工資水平上升對我國制造業(yè)國際競爭力的影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-25 21:08
【摘要】：二十世紀九十年代以來，我國制造業(yè)高速發(fā)展，成為拉動國民經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的主要力量。目前，我國已經(jīng)逐漸發(fā)展成為工業(yè)制成品出口大國，很多制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量都位居世界前列，在國際市場上所占的份額也顯著提高，這主要得益于我國制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉。豐富而廉價的勞動力資源一直是我國制造業(yè)參與國際競爭的有利條件。這種勞動力成本低的比較優(yōu)勢一方面嚴重阻礙了技術(shù)進步以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級，另一方面也削弱了勞動者的生產(chǎn)積極性，影響勞動生產(chǎn)率的提高。 雖然，我國已經(jīng)成為制造業(yè)大國，但還沒有邁入制造業(yè)強國的行列，這主要是由于我國制造業(yè)仍然主要依靠勞動密集型行業(yè)的發(fā)展，而資本以及技術(shù)密集型行業(yè)、特別是高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展相對落后，制造業(yè)的科技創(chuàng)新能力不強，科技與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展脫節(jié)，這些都嚴重制約了我國制造業(yè)國際競爭力的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。近年來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展以及劉易斯轉(zhuǎn)折點的到來，工資水平上升已經(jīng)成為長期穩(wěn)定的趨勢，我國制造業(yè)勞動力成本低的比較優(yōu)勢也在逐漸消失。本文就是在這種背景下，研究如何在工資水平持續(xù)上升的同時，，繼續(xù)保持并提高我國制造業(yè)的國際競爭力。 本文首先對我國制造業(yè)的工資水平進行分析和趨勢預(yù)測，說明工資水平呈現(xiàn)長期穩(wěn)定的上升趨勢，同時，通過與其他國家的國際比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國制造業(yè)勞動力成本優(yōu)勢正在逐漸消失。其次，深入系統(tǒng)的分析了工資水平上升對制造業(yè)國際競爭力影響的作用機理，短期內(nèi)工資水平的上升主要通過帶動用工成本以及制成品價格的上漲影響制造業(yè)的國際競爭力；而從長期來看，工資水平的上升則會通過激勵員工、提高勞動者素質(zhì)以及促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級等途徑最終對制造業(yè)的國際競爭力產(chǎn)生正效應(yīng)。接著，通過搜集整理相關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，對近年來我國制造業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率、工業(yè)制成品出口增量以及出口結(jié)構(gòu)的變動情況進行經(jīng)驗實證分析，說明隨著工資水平的上升，我國制造業(yè)的勞動生產(chǎn)率有所提高，工業(yè)制成品的出口增量卻有所下降，勞動密集型產(chǎn)品占工業(yè)制成品出口總額的比重不斷縮小，取而代之的是資本以及技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品占工業(yè)制成品出口總額的比重不斷增大。國際比較的結(jié)果顯示，我國制造業(yè)的勞動生產(chǎn)率還處于較低水平，資本及技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品的國際市場占有率偏低，高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占制造業(yè)增加值的比重與發(fā)達國家相比還存在較大的差距，這些都說明我國制造業(yè)的國際競爭力還有待于進一步提高。最后，在全文研究結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上，提出在工資水平上升的背景下提高我國制造業(yè)國際競爭力的對策建議。
[Abstract]:Since 1990's, our manufacturing industry has developed rapidly and become the main force to promote the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. At present, China has gradually developed into a large export country of manufactured goods, and the output of many manufacturing products is in the forefront of the world, and its share in the international market has also increased significantly, which is mainly due to the high quality and low price of our manufacturing products. Abundant and cheap labor resources have always been the favorable conditions for our manufacturing industry to participate in international competition. On the one hand, this kind of comparative advantage of low labor cost seriously hinders the progress of technology and the upgrading of industrial structure, on the other hand, it weakens the productive enthusiasm of workers and affects the improvement of labor productivity. Although China has become a large manufacturing country, it has not yet stepped into the ranks of a manufacturing power. This is mainly because the manufacturing industry of our country still relies mainly on the development of labor-intensive industries, while capital and technology-intensive industries. Especially, the development of high-tech industry is relatively backward, the ability of scientific and technological innovation of manufacturing industry is not strong, and the development of science and technology is out of step with economic development, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the arrival of the turning point of Lewis, the rising wage level has become a long-term stable trend, and the comparative advantage of low labor cost of manufacturing industry in China is gradually disappearing. Under this background, this paper studies how to maintain and improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry while the wage level continues to rise. This paper first analyzes and forecasts the wage level of China's manufacturing industry, and shows that the wage level shows a long-term steady upward trend. At the same time, by comparing with other countries, it is found that, China's manufacturing labor cost advantage is gradually disappearing. Secondly, the mechanism of the effect of wage level rise on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry is analyzed systematically. In the short term, the rise of wage level mainly affects the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry by driving up the cost of employment and the price of finished goods. In the long run, the rise of wage level will ultimately have a positive effect on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry through encouraging employees, improving the quality of workers and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Then, by collecting and collating the relevant statistical data, the empirical analysis on the labor productivity, export increment of manufactured goods and the change of export structure in recent years in China shows that with the rise of wage level, The labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry has increased, while the increase in the export of manufactured goods has declined, and the proportion of labor-intensive products in the total exports of manufactured goods has been shrinking. Instead, capital