本文選題：社會網(wǎng)絡 + 災后小微企業(yè)��； 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：“5·12汶川大地震”對嚴重損壞了災區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,很多企業(yè)被迫停產(chǎn),農(nóng)村土地等資源破壞受損,大量從業(yè)人員失業(yè)等。災后重建中,災區(qū)利用當?shù)氐拿褡逦幕�、當�(shù)靥厣扔欣Y源,將民族特色推向了市場,推動了旅游服務業(yè)的發(fā)展。眾多與旅游業(yè)相關的餐飲住宿業(yè)、民族工藝品等行業(yè)逐漸發(fā)展壯大。這不僅有利于當?shù)厝俗灾骶蜆I(yè)、解決當?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)問題,也推動了災區(qū)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。藉由災區(qū)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展和政府出臺的關于災后創(chuàng)業(yè)的政策優(yōu)勢,與旅游業(yè)相關的小微企業(yè)迅速發(fā)展起來。由于小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)進入門檻低、規(guī)模小、競爭力相對較弱,災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者更多地是靠自己的社會網(wǎng)絡發(fā)展企業(yè)。研究社會網(wǎng)絡對災后小微型企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響,有助于災后創(chuàng)業(yè)者能更好地利用自身的社會網(wǎng)絡自主創(chuàng)業(yè),提高創(chuàng)業(yè)績效,從而實現(xiàn)自身的再就業(yè),以及當?shù)厥I(yè)城鄉(xiāng)勞動者的再就業(yè)。 本研究采用問卷調(diào)查法收集樣本數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合案例研究法分析社會網(wǎng)絡對災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響機制。問卷調(diào)查的樣本選取的標準為：①于2008年5月12日后成立的企業(yè)；②滿足本研究界定的小微企業(yè)；③調(diào)查對象必須位于“5·12汶川大地震”受災區(qū)。樣本的完成方式是：在汶川、廣元、映秀、都江堰四個受災地區(qū)實地調(diào)研,總共獲得有效問卷104份。本研究正是從創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡出發(fā),以創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中的機會識別和資源獲取為中間變量,研究社會網(wǎng)絡對災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響機制。圍繞這一研究問題,本文通過文獻分析法、案例研究法和統(tǒng)計分析法對研究問題進行深入探討。本研究分析了創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡特征、創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡對災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)過程、創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡對災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效、災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)過程對創(chuàng)業(yè)績效之間的影響機制。本研究的主要結(jié)論包括以下方面： 第一,探討災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡的特征。災后小微企業(yè)所屬行業(yè)主要集中在餐飲業(yè)、住宿業(yè)、零售業(yè)三個行業(yè),小微企業(yè)的員工人數(shù)主要在6人以下。小微企業(yè)的營業(yè)收入大多數(shù)在50萬以內(nèi),其中,主要以家庭式作坊和個體工商戶為主。小微企業(yè)利用自身社會網(wǎng)絡解決問題的規(guī)模主要在“10人以下”,其中,“3人及以下”占48.4%。小微企業(yè)社會網(wǎng)絡主要表現(xiàn)在與親戚朋友的關系網(wǎng)絡,樣本數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中,小微企業(yè)未曾利用過與非營利組織和客戶的關系網(wǎng)絡進行創(chuàng)業(yè)。但是小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)案例顯示,小微企業(yè)社會網(wǎng)絡關系對象不僅包含親戚、朋友、政府、同行,還包括非營利組織和客戶,這說明災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者利用了社會網(wǎng)絡的多樣性。 第二,探討社會網(wǎng)絡對創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響模型。由于政府對災區(qū)的生活、經(jīng)濟、文化等做了一系列規(guī)劃,為災區(qū)大量發(fā)展與旅游業(yè)相關的產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了條件,比如,農(nóng)家樂、餐飲業(yè)、住宿業(yè)等。同時,政府鼓勵有創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的人進行創(chuàng)業(yè),并對災區(qū)的提供了有利于當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè),比如種植特產(chǎn)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等。災后創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡中,親戚朋友、非營利組織、同行等會給小微企業(yè)提供創(chuàng)業(yè)機會、資金支持等,從而影響小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效。社會網(wǎng)絡對小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響是顯著的。就災后小微企業(yè)而言,創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡的結(jié)構特性主要是指網(wǎng)絡中心度和網(wǎng)絡規(guī)模,關系特性是指交往頻率、親密程度和互惠交換。創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的度量包括企業(yè)收入和盈利水平、市場份額、技術創(chuàng)新和企業(yè)知名度。在創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡影響創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的過程中,結(jié)構特性和關系特性發(fā)揮著關鍵作用。創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡的關系特性影響災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中的機會識別和資源獲取階段。 本文的主要研究創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)在以下四個方面：第一,筆者對小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡特征、價值進行探討,能夠深入闡述災后小微企業(yè)社會網(wǎng)絡的價值。第二,研究社會網(wǎng)絡對災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者創(chuàng)業(yè)績效影響機制,有助于進一步理解社會網(wǎng)絡對創(chuàng)業(yè)過程、創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的重要作用,這能讓讀者理解災后創(chuàng)業(yè)者如何建立有利于自身創(chuàng)業(yè)的社會網(wǎng)絡,提高創(chuàng)業(yè)績效。第三,建立社會網(wǎng)絡就是讓災后小微企業(yè)擁有適當數(shù)量的社會關系,并且能夠保持適當?shù)慕煌l度,并能用于提供諸多的社會功能。第四,本研究結(jié)合災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡的特征,將社會學中的社會網(wǎng)絡理論應用于小微企業(yè)企業(yè)社會網(wǎng)絡維度研究中,并對災后小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡特征、創(chuàng)業(yè)者社會網(wǎng)絡對創(chuàng)業(yè)過程以及創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響機制進行實證分析。
[Abstract]:"5. 12 Wenchuan earthquake" seriously damaged the economic development of the disaster area, many enterprises were forced to stop production, rural land and other resources were destroyed and damaged, and a large number of employees were unemployed. In the post disaster reconstruction, the disaster areas used the local national culture, local characteristics and other favorable resources to push the national characteristics to the market and promote the development of tourism service industry. The catering and accommodation industry related to tourism, ethnic crafts and other industries have gradually developed. This is not only conducive to local people's independent employment, to solve local employment problems, but also to promote the development of the disaster area economy. By the development of tourism industry in the disaster area and the government's policy advantage on post disaster entrepreneurship, the small micro enterprises related to tourism industry are fast. Since small and micro enterprises have low threshold, small scale and relatively weak competitiveness, small and micro enterprise entrepreneurs are more based on their own social networks. The study of the impact of social networks on the entrepreneurial performance of small and micro enterprises after disaster helps the entrepreneurs to make better use of their own social network autonomy. Entrepreneurship, improve entrepreneurial performance, so as to achieve their own re employment, as well as local unemployed urban and rural workers re employment.
