中國微型汽車行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)組織的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 14:12
【摘要】：中國微型汽車行業(yè)是汽車工業(yè)的重要組成部分,80年代初期,隨著經(jīng)濟體制改革的深化,多數(shù)企業(yè)面臨產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,一些企業(yè)開始引進微型汽車產(chǎn)品,進行測繪仿制,生產(chǎn)微型貨車。1978年安徽淮海機械廠試制成功我國第一輛微型車。 經(jīng)過三十多年日新月異的發(fā)展,微型汽車行業(yè)已經(jīng)從我國汽車行業(yè)中“小字輩”成長為主力軍,占據(jù)著十分重要的市場地位。本論文從微型汽車定義探討出發(fā),運用產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論,研究中國微型汽車的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織、市場結(jié)構(gòu)、國際投資、產(chǎn)品差異化、產(chǎn)品生命周期等問題,并提出微型汽車行業(yè)續(xù)發(fā)展的判斷與行業(yè)發(fā)展建議。 論文先著重對微型汽車的定義進行了研究,回顧了中國微型汽車最初定義來歷以及隨后的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義、官方文件定義和行業(yè)協(xié)會定義的演變。到如今,對微型客車的稱謂已變成交叉型乘用車、短頭乘用車,屬于M1類；微型貨車,也可稱為輕型貨車,屬于N1類；而對它們的發(fā)達機排量則無明確規(guī)定。再運用產(chǎn)品生命周期理論對微型汽車總體發(fā)展情況進行了解讀,分別說明了歐洲微型汽車、日本微型汽車和韓國微型汽車的發(fā)展情況。微型汽車在歐洲已經(jīng)演變?yōu)镃DV、MPV;而日本和韓國的微車已經(jīng)延伸為MPV產(chǎn)品。并結(jié)合微型汽車的發(fā)展實證,預(yù)測微型汽車將在東南亞、南亞、非洲、拉丁等發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)進行普及與發(fā)展。 在微型汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展情況總體分析的基礎(chǔ)上,論文細致剖析它的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織與主要微型汽車企業(yè)的經(jīng)營情況。其中,產(chǎn)業(yè)組織分析先從微型汽車品牌情況、市場結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群、行業(yè)規(guī)模四個方面詳細說明了微型汽車規(guī)模經(jīng)濟；再從微型汽車兼并重組和產(chǎn)品差異化、市場進入壁壘進一步分析微型汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)組織特征。本文認為中國微型汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)組織呈現(xiàn)出以下特點：第一形成產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,經(jīng)過近三十年的發(fā)展,截止2013年,我國已形成了五大微型汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,包括重慶、柳州、華北、江浙皖以及東北老工業(yè)基地；第二,骨干企業(yè)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟性提高,成為提升我國微型汽車行業(yè)競爭力的中堅力量；第三,兼并重組既有跨地區(qū)的重組,也要跨所有制的重組；第四,產(chǎn)品差異程度有所提高,產(chǎn)品更新速度明顯加快。不過,行政性壁壘與規(guī)模經(jīng)濟壁壘任是我國汽車進入壁壘的主要形式。我國政府在兩個層面上對汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)實施嚴(yán)格的行政性進入限制。新企業(yè)在某一產(chǎn)業(yè)未能取得一定市場份額之前,由于不能充分享受規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的經(jīng)濟性,相對于產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)在位企業(yè)其生產(chǎn)成本必然較高,生存發(fā)展壓力巨大。另外,汽車行業(yè)也是技術(shù)密集型,新企業(yè)需要熟悉行業(yè)、掌握經(jīng)驗,吸收新的技術(shù)知識,才能聚集設(shè)計、制造、管理經(jīng)驗和雄厚的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力。學(xué)習(xí)曲線表現(xiàn)淋漓盡致。而就主要微型汽車企業(yè)的經(jīng)營情況看,微型汽車的經(jīng)營模式分成中中外合資、純國企、國企民企與純民企四大類。從2001-2012年,四大版塊的經(jīng)營情況實證,中中外合資與國企民企無疑是經(jīng)營模式的成功者。 綜合以上論述,論文認為“去微化”是微型汽車行業(yè)后續(xù)發(fā)展的大勢所趨,順應(yīng)趨勢促進行業(yè)發(fā)展,應(yīng)該建立微型汽車有效的定義和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),出臺支持微型汽車企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級及走出去戰(zhàn)略,推動企業(yè)橫向一體化以促進規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的建立與加快產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的建設(shè)。 論文創(chuàng)新點： 論文系統(tǒng)分析了中國微型汽車行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)組織,包括研究中國微型汽車的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織、市場結(jié)構(gòu)、國際投資、產(chǎn)品差異化、產(chǎn)品生命周期等問題,并提出微型汽車行業(yè)后續(xù)發(fā)展的判斷與思考有積極意義。
[Abstract]:China's mini-car industry is an important part of the automotive industry. In the early 1980s, with the deepening of economic restructuring, most enterprises faced with product restructuring. Some enterprises began to import mini-car products, carry out mapping imitation, and produce mini-trucks. In 1978, Anhui Huaihai Machinery Factory successfully trial-produced the first mini-car in China.
After more than 30 years of rapid development, the mini-car industry has grown from the "small generation" in China's automotive industry as the main force, occupying a very important market position.This paper discusses the definition of mini-car, using the theory of industrial organization, studies the industrial organization, market structure, international investment, and products of China's mini-car industry. Differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and put forward the judgment of mini-car industry sustainable development and industry development proposals.
