本文關鍵詞：我國政府信息資源共享芻議，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

我國政府信息資源共享芻議

我國政府信息資源共享芻議

政府信息資源共享是公共管理領域的一個前沿課題。雖然作為一種新的管理理論，它尚未形成一個完整的體系；作為一項新的管理實踐，它仍處于日新月異的發(fā)展變化之中。但由于它在電子政府建設中所體現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實價值，政府信息資源共享已經(jīng)成為IT界、管理學界以及經(jīng)濟學界關注的熱點。本文主體上分六個部分進行論述。第一部分闡釋了政府信息資源的涵義，明確了信息、信息資源和政府信息資源三者的關系，從共享的視角來理解政府信息資源的內容、分類、來源和歸屬。從定義上看，政府信息資源作為信息資源的一個分支，主要是政府部門為履行職責而產(chǎn)生、獲取、利用、傳播、保存和負責處置的信息，是國家必不可少的資源，它在內涵上要比信息、信息資源豐富；從內容上看，它包含政府決策信息、為社會各界服務的信息、反饋信息及政府間交流信息四個方面。從分類上說，主要從共享與保密角度將其歸納為兩大類，全社會共享的信息和內部共享的信息。第二部分是對共享的涵義進行剖析，資源共享是人類追求的美好理想，它體現(xiàn)了人們力求最大限度地利用政府信息資源的管理思想,并在此基礎上提出了資源共享要以政府信息公開為前提條件，同時在共享過程中要遵循貢獻和防范兩大原則，既要無償?shù)呢暙I又要嚴密的防范才能達到合理、合法的共享。第三部分包括兩個方面內容，一方面介紹了我國政府信息資源共享的近況，即：在技術和設備上已經(jīng)具備了基本條件，信息網(wǎng)絡也初步構建完成，信息內容數(shù)量龐大但開發(fā)深度不夠，總體上看還只是處于初步發(fā)展階<WP=55>段。另一方面，以美國為例，介紹了國外政府信息資源發(fā)展情況，并在此基礎上提出通過對新生和現(xiàn)存政府信息資源的數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡化、商品化，再借助于現(xiàn)代化的信息傳輸技術，，最終實現(xiàn)資源共享是大勢所趨。第四部分對政府信息資源共享模式進行研究，通過借鑒比利時政府的共享模式，從七個方面提出我國政府在資源共享中應采取的對策：一、從政府信息管理體制角度看，要建立統(tǒng)一、有效的行政CIO管理體制，主要由行政CIO、全國政府信息協(xié)調委員會和政府信息機構三級組織構成，縱向上實行統(tǒng)一領導，橫向上要相互配合。二、從運行機制看，要加快建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下的政府信息資源運行機制。首先，政府要轉變觀念，樹立以信息市場平等主體的身份參與信息交易活動，推動信息市場的健康發(fā)展；其次，政府信息機構要轉變職能，將信息分為內部信息和外部信息，不同種類的信息由不同部門來收集，外部信息能由市場收集的交由市場來完成，內部信息要在部門間建立起通暢的內部信息交換制度，實現(xiàn)政府內部信息資源共享；最后，要大力扶持社會信息機構和商業(yè)信息中心參與市場競爭，以完善信息市場的發(fā)展。三、從信息內容看，要不斷挖掘政府信息資源潛力，整合現(xiàn)有的信息資源，提供成熟的信息產(chǎn)品。主要是要建成一批國家級標準化、國際化和大容量的公共信息庫；開展政府信息資源的二次開發(fā)利用；及時捕捉網(wǎng)絡信息和處理反饋信息；通過建立特色化政府信息資源和專題信息資源指引庫，加大對政府信息資源內容的開發(fā)利用。四、從法律法規(guī)制度上，要抓緊政府信息資源共享的立法工作，以保證政府信息資源安全、高效地開發(fā)利用。目前主要制訂信息公開法和計算機信息系統(tǒng)安全法，同時還要完善統(tǒng)計法。五、從技術平臺支持上看：其一，共享與保密平臺的設計應當采用在物理上完全獨立的兩套系統(tǒng)，把<WP=56>面向公眾的服務系統(tǒng)和完全封閉的政府內部使用系統(tǒng)應當完全隔離；其二，政府應用系統(tǒng)要盡可能共享；最后要注意信息技術的規(guī)范和標準的管理。六、政府信息網(wǎng)絡建設方面亟須加快和完善，使政府部門的局域網(wǎng)與系統(tǒng)的廣域網(wǎng)和因特網(wǎng)互通，為信息資源共享提供縱橫交錯、通暢的信息傳輸通道。七、從人員素質看，人是實現(xiàn)政府信息資源共享的最終實踐者，要努力提高公務員的信息素質，以推動我國電子政務的發(fā)展。第五部分對我國政府信息資源共享的有利條件與不利因素進行了淺析淺析，其有利方面在于豐富的信息內容；現(xiàn)代化的處理手段；先進的技術設備；便捷的網(wǎng)絡。不利方面在于公務員素質有待提高；封建和等級觀念的限制；法律制度滯后；信息市場不健全；語言和信息庫標準不足；指導思想上和資金投入上重硬輕軟；行動上缺少統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃；體制上的制約。通過對以上優(yōu)勢和劣勢的淺析淺析，促使我們在進行資源共享的建設中更有針對性地解決不足。第六部分闡述了在共享過程中要注意的兩大不足，即政府信息資源公開的尺度和政府信息資源保護不足，只有合理的公開與適度的保密相結合，才能促使政府信息資源共享活動順暢、健全地向前發(fā)展。總之，我們知道政府信息資源共享是一項巨大而復雜的工程，不是一蹴而就的，在這項工程的建設中，高素質而可靠的人員、先進的信息技術和設備、充足的資金、完備的法律、快捷的網(wǎng)絡等都是必不可少的因素，只要這幾方面相互融合，信息資源共享一定會實現(xiàn)的。

