本文選題：電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ) + 電子政府構(gòu)建�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：正在經(jīng)歷發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的電子政府，如何拓展自身的空間，增強(qiáng)對(duì)政府改革的適應(yīng)性，并尋找深層次的發(fā)展動(dòng)力，已經(jīng)成為廣為關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。由于信息技術(shù)泛在性的增強(qiáng)，虛擬空間已經(jīng)成為信息時(shí)代人們生活和工作的難以脫離的環(huán)境和背景，電子政府構(gòu)建逐漸超越了技術(shù)導(dǎo)向的初級(jí)階段，正在進(jìn)入以深化應(yīng)用和服務(wù)、推動(dòng)整體性治理、促進(jìn)民主參與等為主要特征的新的發(fā)展階段，在這過程中，與技術(shù)條件的日益成熟和技術(shù)界限的漸趨消彌相一致，技術(shù)變遷對(duì)于電子政府構(gòu)建的作用日益呈現(xiàn)出邊際效用遞減的趨勢(shì)，電子政府構(gòu)建應(yīng)與政府改革協(xié)同進(jìn)行，成為理論界的一個(gè)共識(shí)。 以往的電子政府研究，關(guān)注的是電子政府對(duì)于政府管理變遷的促進(jìn)作用，而往往忽視了政府對(duì)電子政府構(gòu)建的反作用，包括理念、結(jié)構(gòu)和制度等方面的制約和限制作用。雖然也有學(xué)者提出電子政府需要政府進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性變革，但又忽視了這種適應(yīng)性變革與信息技術(shù)和行政網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的關(guān)聯(lián)性，而失去了電子政府構(gòu)建相對(duì)于其他政府改革的獨(dú)特性。還有部分學(xué)者關(guān)注到政治、政策和管理等方面因素對(duì)電子政府構(gòu)建的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)電子政府構(gòu)建需要政府提供必要的組織、制度、技術(shù)和社會(huì)等方面的前提條件，但相關(guān)的論述往往是簡(jiǎn)單的、零散的和碎片化的。這樣的研究取向，都缺乏對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的解釋力和對(duì)于未來發(fā)展的預(yù)見性與指導(dǎo)性。 本文認(rèn)為，電子政府構(gòu)建是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的綜合性問題，或者說本質(zhì)上是政治和管理的問題。電子政府構(gòu)建與政府變革之間存在著一種內(nèi)在關(guān)系和必然聯(lián)系，而不僅僅是應(yīng)然的或者是偶然的聯(lián)系。政府是電子政府構(gòu)建的行為主體，但政府應(yīng)如何支撐電子政府構(gòu)建，又是如何在公共行政系統(tǒng)和行政生態(tài)環(huán)境的互動(dòng)模式下發(fā)揮作用，這無疑是電子政府構(gòu)建與政府改革相結(jié)合的關(guān)鍵。這樣，必須采取“互動(dòng)式”的研究，把政府對(duì)于電子政府構(gòu)建的反作用和建構(gòu)作用作為核心和主線，使相關(guān)的影響因素和制度建構(gòu)要求成為一條貫穿于電子政府構(gòu)建與政府改革之間聯(lián)系的紐帶，以此來把握電子政府的政府治理變遷的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)和現(xiàn)實(shí)要求。 在這樣的意義下提出本文的核心觀點(diǎn)：電子政府的政府治理是信息技術(shù)的本質(zhì)特征、信息技術(shù)范式與先進(jìn)的政府治理理念內(nèi)嵌融合的治理模式。針對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)政府向電子政府轉(zhuǎn)化的過程中遇到的“公共悖論”式的“行政難題”，政府自身需要不斷地實(shí)施適應(yīng)性的和建構(gòu)性的變革，這種在變革中形成的動(dòng)態(tài)變化的政府理念、結(jié)構(gòu)、制度、流程和文化，以及它們之間彼此關(guān)聯(lián)、相互作用構(gòu)成的治理模式和運(yùn)行方式，可以稱之為電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)。電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)是一個(gè)新的概念，它意蘊(yùn)了有關(guān)電子政府構(gòu)建的新的理念方法，其基本屬性是目的性與工具性的統(tǒng)一，，現(xiàn)實(shí)性與未來性的統(tǒng)一，趨同性與多元性的統(tǒng)一。就本質(zhì)而言，電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)是信息技術(shù)在政府管理中有效應(yīng)用的原則需求，是信息技術(shù)范式影響和滲透下形成的一種新的政府治理模式。在理論建構(gòu)的意義上，電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)是一個(gè)與理想中的電子政府相對(duì)應(yīng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)政府管理的特定模式。在變革性的意義上，電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)是政府應(yīng)采取何種理念和方法推進(jìn)電子政府構(gòu)建與公共管理變遷融合互動(dòng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的政府治理的現(xiàn)實(shí)關(guān)懷，它體現(xiàn)了信息技術(shù)的革命性特征和潛在能力，反映在實(shí)踐層面上表現(xiàn)為政府管理的改革和創(chuàng)新。而全球化背景下公共行政的趨同性和各國(guó)為電子政府準(zhǔn)備的起始條件的不同，又決定了各國(guó)為電子政府構(gòu)建建構(gòu)的政府基礎(chǔ)體現(xiàn)出趨同性與多元性的統(tǒng)一。 在對(duì)電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)概念屬性分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文建立了它的理論框架和實(shí)踐模式。理論框架包括組成要素、結(jié)構(gòu)模型和系統(tǒng)模型三個(gè)部分。