中國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)市場結(jié)構分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-11 13:37
【摘要】：中國是稀土資源較為豐富的國家之一,在進入新世紀以來,隨著中國成功加入世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO),中國稀土出口量激增,稀土產(chǎn)量占世界產(chǎn)量的95%以上。但是在這種情況下,中國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)卻在國際市場處于劣勢地位。本文擬在研究稀土本身價值的基礎上,著重從該產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場結(jié)構角度分析稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)所遇到的問題,以及指出政府政策實施的弊端,深度剖析中國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè),給出合理的理論建議。 首先,了解稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,這是了解一個行業(yè)所必需的。國內(nèi)多數(shù)學者在涉及到稀土價值的時候往往通過考慮其出口價格低迷,以及缺失定價權等問題。誠然,這確實是該行業(yè)所遇到的棘手問題,而在分析該行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)價值上更應該根據(jù)這個產(chǎn)業(yè)的本質(zhì)研究。因為它在于其他資源性商品相比有很多的特別之處,包括其工業(yè)地位,復雜的市場結(jié)構等,只有通過產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈定位在所需研究的環(huán)節(jié)上,我們才可以對于這個產(chǎn)業(yè)有所認識,這是往后通過其他理論分析該產(chǎn)業(yè)問題的前提。 其次,在稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)市場結(jié)構的分析中,不再泛泛的以整個行業(yè)作為分析對象,而是根據(jù)已經(jīng)了解的稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上游作為研究的對象。在這個既定的市場中著重分析市場結(jié)構,因為在作者看來這是所研究對象的核心問題所在。通過分析壟斷與競爭的市場結(jié)構,得出結(jié)論：競爭的市場結(jié)構是嚴重的資源耗竭型的。在目前階段,中國稀土開采企業(yè)仍是雜亂無序的,市場集中度過低所導致的無序競爭是我國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)表現(xiàn)軟弱無力的重要原因之一,在此鼓勵提高市場集中度,最優(yōu)的狀態(tài)是國家針對該產(chǎn)業(yè)實施單方壟斷。把市場結(jié)構問題放在全球供應鏈視角下,中國在資源性商品交易中處于劣勢地位,中國雖然提供幾乎壟斷的全球市場的供給卻沒有任何市場勢力。這與該行業(yè)市場結(jié)構以及行業(yè)內(nèi)企業(yè)的行為有著密切的聯(lián)系。 最后,分析政府產(chǎn)業(yè)政策所存在的弊端。在中國,幾乎所有的硬性標準或指標,都能被規(guī)制主體柔性的鉆空子,大大降低產(chǎn)業(yè)政策效果。因為通過下游應用以及出口量確定稀土產(chǎn)量的具體額度是比較困難的,政府所確定的具體落實到企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)配額所實施的原因并沒有給予官方解釋,這就給了某些產(chǎn)量并沒有達到配額量的企業(yè)以可乘之機。中國目前仍然是政策導向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式,一個正確的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對于該產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及相關產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是至關重要的,尤其是本文所研究的稀土產(chǎn)業(yè),對于我國新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的起步與發(fā)展,國家軍事國防事業(yè)等重要領域有著關鍵作用。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with abundant rare earth resources. Since entering the new century, China's rare earth export volume has increased rapidly with China's successful entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and its rare earth output accounts for more than 95 percent of the world's output. But in this case, China's rare earth industry is in a disadvantaged position in the international market. On the basis of studying the value of rare earth, this paper analyzes the problems of rare earth industry from the angle of market structure of the industry, points out the malpractice of government policy, and deeply analyzes the rare earth industry in China. Reasonable theoretical suggestions are given. First of all, understand the industrial chain of rare earth industry, which is necessary to understand an industry. When it comes to the value of rare earths, most domestic scholars often consider the low export price and the lack of pricing power. To be sure, this is a thorny problem for the industry, and it is more important to analyze the industry's value according to the nature of the industry. Because it has many special features compared with other resource-based commodities, including its industrial status, complex market structure, and so on. Only by positioning itself in the required links of research through the industrial chain, can we have a better understanding of this industry. This is the premise of future analysis of the industry through other theories. Secondly, in the analysis of the market structure of rare earth industry, the whole industry is no longer the object of analysis, but according to the understanding of the upstream of the rare earth industry chain as the research object. Emphasis is placed on market structure in this established market, as the author sees it as the core problem of the subject. By analyzing the market structure of monopoly and competition, it is concluded that the market structure of competition is serious resource depletion. At the present stage, the rare earth mining enterprises in China are still disorderly, and the disorderly competition caused by the low market concentration is one of the important reasons for the weakness of the rare earth industry in our country. In this context, we encourage the improvement of the market concentration. The optimal state is that the state monopolizes the industry unilaterally. From the perspective of global supply chain, China is in a disadvantaged position in the trading of resource commodities. Although China provides almost monopolized global market supply, it has no market power. This is closely related to the market structure of the industry and the behavior of enterprises within