【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,能源作為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要原材料,同勞動(dòng)力、資本等生產(chǎn)要素一樣,已成為當(dāng)今世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)性戰(zhàn)略資源。近十多年來,中國處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的急劇推進(jìn)時(shí)期,這帶動(dòng)了化工、電力、石油加工、有色金屬等高耗能工業(yè)行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展。截至2011年底,我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值是2000年的近4.77倍。事實(shí)上,正是這些重型化工業(yè)的發(fā)展,才支撐了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)幾十年來的高速增長。但是,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長主要依靠高投入、高消耗、高污染的粗放型模式,造成能源利用率低、污染嚴(yán)重,能源需求出現(xiàn)迅速增加的態(tài)勢,這對(duì)節(jié)能減排造成了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。 內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)作為能源大省,近十年來經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)了高速增長的趨勢。2011年底的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)總值是2000年的約14.7倍,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長和能源的高消耗是密切相關(guān)的。由于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理等問題導(dǎo)致能源消耗越來越嚴(yán)重,能源利用效率越來越低下,從而在一定程度上阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。因此,提高能源利用效率是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要途徑。 本文以內(nèi)蒙古30個(gè)工業(yè)行業(yè)為研究對(duì)象,利用2000—2011年各行業(yè)的面板數(shù)據(jù),采取DEA效率評(píng)價(jià)方法測算并分析了各行業(yè)的能源效率及節(jié)能潛力。通過構(gòu)建Tobit回歸模型,測算了各指標(biāo)對(duì)能源效率的影響程度。超效率DEA結(jié)果表明,30個(gè)工業(yè)行業(yè)的平均能源效率呈先上升后下降的趨勢,考察期內(nèi)工業(yè)行業(yè)間的能源效率差異呈波動(dòng)的態(tài)勢。由DEA節(jié)能潛力計(jì)算結(jié)果看,采礦業(yè)的節(jié)能潛力較大且呈增長趨勢。由聚類分析將30個(gè)行業(yè)分為4大類,能源效率較高的行業(yè)有通信設(shè)備、計(jì)算機(jī)及其他電子設(shè)備制造業(yè),石油和天然氣開采業(yè)。在影響能源效率的因素中,工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和資本深化對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)能源效率有正向作用且顯著,其中工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)能源效率的影響程度較大；能源價(jià)格對(duì)能源效率有負(fù)向作用且顯著。這說明增加重工業(yè)比重、提高人均資本量和降低能源價(jià)格有利于提高內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)能源利用效率。最后,本文提出了發(fā)展內(nèi)蒙古煤電產(chǎn)業(yè),同時(shí)有效引導(dǎo)輕工業(yè)行業(yè)等建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, energy, as an important raw material in industrial production, has become an important basic strategic resource for the development of the world economy, like labor force, capital and other factors of production. In recent ten years, China is in the period of industrialization and urbanization, which has driven the rapid development of chemical industry, electric power, petroleum processing, non-ferrous metals and other energy-consuming industries. By the end of 2011, China's GDP was nearly 4.77 times of 2000. In fact, it is these heavy-duty industries that underpin China's rapid economic growth for decades. However, economic growth mainly depends on the extensive pattern of high input, high consumption and high pollution, which results in low utilization of energy, serious pollution and rapid increase of energy demand, which poses a severe challenge to energy conservation and emission reduction. As a big energy province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region has seen a trend of rapid economic growth in the past decade. The gross industrial product at the end of 2011 is about 14.7 times of that in 2000, but the rapid economic growth is closely related to the high consumption of energy. Due to unreasonable industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure, energy consumption becomes more and more serious, and energy use efficiency is becoming more and more low, thus hindering the rapid development of economy to a certain extent. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of energy use is a necessary way to achieve sustainable development. Based on the panel data of 30 industries in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2011, the energy efficiency and energy saving potential of each industry are calculated and analyzed by using DEA efficiency evaluation method. By constructing Tobit regression model, the influence of each index on energy efficiency is calculated. The results of superefficiency DEA showed that the average energy efficiency of 30 industrial industries increased first and then decreased, and the difference of energy efficiency among industrial industries fluctuated during the investigation period. According to the calculation results of DEA energy saving potential, the energy saving potential of mining industry is large and increasing. By cluster analysis, 30 industries are divided into 4 categories. The industries with high energy efficiency include communications equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing, oil and gas mining. Among the factors affecting energy efficiency, industrial structure and capital deepening have a positive and significant effect on industrial energy efficiency in Inner Mongolia, among which industrial structure has a greater impact on energy efficiency, and energy price has a negative and significant effect on energy efficiency. This shows that increasing the proportion of heavy industry, increasing per capita capital and lowering energy prices are conducive to improving the efficiency of industrial energy utilization in Inner Mongolia. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions for developing coal and electricity industry in Inner Mongolia and guiding light industry effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F426.2

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