【摘要】：中國(guó)是稀土資源較為豐富的國(guó)家之一,在進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來(lái),隨著中國(guó)成功加入世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO),中國(guó)稀土出口量激增,稀土產(chǎn)量占世界產(chǎn)量的95%以上。但是在這種情況下,中國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)卻在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)處于劣勢(shì)地位。本文擬在研究稀土本身價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上,著重從該產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)角度分析稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)所遇到的問(wèn)題,以及指出政府政策實(shí)施的弊端,深度剖析中國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè),給出合理的理論建議。 首先,了解稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,這是了解一個(gè)行業(yè)所必需的。國(guó)內(nèi)多數(shù)學(xué)者在涉及到稀土價(jià)值的時(shí)候往往通過(guò)考慮其出口價(jià)格低迷,以及缺失定價(jià)權(quán)等問(wèn)題。誠(chéng)然,這確實(shí)是該行業(yè)所遇到的棘手問(wèn)題,而在分析該行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值上更應(yīng)該根據(jù)這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的本質(zhì)研究。因?yàn)樗谟谄渌Y源性商品相比有很多的特別之處,包括其工業(yè)地位,復(fù)雜的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)等,只有通過(guò)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈定位在所需研究的環(huán)節(jié)上,我們才可以對(duì)于這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)有所認(rèn)識(shí),這是往后通過(guò)其他理論分析該產(chǎn)業(yè)問(wèn)題的前提。 其次,在稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的分析中,不再泛泛的以整個(gè)行業(yè)作為分析對(duì)象,而是根據(jù)已經(jīng)了解的稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上游作為研究的對(duì)象。在這個(gè)既定的市場(chǎng)中著重分析市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),因?yàn)樵谧髡呖磥?lái)這是所研究對(duì)象的核心問(wèn)題所在。通過(guò)分析壟斷與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),得出結(jié)論：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)是嚴(yán)重的資源耗竭型的。在目前階段,中國(guó)稀土開(kāi)采企業(yè)仍是雜亂無(wú)序的,市場(chǎng)集中度過(guò)低所導(dǎo)致的無(wú)序競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是我國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)表現(xiàn)軟弱無(wú)力的重要原因之一,在此鼓勵(lì)提高市場(chǎng)集中度,最優(yōu)的狀態(tài)是國(guó)家針對(duì)該產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)施單方壟斷。把市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題放在全球供應(yīng)鏈視角下,中國(guó)在資源性商品交易中處于劣勢(shì)地位,中國(guó)雖然提供幾乎壟斷的全球市場(chǎng)的供給卻沒(méi)有任何市場(chǎng)勢(shì)力。這與該行業(yè)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)以及行業(yè)內(nèi)企業(yè)的行為有著密切的聯(lián)系。 最后,分析政府產(chǎn)業(yè)政策所存在的弊端。在中國(guó),幾乎所有的硬性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或指標(biāo),都能被規(guī)制主體柔性的鉆空子,大大降低產(chǎn)業(yè)政策效果。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)下游應(yīng)用以及出口量確定稀土產(chǎn)量的具體額度是比較困難的,政府所確定的具體落實(shí)到企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)配額所實(shí)施的原因并沒(méi)有給予官方解釋,這就給了某些產(chǎn)量并沒(méi)有達(dá)到配額量的企業(yè)以可乘之機(jī)。中國(guó)目前仍然是政策導(dǎo)向型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,一個(gè)正確的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)于該產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的,尤其是本文所研究的稀土產(chǎn)業(yè),對(duì)于我國(guó)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的起步與發(fā)展,國(guó)家軍事國(guó)防事業(yè)等重要領(lǐng)域有著關(guān)鍵作用。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with abundant rare earth resources. Since entering the new century, China's rare earth export volume has increased rapidly with China's successful entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and its rare earth output accounts for more than 95 percent of the world's output. But in this case, China's rare earth industry is in a disadvantaged position in the international market. On the basis of studying the value of rare earth, this paper analyzes the problems of rare earth industry from the angle of market structure of the industry, points out the malpractice of government policy, and deeply analyzes the rare earth industry in China. Reasonable theoretical suggestions are given. First of all, understand the industrial chain of rare earth industry, which is necessary to understand an industry. When it comes to the value of rare earths, most domestic scholars often consider the low export price and the lack of pricing power. To be sure, this is a thorny problem for the industry, and it is more important to analyze the industry's value according to the nature of the industry. Because it has many special features compared with other resource-based commodities, including its industrial status, complex market structure, and so on. Only by positioning itself in the required links of research through the industrial chain, can we have a better understanding of this industry. This is the premise of future analysis of the industry through other theories. Secondly, in the analysis of the market structure of rare earth industry, the whole industry is no longer the object of analysis, but according to the understanding of the upstream of the rare earth industry chain as the research object. Emphasis is placed on market structure in this established market, as the author sees it as the core problem of the subject. By analyzing the market structure of monopoly and competition, it is concluded that the market structure of competition is serious resource depletion. At the present stage, the rare earth mining enterprises in China are still disorderly, and the disorderly competition caused by the low market concentration is one of the important reasons for the weakness of the rare earth industry in our country. In this context, we encourage the improvement of the market concentration. The optimal state is that the state monopolizes the industry unilaterally. From the perspective of global supply chain, China is in a disadvantaged position in the trading of resource commodities. Although China provides almost monopolized global market supply, it has no market power. This is closely related to the market structure of the industry and the behavior of enterprises within the industry. Finally, analyze the malpractice of government industrial policy. In China, almost all the rigid criteria or indicators can be regulated by the flexibility of the main hole, greatly reduce the effect of industrial policy. Because it is difficult to determine the specific amount of rare earth production through downstream application and export volume, the reasons why the government has determined the concrete implementation of the production quota for enterprises have not been given an official explanation. This gives some enterprises whose output does not meet the quota to take advantage of it. At present, China is still a policy-oriented economic development model. A correct industrial policy is crucial to the development of this industry and the economic development of related industries, especially the rare earth industry studied in this paper. It plays a key role in the starting and development of China's new industry, national military defense and other important fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.1

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