石油行業(yè)行政壟斷的現(xiàn)實(shí)危害研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-20 12:27
【摘要】：石油產(chǎn)業(yè)屬于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè),對(duì)一國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起著強(qiáng)大的支撐、帶動(dòng)和輻射作用。從1949年新中國(guó)成立初步建立我國(guó)石油工業(yè)體系到現(xiàn)在,我國(guó)石油產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)歷了從無(wú)到有、從小到大的歷史蛻變。特別是1998年以來(lái),政府在石油行業(yè)實(shí)施了一系列改革與改組,收獲了不少的成效。然而,石油行業(yè)長(zhǎng)期存在的效率低下問(wèn)題和壟斷經(jīng)營(yíng)格局始終未變,市場(chǎng)作為資源配置的主體地位仍未建立,市場(chǎng)在資源配置上的基礎(chǔ)性作用遠(yuǎn)未得到充分發(fā)揮,石油行業(yè)中的問(wèn)題依舊重重。 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),基于石油產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)的考慮,學(xué)者多認(rèn)為石油行業(yè)屬于自然壟斷行業(yè)。但是在我國(guó),石油行業(yè)一直處于政府的嚴(yán)格管控之下,是由政府一手塑造發(fā)展起來(lái)的。政府在石油行業(yè)頒布實(shí)施的諸多妨礙、限制市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的法律法規(guī)構(gòu)成了有利于形成壟斷的制度,加之政府在石油行業(yè)自上而下開(kāi)展的一系列重組與改革,從而促成了如今石油行業(yè)三分天下的寡頭壟斷格局,因此,石油行業(yè)的壟斷帶有濃郁的行政壟斷色彩。 目前,有關(guān)石油行業(yè)行政壟斷問(wèn)題的研究并不多見(jiàn)并且存在較大的分歧,本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法和比較研究法,對(duì)石油行業(yè)行政壟斷的現(xiàn)實(shí)危害進(jìn)行了具體分析。文章第一章主要介紹了研究背景及意義,第二章對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了梳理,第三章分析了石油行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合石油行業(yè)的歷史沿革及壟斷格局的形成過(guò)程,證明石油行業(yè)的寡頭壟斷實(shí)質(zhì)上屬于行政壟斷,第四章著重分析石油行業(yè)行政壟斷導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)實(shí)危害,證明在行政壟斷之下,石油行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)受到了不當(dāng)限制與排斥,壟斷石油集團(tuán)的特權(quán)不斷膨脹,行政力量代替市場(chǎng)配置資源,導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)被扭曲,石油行業(yè)行政壟斷造成了諸多的危害,例如：壟斷石油集團(tuán)經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效低下,缺乏國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力；民營(yíng)石油企業(yè)舉步維艱,大批倒閉；石油行業(yè)整體效率低下；油價(jià)居高不下,漲多跌少,油荒持續(xù)存在；壟斷石油集團(tuán)高利潤(rùn)、高收入、高福利,行業(yè)收入差距增大；行政壟斷破壞社會(huì)公正等等。基于對(duì)上述危害的認(rèn)識(shí),第五章提出從區(qū)分壟斷性業(yè)務(wù)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性業(yè)務(wù)、引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制、提高政府機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)制效率等方面嘗試破除行政壟斷。
[Abstract]:The petroleum industry is a basic industry in the national economy, which plays a strong supporting role in the development of a country's social economy. From the founding of New China in 1949 to the establishment of China's petroleum industry system, China's petroleum industry has undergone a historical transformation from scratch to existence and from small to large. Especially since 1998, the government has implemented a series of reforms and reshuffles in the petroleum industry, with many achievements. However, the long-standing problems of low efficiency and monopoly in the petroleum industry have not changed, the market as the main body of resource allocation has not been established, and the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources has not been fully brought into play. Problems remain in the oil industry. For a long time, considering the scale economy effect of petroleum industry, many scholars think that petroleum industry belongs to natural monopoly industry. But in our country, the petroleum industry has been under the strict control of the government, which has been shaped and developed by the government. Many laws and regulations that hinder the government's promulgation and implementation of the petroleum industry and limit market competition constitute a system conducive to the formation of a monopoly, coupled with a series of restructuring and reforms carried out by the government in the oil industry from top to bottom. Therefore, the monopoly of petroleum industry has strong administrative monopoly color. At present, the research on the administrative monopoly of petroleum industry is rare and there are great differences. This paper makes a concrete analysis of the actual harm of the administrative monopoly of petroleum industry by using the method of literature research and comparative study. The first chapter mainly introduces the research background and significance, the second chapter combs the domestic and foreign research status, the third chapter analyzes the market structure of the petroleum industry, combined with the history of the oil industry and the formation process of the monopoly pattern. It is proved that the oligopoly in the petroleum industry belongs to the administrative monopoly in essence. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of the actual harm caused by the administrative monopoly in the petroleum industry, and proves that under the administrative monopoly, the market competition in the petroleum industry has been improperly restricted and excluded. The monopoly oil group's privilege expands unceasingly, the administrative power replaces the market allocation resources, causes the market to be distorted, the petroleum profession administrative monopoly has caused many harm, for example: the monopoly petroleum group management performance is low, lacks the international competitive power; Private oil enterprises are struggling and closing down in large numbers; the overall efficiency of the oil industry is low; the oil price is high, rising and falling little, the oil shortage is persistent; the monopoly oil group has high profit, high income, high welfare, and the income gap of the industry is increasing; Administrative monopoly undermines social justice and so on. Based on the understanding of the above harm, the fifth chapter proposes to try to break down the administrative monopoly from distinguishing monopoly business from competitive business, introducing competition mechanism, improving the efficiency of government regulation and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.22
本文編號(hào)：2412039
[Abstract]:The petroleum industry is a basic industry in the national economy, which plays a strong supporting role in the development of a country's social economy. From the founding of New China in 1949 to the establishment of China's petroleum industry system, China's petroleum industry has undergone a historical transformation from scratch to existence and from small to large. Especially since 1998, the government has implemented a series of reforms and reshuffles in the petroleum industry, with many achievements. However, the long-standing problems of low efficiency and monopoly in the petroleum industry have not changed, the market as the main body of resource allocation has not been established, and the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources has not been fully brought into play. Problems remain in the oil industry. For a long time, considering the scale economy effect of petroleum industry, many scholars think that petroleum industry belongs to natural monopoly industry. But in our country, the petroleum industry has been under the strict control of the government, which has been shaped and developed by the government. Many laws and regulations that hinder the government's promulgation and implementation of the petroleum industry and limit market competition constitute a system conducive to the formation of a monopoly, coupled with a series of restructuring and reforms carried out by the government in the oil industry from top to bottom. Therefore, the monopoly of petroleum industry has strong administrative monopoly color. At present, the research on the administrative monopoly of petroleum industry is rare and there are great differences. This paper makes a concrete analysis of the actual harm of the administrative monopoly of petroleum industry by using the method of literature research and comparative study. The first chapter mainly introduces the research background and significance, the second chapter combs the domestic and foreign research status, the third chapter analyzes the market structure of the petroleum industry, combined with the history of the oil industry and the formation process of the monopoly pattern. It is proved that the oligopoly in the petroleum industry belongs to the administrative monopoly in essence. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of the actual harm caused by the administrative monopoly in the petroleum industry, and proves that under the administrative monopoly, the market competition in the petroleum industry has been improperly restricted and excluded. The monopoly oil group's privilege expands unceasingly, the administrative power replaces the market allocation resources, causes the market to be distorted, the petroleum profession administrative monopoly has caused many harm, for example: the monopoly petroleum group management performance is low, lacks the international competitive power; Private oil enterprises are struggling and closing down in large numbers; the overall efficiency of the oil industry is low; the oil price is high, rising and falling little, the oil shortage is persistent; the monopoly oil group has high profit, high income, high welfare, and the income gap of the industry is increasing; Administrative monopoly undermines social justice and so on. Based on the understanding of the above harm, the fifth chapter proposes to try to break down the administrative monopoly from distinguishing monopoly business from competitive business, introducing competition mechanism, improving the efficiency of government regulation and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.22
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