This study adopts the questionnaire survey method to collect sample data, and combines the case study method to analyze the impact mechanism of social network on the entrepreneurial performance of small and micro enterprises after the disaster. The sample selection criteria are: (1) the enterprise established after May 12, 2008; secondly to meet the small micro enterprises defined by this research; 3. The survey object must be located in "5" 12 Wenchuan earthquake "affected areas. The completion of the sample is: in Wenchuan, Guangyuan, Yingxiu, Dujiangyan, four affected areas of the field investigation, a total of 104 effective questionnaires. This study is starting from the entrepreneurs' social network, the opportunity identification and resource acquisition in the entrepreneurial process as an intermediate variable, research social network to the post disaster small micro The impact mechanism of enterprise entrepreneurial performance is discussed in this paper. The research issues are discussed in this paper through literature analysis, case study and statistical analysis. This study analyzes the social network characteristics of entrepreneurs, the entrepreneurial social network for small and micro enterprises after the disaster, the social network of entrepreneurs to the small and micro enterprises after the disaster. The main conclusions of this study include the following:
First, the characteristics of the social network for the entrepreneurs of small and micro enterprises after disaster are discussed. The industry of small and micro enterprises is mainly concentrated in the catering industry, the accommodation industry, and the retail industry in three industries. The number of employees in small and micro enterprises is mainly below 6. The business income of small and micro enterprises is mostly within 500 thousand, of which, the family workshop and individual business households are the main ones. Main. Small and micro enterprises use their own social network to solve the problem mainly in the scale of "less than 10", of which "3 people and below" accounts for the social network of 48.4%. small and micro enterprises mainly in the relationship network with relatives and friends. Sample data show that in the process of entrepreneurship, small and micro enterprises have not used the relationship network with non-profit organizations and customers. The small and micro enterprise business case shows that the social network relationships of small and micro enterprises include not only relatives, friends, government, peers, but also non-profit organizations and customers, which means that small and micro entrepreneurs use the diversity of social networks after disaster.
Second, discuss the impact model of social network on entrepreneurial performance. Because the government has made a series of plans for the life, economy, culture and so on in the disaster area, it provides a lot of conditions for the development of tourism related industries, such as farming, catering, accommodation, etc. at the same time, the government encourages the people who have the willing to start a business, and to the disaster area. In the social network of post disaster entrepreneurs, relatives, friends, non-profit organizations, and peers will provide entrepreneurial opportunities and fund support to small and micro enterprises, which will affect the performance of small and micro enterprises. The social network has a significant impact on the performance of small and micro enterprises. As far as small and micro enterprises are concerned, the structural characteristics of entrepreneurs' social networks mainly refer to the degree of network centrality and the scale of the network. The relationship characteristic refers to the frequency of communication, the degree of intimacy and the reciprocal exchange. The measurement of entrepreneurial performance includes the income and profit level of the enterprise, the market share, the innovation of the technology and the reputation of the enterprise. In the process of industry performance, structural characteristics and relationship characteristics play a key role. The relationship characteristics of entrepreneurs' social networks affect the opportunity identification and resource acquisition stage in the process of post disaster small and micro enterprises' entrepreneurship.
The main research innovation in this paper is shown in the following four aspects: first, the author discusses the social network characteristics of small and micro enterprise entrepreneurs and the value of the social network after disaster. Second, the study of the impact mechanism of social network on the entrepreneurial performance of small and micro enterprises after the disaster is helpful to further understand the society. The network will play an important role in the process of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial performance, which enables readers to understand how entrepreneurs build social networks that are conducive to their own business and improve their performance. Third, the establishment of a social network is to make small and micro enterprises have the appropriate number of social relations, and to maintain appropriate frequency of communication, and can be used to promote the development of the social network. For many social functions. Fourth, this study combines the characteristics of the social network of small and micro enterprise entrepreneurs after disaster, and applies social network theory in sociology to the study of the social network dimension of small and micro enterprises, and the social network characteristics of the entrepreneurs of small and micro enterprises after the disaster, the shadow of the entrepreneurial social network on the entrepreneurial process and the performance of the entrepreneurial performance. An empirical analysis of the sound mechanism is carried out.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F272.5;F276.3

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