發(fā)布時間：2018-02-22 19:08

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工 制造業(yè) 貿(mào)易附加值 貿(mào)易利益　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的全球化發(fā)展,國際分工層次逐漸深入,產(chǎn)品價值鏈呈現(xiàn)出全球化和國際性特征,國際分工已經(jīng)從原來的產(chǎn)業(yè)間分工進化到產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程中的工序和區(qū)段,形成產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工模式,這種分工模式打破了原有的貿(mào)易格局,引起了貿(mào)易利益的重新分配。我國自改革開放以來,對外貿(mào)易取得了飛速發(fā)展,而且我國正在以加工貿(mào)易作為參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的重要途徑融入全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。在這一背景下,我國制造業(yè)是否獲得了與貿(mào)易額相稱的貿(mào)易利益?通過對制造業(yè)真實貿(mào)易利益進行評估,有助于我們正確認識這一問題。本文首先沿著國際分工模式演變的脈絡(luò),對國內(nèi)外的貿(mào)易利益的相關(guān)研究進行了梳理,重點綜述了產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工下貿(mào)易利益的相關(guān)文獻。由于傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易理論已經(jīng)不能很好解釋產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工下的貿(mào)易利益,所以文章在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易理論的基礎(chǔ)上進行擴展,闡釋了產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工貿(mào)易利益的來源、貿(mào)易利益的變動因素,并從四種不同的市場結(jié)構(gòu)對利益分配機制進行了分析,指出選用附加值指標對貿(mào)易利益進行評估。測算了我國制造業(yè)的參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的程度,得出我國制造業(yè)的垂直專業(yè)化指數(shù)基本呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,尤其是電氣和機械光學(xué)設(shè)備制造業(yè)參與分工的程度越來越深。在國際投入產(chǎn)出表基礎(chǔ)上建立貿(mào)易附加值的核算模型,利用WIOD數(shù)據(jù)庫對我國制造業(yè)的靜態(tài)貿(mào)易利益進行測算,同時對動態(tài)貿(mào)易利益進行實證分析,結(jié)果顯示:從制造業(yè)靜態(tài)貿(mào)易利益看,我國制造業(yè)獲得的實際貿(mào)易利益并不如表面上那么多。按技術(shù)類別來講,中高和高技術(shù)制造業(yè)行業(yè)雖然貿(mào)易利益的絕對值較高,但其真實的貿(mào)易利得的相對值較低;按細分行業(yè)來講,電氣和機械光學(xué)設(shè)備制造業(yè)雖然貿(mào)易附加值最大,但附加值的相對值不高,而食品、飲料制造及煙草業(yè)雖然貿(mào)易附加值并不突出,但貿(mào)易附加值率位列前茅,這說明我國制造業(yè)更多承擔(dān)的是勞動密集型的加工組裝環(huán)節(jié),掌握的核心技術(shù)不多。從動態(tài)貿(mào)易利益來看,在產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工體系下,我國制造業(yè)出口能夠促進制造業(yè)的行業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率、就業(yè)率、技術(shù)進步,其中,貿(mào)易對制造業(yè)就業(yè)產(chǎn)生的動態(tài)效應(yīng)最大,對勞動生產(chǎn)率的動態(tài)效應(yīng)居中,對制造業(yè)技術(shù)進步的動態(tài)效應(yīng)最小。最后,根據(jù)理論分析和實證研究結(jié)果,對我國的制造業(yè)貿(mào)易提出了發(fā)揮比較優(yōu)勢、引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚、優(yōu)化市場結(jié)構(gòu)、加大科研投入、促進轉(zhuǎn)型升級等一系列政策建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, the international division of labor goes deeper and deeper. The product value chain presents the characteristics of globalization and internationality. The international division of labor has evolved from the original division of labor between industries to the processes and sections in the process of product production. The intra-product division of labor has broken the original trade pattern and caused the redistribution of trade benefits. Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has made rapid development. Moreover, China is taking processing trade as an important way to participate in the intra-product division of labor into the global production network system. Under this background, does China's manufacturing industry obtain trade benefits commensurate with the volume of trade? By evaluating the real trade interests of manufacturing industry, it is helpful for us to understand this problem correctly. Firstly, according to the evolution of the international division of labor model, this paper sorts out the relevant research on trade interests at home and abroad. This paper mainly summarizes the relevant documents on trade interests under intra-product division of labor. Since the traditional trade theory can no longer explain the trade benefits under intra-product division of labor, the article expands on the basis of traditional trade theory. This paper explains the origin of intra-product division of trade benefits, the factors of change of trade benefits, and analyzes the mechanism of benefit distribution from four different market structures. It is pointed out that the value added index is selected to evaluate the trade benefits, and the degree of participation in intra-product division of labor in China's manufacturing industry is calculated, and the vertical specialization index of Chinese manufacturing industry is found to be on the rise. In particular, the electrical and mechanical optical equipment manufacturing industry is participating in the division of labor more and more deeply. Based on the international input-output table, the accounting model of trade added value is established, and the static trade benefits of China's manufacturing industry are measured by using WIOD database. At the same time, the empirical analysis of dynamic trade benefits shows that the actual trade benefits of China's manufacturing industry are not as much as on the surface from the point of view of the static trade interests of the manufacturing industry. Although the absolute value of trade benefits is higher in the medium-high and high-tech manufacturing industries, the relative value of their true trade gains is relatively low; the electrical and mechanical optical equipment manufacturing industries, although the largest value added in trade, by subdivision, But the relative value of added value is not high. Although the value added of food, beverage and tobacco is not outstanding, the rate of added value of trade is among the highest. This shows that the manufacturing industry in our country undertakes more labor-intensive processing and assembly links. From the point of view of dynamic trade interests, under the intra-product division of labor system, China's manufacturing exports can promote the manufacturing industry labor productivity, employment rate, technological progress, among which, The dynamic effect of trade on manufacturing employment is the largest, the dynamic effect on labor productivity is in the middle, and the dynamic effect on the technological progress of manufacturing industry is the least. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis and empirical research results, This paper puts forward a series of policy suggestions for China's manufacturing trade, such as giving full play to its comparative advantages, guiding industrial agglomeration, optimizing market structure, increasing scientific research investment and promoting transformation and upgrading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F424;F752.6

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