and technology-intensive products account for a growing share of total manufactured exports. The results of international comparison show that the labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry is still at a relatively low level, and the share of capital and technology-intensive products in the international market is on the low side. Compared with developed countries, the proportion of added value of high-tech industry in manufacturing industry is still far from that of developed countries, which indicates that the international competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry needs to be further improved. Finally, on the basis of the conclusion of this paper, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry under the background of rising wage level are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.24;F424
[Abstract]:Since 1990's, our manufacturing industry has developed rapidly and become the main force to promote the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. At present, China has gradually developed into a large export country of manufactured goods, and the output of many manufacturing products is in the forefront of the world, and its share in the international market has also increased significantly, which is mainly due to the high quality and low price of our manufacturing products. Abundant and cheap labor resources have always been the favorable conditions for our manufacturing industry to participate in international competition. On the one hand, this kind of comparative advantage of low labor cost seriously hinders the progress of technology and the upgrading of industrial structure, on the other hand, it weakens the productive enthusiasm of workers and affects the improvement of labor productivity. Although China has become a large manufacturing country, it has not yet stepped into the ranks of a manufacturing power. This is mainly because the manufacturing industry of our country still relies mainly on the development of labor-intensive industries, while capital and technology-intensive industries. Especially, the development of high-tech industry is relatively backward, the ability of scientific and technological innovation of manufacturing industry is not strong, and the development of science and technology is out of step with economic development, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the arrival of the turning point of Lewis, the rising wage level has become a long-term stable trend, and the comparative advantage of low labor cost of manufacturing industry in China is gradually disappearing. Under this background, this paper studies how to maintain and improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry while the wage level continues to rise. This paper first analyzes and forecasts the wage level of China's manufacturing industry, and shows that the wage level shows a long-term steady upward trend. At the same time, by comparing with other countries, it is found that, China's manufacturing labor cost advantage is gradually disappearing. Secondly, the mechanism of the effect of wage level rise on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry is analyzed systematically. In the short term, the rise of wage level mainly affects the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry by driving up the cost of employment and the price of finished goods. In the long run, the rise of wage level will ultimately have a positive effect on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry through encouraging employees, improving the quality of workers and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Then, by collecting and collating the relevant statistical data, the empirical analysis on the labor productivity, export increment of manufactured goods and the change of export structure in recent years in China shows that with the rise of wage level, The labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry has increased, while the increase in the export of manufactured goods has declined, and the proportion of labor-intensive products in the total exports of manufactured goods has been shrinking. Instead, capital and technology-intensive products account for a growing share of total manufactured exports. The results of international comparison show that the labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry is still at a relatively low level, and the share of capital and technology-intensive products in the international market is on the low side. Compared with developed countries, the proportion of added value of high-tech industry in manufacturing industry is still far from that of developed countries, which indicates that the international competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry needs to be further improved. Finally, on the basis of the conclusion of this paper, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry under the background of rising wage level are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.24;F424
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 楊丹輝,侯民軍;中國工業(yè)制成品出口競爭力的實證分析[J];河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學學報;2003年06期
2 林玉倫;;中國制造業(yè)現(xiàn)狀與國際比較研究[J];華北電力大學學報(社會科學版);2010年03期
3 劉厚俊;王丹利;;勞動力成本上升對中國國際競爭比較優(yōu)勢的影響[J];世界經(jīng)濟研究;2011年03期
4 史清琪,張于U
本文編號：2294840
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/guanlilunwen/shengchanguanlilunwen/2294840.html
最近更新
教材專著
