【摘要】：太陽能是未來能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要組成部分。本世紀(jì)以來，隨著光伏技術(shù)的日漸成熟和世界光伏市場的蓬勃發(fā)展，我國光伏企業(yè)進(jìn)入了快速成長期。然而，歐美“雙反”的貿(mào)易保護(hù)措施使“兩頭在外”又缺乏核心技術(shù)的我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)遭受到一次近乎致命的沖擊。現(xiàn)階段，盡快找到度過危機的有效策略關(guān)系到我國光伏企業(yè)的生存與發(fā)展。與此同時，越來越多的光伏企業(yè)迫于當(dāng)前危機引發(fā)的研發(fā)市場和產(chǎn)品市場的雙重壓力，進(jìn)行了縱向研發(fā)合作，其策略特征以及所獲取的參與競爭的有利條件，對我國光伏企業(yè)在危機中提升技術(shù)水平和市場競爭優(yōu)勢有重要參考價值。 本文運用產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論和博弈論等分析工具，結(jié)合案例對我國光伏企業(yè)縱向研發(fā)合作進(jìn)行了深入地分析。分別從技術(shù)壁壘、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟和市場集中度三個維度分析了我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)上、中、下游的市場結(jié)構(gòu)，從合作動機、影響因素及策略三個視野分析了我國光伏企業(yè)縱向研發(fā)合作的行為特征，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，對上、中游和中、下游企業(yè)的縱向研發(fā)合作進(jìn)行博弈分析，結(jié)合均衡結(jié)果辨析出其行為特征給企業(yè)帶來的利益整合和矛盾沖突。研究認(rèn)為現(xiàn)階段我國光伏企業(yè)在縱向研發(fā)合作過程中把縱向工藝創(chuàng)新與差別供貨和差別定價的產(chǎn)品市場策略有機地結(jié)合起來的方式，可形成互惠互利的合作機制，，有助于企業(yè)有效應(yīng)對當(dāng)前市場的創(chuàng)新和交易風(fēng)險，并獲取穩(wěn)定利潤。這種合作機制不僅能降低交易風(fēng)險、提高創(chuàng)新效率，即對上、中游企業(yè)來說，降低了原材料研發(fā)的高投入和人力、設(shè)備資產(chǎn)專用所帶來的研發(fā)和交易風(fēng)險，對中、下游企業(yè)來說，降低了新工藝太陽電池量產(chǎn)過程中的交易風(fēng)險。而且能通過降低中間產(chǎn)品成本，提高合作成員企業(yè)的凈利潤和產(chǎn)品需求量。研究還認(rèn)為我國光伏企業(yè)在縱向研發(fā)合作過程中，對合作組織規(guī)模的分歧最大。應(yīng)注重合作目標(biāo)一致性，采用符合量產(chǎn)規(guī)律的供貨與符合學(xué)習(xí)曲線的定價的組合策略，只有這樣，方能減小合作中討價還價的交易成本，提升縱向研發(fā)合作的效能。 最后，本文還指出，我國光伏企業(yè)應(yīng)從長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的視角來關(guān)注合作中面臨的風(fēng)險和挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is an important part of the future energy structure. Since this century, with the maturation of photovoltaic technology and the vigorous development of the world photovoltaic market, Chinese photovoltaic enterprises have entered a rapid growth period. However, the trade protection measures in Europe and the United States make the photovoltaic industry in China, which lacks the core technology, suffer a near fatal impact. At present, finding effective strategies to overcome the crisis as soon as possible is related to the survival and development of photovoltaic enterprises in China. At the same time, more and more photovoltaic enterprises, under the double pressure of R & D market and product market caused by the current crisis, have carried out vertical R & D cooperation, their strategic characteristics and the favorable conditions to participate in the competition. It has important reference value for the photovoltaic enterprises in our country to improve the technology level and the market competitive advantage in the crisis. In this paper, the vertical R & D cooperation of photovoltaic enterprises in China is deeply analyzed by using industry organization theory and game theory. From three dimensions of technical barrier, scale economy and market concentration, the paper analyzes the market structure of photovoltaic industry in China, from the motive of cooperation. This paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics of vertical R & D cooperation among photovoltaic enterprises in China from the perspective of influencing factors and strategies, and on this basis, analyzes the vertical R & D cooperation of enterprises in the upper, middle, middle and lower reaches by game analysis. Combined with the equilibrium result, the paper analyzes the benefit integration and conflict brought by the behavior characteristics of the enterprise. It is believed that in the process of vertical R & D cooperation, Chinese photovoltaic enterprises can form a mutually beneficial cooperation mechanism by organically combining vertical process innovation with product market strategy of differential supply and differential pricing. It is helpful for enterprises to deal with the innovation and transaction risk of current market effectively, and to gain stable profits. This kind of cooperation mechanism can not only reduce the transaction risk and improve the innovation efficiency, but also reduce the high investment and manpower of raw material R & D and the risk of R & D and transaction brought by the equipment assets. Downstream enterprises, reduce the new process of solar cell production process trading risk. Moreover, the net profit and product demand of cooperative member enterprises can be increased by reducing the cost of intermediate products. In the process of vertical R & D cooperation, photovoltaic enterprises in China have the biggest differences on the scale of cooperative organizations. We should pay attention to the consistency of cooperation objectives and adopt the combination strategy of supply according to the law of mass production and pricing in accordance with the learning curve. Only in this way can we reduce the transaction cost of bargaining in cooperation and enhance the efficiency of vertical R & D cooperation. Finally, this paper also points out that Chinese photovoltaic enterprises should pay attention to the risks and challenges in the cooperation from the perspective of long-term development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F273.1;F426.61

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