the industry. Finally, analyze the malpractice of government industrial policy. In China, almost all the rigid criteria or indicators can be regulated by the flexibility of the main hole, greatly reduce the effect of industrial policy. Because it is difficult to determine the specific amount of rare earth production through downstream application and export volume, the reasons why the government has determined the concrete implementation of the production quota for enterprises have not been given an official explanation. This gives some enterprises whose output does not meet the quota to take advantage of it. At present, China is still a policy-oriented economic development model. A correct industrial policy is crucial to the development of this industry and the economic development of related industries, especially the rare earth industry studied in this paper. It plays a key role in the starting and development of China's new industry, national military defense and other important fields.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.1
本文編號：2372642
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with abundant rare earth resources. Since entering the new century, China's rare earth export volume has increased rapidly with China's successful entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and its rare earth output accounts for more than 95 percent of the world's output. But in this case, China's rare earth industry is in a disadvantaged position in the international market. On the basis of studying the value of rare earth, this paper analyzes the problems of rare earth industry from the angle of market structure of the industry, points out the malpractice of government policy, and deeply analyzes the rare earth industry in China. Reasonable theoretical suggestions are given. First of all, understand the industrial chain of rare earth industry, which is necessary to understand an industry. When it comes to the value of rare earths, most domestic scholars often consider the low export price and the lack of pricing power. To be sure, this is a thorny problem for the industry, and it is more important to analyze the industry's value according to the nature of the industry. Because it has many special features compared with other resource-based commodities, including its industrial status, complex market structure, and so on. Only by positioning itself in the required links of research through the industrial chain, can we have a better understanding of this industry. This is the premise of future analysis of the industry through other theories. Secondly, in the analysis of the market structure of rare earth industry, the whole industry is no longer the object of analysis, but according to the understanding of the upstream of the rare earth industry chain as the research object. Emphasis is placed on market structure in this established market, as the author sees it as the core problem of the subject. By analyzing the market structure of monopoly and competition, it is concluded that the market structure of competition is serious resource depletion. At the present stage, the rare earth mining enterprises in China are still disorderly, and the disorderly competition caused by the low market concentration is one of the important reasons for the weakness of the rare earth industry in our country. In this context, we encourage the improvement of the market concentration. The optimal state is that the state monopolizes the industry unilaterally. From the perspective of global supply chain, China is in a disadvantaged position in the trading of resource commodities. Although China provides almost monopolized global market supply, it has no market power. This is closely related to the market structure of the industry and the behavior of enterprises within the industry. Finally, analyze the malpractice of government industrial policy. In China, almost all the rigid criteria or indicators can be regulated by the flexibility of the main hole, greatly reduce the effect of industrial policy. Because it is difficult to determine the specific amount of rare earth production through downstream application and export volume, the reasons why the government has determined the concrete implementation of the production quota for enterprises have not been given an official explanation. This gives some enterprises whose output does not meet the quota to take advantage of it. At present, China is still a policy-oriented economic development model. A correct industrial policy is crucial to the development of this industry and the economic development of related industries, especially the rare earth industry studied in this paper. It plays a key role in the starting and development of China's new industry, national military defense and other important fields.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.1
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