【摘要】：全球能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境問題日益突出,新能源取代傳統(tǒng)化石能源已成為世界可持續(xù)發(fā)展大趨勢。與煤、石油等常規(guī)的化石能源不同,風(fēng)能屬于可再生能源,不存在枯竭的問題,而且它分布廣泛、蘊(yùn)含能量巨大。對新能源的開發(fā)利用,特別是對風(fēng)能的開發(fā)利用,儼然受到世界各國的高度重視,成為其重要的戰(zhàn)略選擇。歐洲、美國和印度是全球風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要推動(dòng)者,當(dāng)前全球風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)已出現(xiàn)席卷全球的發(fā)展態(tài)勢,風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)不僅能夠產(chǎn)生明顯的社會(huì)效益,同時(shí)也帶來了各種經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前,我國常規(guī)能源所面臨的短缺困境,使我國開發(fā)可再生能源、走能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路成為歷史的必然。風(fēng)能作為最有開發(fā)利用前景和技術(shù)最成熟的一種新型可再生能源,在減緩氣候異常問題、提高國家能源安全、促進(jìn)低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等方面具有重要戰(zhàn)略意義,在很大程度上緩解我國的能源短缺狀況。盡管我國風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展起步較晚,但發(fā)展速度較快,2011年躍為世界風(fēng)電裝機(jī)第一大國和新增裝機(jī)量第一大國。這些成就的取得離不開過去幾年我國對可再生能源開發(fā)力度的加大和重視。風(fēng)力發(fā)電“十二五”規(guī)劃的出臺(tái),再次向各界展示了國家堅(jiān)定不移加快推進(jìn)風(fēng)電發(fā)展的決心�？梢灶A(yù)見,在我國電力結(jié)構(gòu)中,風(fēng)電將成為占據(jù)越來越重要的地位。但同時(shí)我們也應(yīng)該清醒認(rèn)識(shí)到,我國風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展也存在著開發(fā)利用成本高、市場化進(jìn)程緩慢、缺乏核心技術(shù)、自主研發(fā)能力薄弱、評(píng)價(jià)認(rèn)證體系缺乏、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不完善以及政策法規(guī)滯后等一系列問題,這些問題的存在嚴(yán)重制約我國風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。本文從國際視角出發(fā),全面分析了德國、美國、丹麥、荷蘭等國家的風(fēng)能發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及政策支持,得出一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)與啟示。認(rèn)為,要提高我國風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平,走“綠色發(fā)展、循環(huán)發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展”之路,針對風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)觀念,強(qiáng)化新能源建設(shè)；注重科技研發(fā),突破技術(shù)瓶頸；拓寬融資渠道,增強(qiáng)風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)融資能力等。在政策創(chuàng)新上,應(yīng)引進(jìn)風(fēng)能配額制度,建立風(fēng)能證書交易市場；同時(shí),加強(qiáng)區(qū)域和國際合作,確保風(fēng)能源產(chǎn)業(yè)安全。
[Abstract]:Global energy crisis and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, new energy to replace traditional fossil energy has become a major trend of sustainable development in the world. Unlike conventional fossil energy, such as coal and petroleum, wind energy is a renewable energy, and there is no problem of depletion, and it is widely distributed and contains huge energy. The development and utilization of new energy, especially wind energy, has been attached great importance to by countries all over the world, and has become an important strategic choice. Europe, the United States and India are the main promoters of the global wind power industry. At present, the global wind power industry has been sweeping the global development trend, wind power industry can not only produce obvious social benefits, but also bring a variety of economic benefits. At present, the shortage of conventional energy makes it a historical necessity for China to develop renewable energy and take the path of sustainable energy development. Wind energy, as a new type of renewable energy with the most development and utilization prospect and the most mature technology, has important strategic significance in alleviating the abnormal climate problem, improving the national energy security, promoting the economic development of low-carbon industry, and so on. To a large extent, to alleviate the energy shortage in China. Although the development of wind energy industry in China started late, the speed of development was fast. In 2011, it became the first country of wind power installed in the world and the largest country in terms of new installed capacity. These achievements can not be separated from the development of renewable energy in China in the past few years. The introduction of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Wind Power has once again demonstrated the determination of the country to speed up the development of wind power. It can be predicted that wind power will play a more and more important role in the electric power structure of our country. But at the same time, we should also be aware that the development of wind energy industry in China also has high cost of development and utilization, slow process of marketization, lack of core technology, weak independent R & D capability, and lack of evaluation and certification system. A series of problems, such as imperfect industrial development and lagging policies and regulations, have seriously restricted the further development of wind energy industry in China. From the international perspective, this paper comprehensively analyzes the current situation and policy support of wind energy development in Germany, the United States, Denmark, the Netherlands and other countries, and obtains some experiences and revelations. In order to improve the development level of wind energy industry in China, we should take the road of "green development, circular development, low carbon development". In view of the development of wind energy industry, we should change the traditional concept, strengthen the construction of new energy, pay attention to scientific and technological research and development, and break through the technical bottleneck. Widen financing channel, strengthen wind energy industry financing ability and so on. In the policy innovation, we should introduce the wind energy quota system, establish the wind energy certificate trading market, at the same time, strengthen the regional and international cooperation to ensure the safety of wind energy industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61

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