cooperatives; enhance the ability to resist agricultural cooperatives is again natural risk and market risk; the fourth is to establish communication with the government departments; and finally increase the support of government.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.42

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本文編號：1380127