This paper first focuses on the definition of mini-car, reviews the origin of the original definition of mini-car in China and the subsequent standard definition, the official document definition and the evolution of the industry association definition. The development of mini-cars in Europe, Japan and South Korea is explained respectively by using the theory of product life cycle. And South Korea's micro-car has been extended to MPV products. Combined with the development of micro-car empirical, it is predicted that micro-car will be popularized and developed in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Latin and other developing countries and regions.
On the basis of the overall analysis of the development of the mini-car industry, this paper analyzes its industrial organization and the operation of the main mini-car enterprises in detail. This paper argues that China's mini-car industrial organization has the following characteristics: First, the formation of industrial clusters, after nearly 30 years of development, by 2013, China has formed five major mini-car industrial clusters, including Chongqing, Liu. State, North China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces and the Northeast Old Industrial Bases; Second, the improvement of the scale economy of the backbone enterprises has become the backbone to enhance the competitiveness of China's mini-car industry; Third, mergers and reorganizations have cross-regional reorganization, but also cross-ownership reorganization; Fourth, the degree of product differences has been improved, the speed of product renewal has been significantly accelerated. However, administrative barriers and scale economic barriers are the main forms of barriers to entry of automobiles in China. The Chinese government imposes strict administrative entry restrictions on the automobile industry at two levels. In addition, the automotive industry is also technology-intensive, new enterprises need to be familiar with the industry, master experience, absorb new technical knowledge, in order to gather design, manufacturing, management experience and strong product development capabilities. Learning curve is vivid. From 2001 to 2012, the operation of the four major sectors of the empirical, Sino-foreign joint ventures and state-owned enterprises are undoubtedly the success of the business model.
To sum up the above discussion, the paper holds that "de-micronization" is the general trend of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry. To conform to the trend and promote the development of the mini-car industry, it is necessary to establish an effective definition and standard of mini-car, introduce a strategy to support the transformation and upgrading of mini-car enterprises and go out, and promote the horizontal integration of enterprises to promote the establishment and addition of economies of scale. The construction of fast industrial clusters.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper systematically analyzes the industrial organization of China's mini-car industry, including the industrial organization of China's mini-car, market structure, international investment, product differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and puts forward the judgment and thinking of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.471
本文編號：2209622
[Abstract]:China's mini-car industry is an important part of the automotive industry. In the early 1980s, with the deepening of economic restructuring, most enterprises faced with product restructuring. Some enterprises began to import mini-car products, carry out mapping imitation, and produce mini-trucks. In 1978, Anhui Huaihai Machinery Factory successfully trial-produced the first mini-car in China.
After more than 30 years of rapid development, the mini-car industry has grown from the "small generation" in China's automotive industry as the main force, occupying a very important market position.This paper discusses the definition of mini-car, using the theory of industrial organization, studies the industrial organization, market structure, international investment, and products of China's mini-car industry. Differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and put forward the judgment of mini-car industry sustainable development and industry development proposals.
This paper first focuses on the definition of mini-car, reviews the origin of the original definition of mini-car in China and the subsequent standard definition, the official document definition and the evolution of the industry association definition. The development of mini-cars in Europe, Japan and South Korea is explained respectively by using the theory of product life cycle. And South Korea's micro-car has been extended to MPV products. Combined with the development of micro-car empirical, it is predicted that micro-car will be popularized and developed in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Latin and other developing countries and regions.
On the basis of the overall analysis of the development of the mini-car industry, this paper analyzes its industrial organization and the operation of the main mini-car enterprises in detail. This paper argues that China's mini-car industrial organization has the following characteristics: First, the formation of industrial clusters, after nearly 30 years of development, by 2013, China has formed five major mini-car industrial clusters, including Chongqing, Liu. State, North China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces and the Northeast Old Industrial Bases; Second, the improvement of the scale economy of the backbone enterprises has become the backbone to enhance the competitiveness of China's mini-car industry; Third, mergers and reorganizations have cross-regional reorganization, but also cross-ownership reorganization; Fourth, the degree of product differences has been improved, the speed of product renewal has been significantly accelerated. However, administrative barriers and scale economic barriers are the main forms of barriers to entry of automobiles in China. The Chinese government imposes strict administrative entry restrictions on the automobile industry at two levels. In addition, the automotive industry is also technology-intensive, new enterprises need to be familiar with the industry, master experience, absorb new technical knowledge, in order to gather design, manufacturing, management experience and strong product development capabilities. Learning curve is vivid. From 2001 to 2012, the operation of the four major sectors of the empirical, Sino-foreign joint ventures and state-owned enterprises are undoubtedly the success of the business model.
To sum up the above discussion, the paper holds that "de-micronization" is the general trend of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry. To conform to the trend and promote the development of the mini-car industry, it is necessary to establish an effective definition and standard of mini-car, introduce a strategy to support the transformation and upgrading of mini-car enterprises and go out, and promote the horizontal integration of enterprises to promote the establishment and addition of economies of scale. The construction of fast industrial clusters.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper systematically analyzes the industrial organization of China's mini-car industry, including the industrial organization of China's mini-car, market structure, international investment, product differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and puts forward the judgment and thinking of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.471
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