【Abstract】 The sharing of government information resources is a new idea in public management field. As a new management theory and practice, it is still in developing and variation. Owing to its actual value in construction of electronics government, it is becoming the focus of people’s attention in all parts of the world. The thesis consists of six parts.Part 1 illuminates the definition of government information resources, which specify the relation among information, information resources and government information resources, understanding ownership, classification, source, content of government information resources from the point of sharing and the description of conception. Government information resources are essential for a country because they belong to information produced by government sectors, need using, transmitting, preserving and handling to perform their responsibility. As a branch of information resources, it is richer in content than in that of information and information resources. From the angle of the content, it contains government decision information , ordinary information among departments, feedback information and information of the current society, which is summed up into two kinds in the light of sharing and protecting：the sharing information of the whole society and the sharing information among different government departments.Part 2 discuses the connotation of the sharing. Resource sharing is the ideal view of human beings, which has embodied the management thought that people can make great effort to use government information resources, and on the basis of this assessment, a prerequisite condition is put forward, that is, opening information. At the same time, people will follow two principles of contribution and guard in the course of resource sharing, for complete sharing is based on free contribution and strict guard.Part 3 includes two kinds of content. On the one hand, it introduces the present sharing situation of the government information resources in our country. We have the basic condition in the aspect of technology and equipment. At the same time, information network is also founded preliminarily. There is a large quantity of <WP=58>information, but quality is not high. In general, our country is at its primary developing stage. On the other hand, the sharing condition of foreign government information resources such as America has attracted much attention, if the new and extant government information resources have passed through commercialization, network and the digitalization, and resources sharing must be finished under the aid of modern information transmission technology.Part 4 studies the sharing pattern of government information resources. Referring to the sharing pattern of Belgium government, many measures are taken on seven aspects. Firstly, according to government information management system, unified and effective management system of CIO will be set up, which is mainly composed of CIO, national government information coordinative committee and government information organization. They cooperate with one another and are led into union. Secondly, referring to operation mechanism, our country will quickly establish operation mechanism of the government information resources under the condition of socialist market economy: (a) Our government will form equal ideas in information market, participating in information trade and developing the healthy information market; (b) Government information organization will change the functions of the government, that is, different department collects different kinds of information. External information will be bought from market while internal information will be collected through the exchange system of internal information in order to realize the sharing among different departments; (c) Many social information organization and commercial information companies are supported to take part in market competition. Thirdly, in terms of the content of information, we will excavate the potential resource of government information