本文關(guān)鍵詞： 新疆 民族手工業(yè) 少數(shù)民族　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)具有濃厚的地方民族特色和傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)。20世紀(jì)50年代以來,在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和新疆地方政府的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,經(jīng)過各族人民的努力,新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)得到了迅速的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展。 1949年以前,新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)主要以家庭手工業(yè)形式進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),生產(chǎn)力水平低。20世紀(jì)50—70年代,民族手工業(yè)經(jīng)過社會(huì)主義改造,實(shí)現(xiàn)了手工業(yè)的合作化,各民族地區(qū)建立了大量的民族特需用品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)。1978年后,經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革成為新疆民族手工業(yè)集體企業(yè)發(fā)展的主線。個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)逐漸興起,手工業(yè)發(fā)生了現(xiàn)代化的轉(zhuǎn)變,生產(chǎn)組織開始向規(guī)模化方向發(fā)展,形成了許多民族特色手工業(yè)制造基地；部分民族手工業(yè)產(chǎn)品由民用生活用品向民族手工藝品和旅游紀(jì)念品轉(zhuǎn)變。20世紀(jì)50年代以來,新疆民族手工業(yè)不僅滿足了各族人民的生產(chǎn)、生活需要,而且成為少數(shù)民族群眾增加收入,提高生活水平的一個(gè)重要途徑。各民族地區(qū)建立了大量的民族特需用品生產(chǎn)企業(yè),這些企業(yè)為促進(jìn)少數(shù)民族經(jīng)濟(jì)文化,發(fā)揮了重要的推進(jìn)作用。 20世紀(jì)50年代以來新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)的發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出一些特征。為滿足各族人民在生活方面的不同需要,新疆少數(shù)民族形成了獨(dú)具本民族特色的手工業(yè)行業(yè)和產(chǎn)品,使民族手工業(yè)產(chǎn)品具有顯著的民族性和地方性。在生產(chǎn)方式上,新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)表現(xiàn)為傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代相結(jié)合的特征。在消費(fèi)模式上,民族手工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的主要消費(fèi)模式為自產(chǎn)自銷,消費(fèi)對(duì)象以本地區(qū)、本民族居民為主。 20世紀(jì)50年代以來新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)在取得成就的同時(shí)也存在手工業(yè)集體所有制企業(yè)不能完全適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì),個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)規(guī)模小,效益低,傳統(tǒng)手工技藝瀕臨滅絕等問題。這些問題已成為影響新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的主要障礙。反思20世紀(jì)50年代以來新疆少數(shù)民族手工業(yè)變遷的歷史,可以認(rèn)識(shí)到,新疆民族手工業(yè)的發(fā)展首先要依賴中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的各項(xiàng)政策,只有在黨和國(guó)家的各項(xiàng)正確方針政策指導(dǎo)下,民族手工業(yè)才能健康發(fā)展。改革是新疆民族手工業(yè)集體企業(yè)發(fā)展的根本出路,對(duì)于民族個(gè)體手工業(yè)要加快轉(zhuǎn)變其生產(chǎn)方式。同時(shí),將新疆民族手工藝文化作為一種產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)來發(fā)展,不僅能獲得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,還能使新疆民族傳統(tǒng)手工藝文化得到保護(hù)、發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has strong local national characteristics and traditional production characteristics. Since 50s, under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China and the local government of Xinjiang, through the efforts of the people of all ethnic groups, The handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has been rapidly restored and developed. Before 1949, the handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang was mainly produced in the form of family handicraft. The productivity level was low. In the 50-70 's of the 20th century, the national handicraft industry underwent socialist transformation and realized the cooperative transformation of handicraft industry. Since 1978, the reform of the economic system has become the main line of the development of the ethnic handicraft collective enterprises in Xinjiang. With the modernization of handicraft industry, the production organization began to develop in the direction of scale, forming a lot of national characteristic handicraft manufacturing base. Since 50s of the 20th century, the Xinjiang ethnic handicraft industry has not only satisfied the production and living needs of the people of all ethnic groups, Moreover, it has become an important way for the minority people to increase their income and improve their living standards. In various ethnic areas, a large number of enterprises have been established to produce special supplies for ethnic minorities, which are aimed at promoting the economic and cultural development of ethnic minorities. Played an important role in promoting. Since 1950s, the development of handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has shown some characteristics. In order to meet the different needs of the people of all ethnic groups in life, the ethnic minorities in Xinjiang have formed handicraft industries and products with their own national characteristics. In terms of production mode, the production of handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang is characterized by the combination of tradition and modernity. The main consumption pattern of national handicraft products is self-production and self-marketing. Since 1950s, the handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has made achievements, and at the same time, there are also some enterprises under collective ownership of handicraft industry which can not fully adapt to the market economy. The artisanal industries operated by themselves are small in scale and low in efficiency. Traditional handicraft techniques are on the verge of extinction. These problems have become the main obstacles to the further development of the handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang. Reflecting on the history of the changes of handicraft industry in Xinjiang since 1950s, we can realize that, The development of Xinjiang's ethnic handicraft industry depends first on the policies of the Communist Party of China, and only under the guidance of the correct principles and policies of the Party and the state. Only the national handicraft industry can develop healthily. Reform is the fundamental way out for the development of the national handicraft collective enterprises in Xinjiang. At the same time, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of the mode of production of the national handicraft industry. The development of Xinjiang national handicraft culture as an industrial and economic advantage can not only obtain good economic benefits, but also protect and develop Xinjiang national traditional handicraft culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F429;K27

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 仲應(yīng)學(xué);新疆手工業(yè)概述[J];新疆地方志;1992年03期

2 伊明江·阿不都熱依木;;維吾爾族傳統(tǒng)手工藝文化資源的保護(hù)與傳承[J];新疆藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：1510634