本文選題：美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定 + 政府采購(gòu)�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球貿(mào)易自由化進(jìn)程中，政府采購(gòu)作為一種重要的貿(mào)易方式，必將成為國(guó)家間進(jìn)行貿(mào)易談判的重要內(nèi)容。美國(guó)是世界上較早實(shí)行政府采購(gòu)制度的國(guó)家之一。其以國(guó)內(nèi)完善的政府采購(gòu)法律體系為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)對(duì)外締結(jié)雙邊協(xié)定或者加入多邊談判的方式擴(kuò)大政府采購(gòu)市場(chǎng)，試圖以此逐步消除各國(guó)保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品與供應(yīng)商、排斥外國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的貿(mào)易壁壘。美國(guó)繼1985年與以色列簽訂FTA之后，又談判加入了一系列FTA，且均將政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則納入其中，并以專章的形式對(duì)政府采購(gòu)的主體、客體以及程序等內(nèi)容作出較為詳盡的規(guī)定。中國(guó)在簽署FTA上已步入一個(gè)新高度，但目前中國(guó)對(duì)外簽訂的所有FTA均未包含政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則，但隨著國(guó)際政府采購(gòu)市場(chǎng)的不斷發(fā)展，有關(guān)這一規(guī)則的納入應(yīng)該得到我國(guó)的重視。分析和掌握美國(guó)相關(guān)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則對(duì)我國(guó)FTA戰(zhàn)略納入政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則具有一定的借鑒意義。 本文將從以下五個(gè)部分對(duì)美國(guó)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則進(jìn)行研究，，主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一部分：美國(guó)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則概述。本部分的主要目的是了解美國(guó)FTA納入政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則的原因，文章從GPA的局限性、美國(guó)的國(guó)家結(jié)構(gòu)、政治意圖、經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)因四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析；之后作者在本部分介紹了美國(guó)FTA的歷史沿革，并根據(jù)其發(fā)展特點(diǎn)將其沿革劃分為三個(gè)階段，以期讓我們更清晰地了解美國(guó)FTA中政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則發(fā)展的大致脈絡(luò)。 第二部分：美國(guó)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)主體。通常情況下，美國(guó)FTA中政府采購(gòu)的主體包含中央采購(gòu)實(shí)體、次級(jí)中央實(shí)體與政府企業(yè)。因此，文章在本部分列舉并歸納了美國(guó)FTA這三類主體的內(nèi)容，以其中具有代表性的NAFTA等為視角，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，分別對(duì)三類主體的規(guī)定進(jìn)行評(píng)析。 第三部分：美國(guó)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)客體。本部分從政府采購(gòu)客體的范圍與政府采購(gòu)客體的采購(gòu)門檻兩方面對(duì)政府采購(gòu)客體進(jìn)行闡釋。美國(guó)FTA在采購(gòu)客體范圍方面經(jīng)歷了一定的發(fā)展與完善，包括采購(gòu)客體范圍的形成與兩次補(bǔ)充。在采購(gòu)門檻方面，雖然美國(guó)FTA中規(guī)定的采購(gòu)門檻不盡一致，但也表現(xiàn)出一定的規(guī)律性。因此，本部分將結(jié)合表格的形式對(duì)美國(guó)部分FTA的采購(gòu)門檻進(jìn)行闡明和分析。 第四部分：美國(guó)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)程序。有關(guān)程序性的規(guī)定是政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則的核心內(nèi)容。因此，本文在這一部分，也不吝筆墨。分別以美國(guó)FTA的招標(biāo)程序、投標(biāo)程序、合同授予程序、救濟(jì)程序這幾個(gè)政府采購(gòu)過(guò)程中的重要程序?yàn)榍腥朦c(diǎn)，對(duì)美國(guó)FTA中的政府采購(gòu)程序進(jìn)行闡釋與分析。 第五部分：美國(guó)FTA對(duì)中國(guó)FTA戰(zhàn)略中政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則的啟示。本部分首先分析中國(guó)已經(jīng)具備了一定的將政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則納入中國(guó)FTA戰(zhàn)略的條件；其次，提出了無(wú)論是從中國(guó)FTA的發(fā)展還是從保護(hù)本國(guó)供應(yīng)商的角度來(lái)看，將政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則納入中國(guó)FTA戰(zhàn)略是一項(xiàng)不可回避的議題；最后，文章提出了中國(guó)FTA戰(zhàn)略中納入政府采購(gòu)規(guī)則的策略，包括：審慎選擇談判對(duì)象、循序漸進(jìn)擴(kuò)大政府采購(gòu)主體、靈活界定政府采購(gòu)客體、完善政府采購(gòu)程序。
[Abstract]:In the process of Global trade liberalization, government procurement, as an important way of trade, will certainly become an important part of trade negotiations between countries. The United States is one of the countries in the world to carry out the system of government procurement earlier in the world. The United States, following the signing of FTA with Israel in 1985, has joined a series of FTA after signing FTA with Israel in 1985. The contents of the body, the object and the program are more detailed. China has entered a new height on the signing of the FTA, but at present, all the FTA signed by China does not contain the government procurement rules. However, with the continuous development of the international government procurement market, the inclusion of this rule should be paid attention to in our country. The government procurement rules related to FTA have certain reference significance for China's FTA strategy to be incorporated into the rules of government procurement.
This article will study the rules of government procurement in the US FTA from the following five parts. The main contents are as follows:
The first part: an overview of the government procurement rules in the American FTA. The main purpose of this part is to understand the reasons for the integration of American FTA into government procurement rules. The article analyzes the limitations of GPA, the national structure, political intention and economic motivation of the United States, and then the author introduces the historical evolution of the American FTA in this part and the basis of this part. The characteristics of its development are divided into three stages, with a view to let us have a clearer understanding of the general thread of the development of government procurement rules in the US FTA.
The second part: the main body of government procurement in American FTA. Under the circumstances, the main body of the government procurement in the FTA of the United States includes the central procurement entity, the secondary central entity and the government enterprise. Therefore, the article enumerates and sums up the contents of the three categories of the United States FTA, which is based on the representative NAFTA and so on, on this basis, The provisions of the three types of subjects are evaluated and analyzed respectively.
The third part: the object of government procurement in American FTA. This part explains the object of government procurement from the scope of the object of government procurement and the purchase threshold of the object of government procurement. The United States FTA has experienced a certain development and perfection in the scope of the procurement object, including the formation and the two replenishment of the scope of the purchase guest. On the threshold, although the procurement threshold stipulated in the US FTA is not consistent, it also shows a certain regularity. Therefore, this section will explain and analyze the purchasing threshold of some FTA in the United States in the form of the form.
The fourth part: the government procurement procedure in the FTA of the United States. The procedural provisions are the core of the government procurement rules. Therefore, this article is not stall in this part, and the important procedures of the procurement process of the government, such as the bidding procedure of the American FTA, the bidding procedure, the contract granting procedure and the relief program, are the breakthrough points. The process of government procurement in FTA is explained and analyzed.
The fifth part: the Enlightenment of American FTA on the government procurement rules in China's FTA strategy. This part first analyzes the conditions in which China has brought the government procurement rules into China's FTA strategy. Secondly, it puts forward that the government procurement rules will be included in the development of China's FTA or from the perspective of the protection of domestic suppliers. China's FTA strategy is an unavoidable issue. Finally, the article puts forward the strategy of integrating government procurement rules in China's FTA strategy, including careful selection of the object of negotiation, gradual expansion of the main body of government procurement, flexible definition of the object of government procurement, and the improvement of the process of government procurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F744;F817.12

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