組成要素主要包括六個(gè)方面因素：網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和分散化的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)；協(xié)作參與的組織管理和科學(xué)化民主化的組織決策方式；以公民為中心和結(jié)果導(dǎo)向的政務(wù)流程設(shè)計(jì)；整體性的績(jī)效管理和廣泛監(jiān)督下的行政問責(zé)；全程可追蹤式的信息管理和戰(zhàn)略的信息技術(shù)治理；知識(shí)型的公務(wù)人員和崇尚服務(wù)精神的行政文化。結(jié)構(gòu)模型展示了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)的組成要素之間的層次關(guān)系和互動(dòng)關(guān)系。系統(tǒng)模型分別從作為影響因素構(gòu)成、作為行政系統(tǒng)內(nèi)容和作為變革策略實(shí)施的三個(gè)不同方面建構(gòu)了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)系模型、功能模型和作用模型，說明了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)與電子政府構(gòu)建的其他條件，與公共行政系統(tǒng)，以及與電子政府策略和政府改革策略之間重要的關(guān)系與互動(dòng)。 實(shí)踐模式呈現(xiàn)了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境、基本策略、以及可供選擇的組合式的實(shí)踐模式�，F(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境是電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的依據(jù)，需要綜合考慮組織模式的基本特征及其變革走向，電子政府構(gòu)建的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，以及行政文化、政治環(huán)境、社會(huì)資本等多種因素�；静呗詫�(duì)應(yīng)的是電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)的組成要素，包括以積極的態(tài)度推進(jìn)組織形式和權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化與重組、構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)化治理的治理模式、實(shí)現(xiàn)電子政務(wù)與政府業(yè)務(wù)流程再造的一體化、運(yùn)用靈活的控制和監(jiān)督方式、建立完整的電子政府組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和運(yùn)行體系、鼓勵(lì)并培育科技領(lǐng)先和知識(shí)管理的行政文化等六個(gè)方面的十七項(xiàng)策略原則。這些策略原則提供了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的策略選擇的框架和方法遵循�？晒┻x擇的組合的實(shí)踐模式則從不同國(guó)家或地區(qū)政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境的差異性的角度，建立了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的階段論和演進(jìn)路徑，表現(xiàn)為從面向公共服務(wù)的實(shí)踐模式到基于行政改革的實(shí)踐模式，再到適應(yīng)民主發(fā)展的實(shí)踐模式的依次展開和遞進(jìn)的建構(gòu)路徑。 電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理作為論文的最后一部分，解決了對(duì)實(shí)踐中政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)可能遇到或潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的治理問題。不同準(zhǔn)備條件與政府基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)實(shí)任務(wù)的關(guān)系解釋了政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成因。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素關(guān)于電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、技術(shù)、文化和政策等六個(gè)方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析建構(gòu)了完整的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析框架。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別、度量和應(yīng)對(duì)措施，以及治理機(jī)制提供了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的基本方法和制度模式。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理路徑與選擇從電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的路徑分析入手，提出了自上而下、自下而上、自中間而上下的三條風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理路徑，并通過電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的路徑與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的路徑之間的關(guān)系，以及政治意愿、制度環(huán)境和文化模式等因素在路徑選擇中的影響，提供了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理路徑的選擇方法。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理模型展示了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的四個(gè)組成部分之間相互作用的關(guān)系，形成了完整的程序方法和制度體系。 從概念屬性到理論框架、實(shí)踐模式，再到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理，本文建立了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)的理論體系，這不僅是提出了一個(gè)新的概念，也圍繞這一概念完成了一個(gè)較為完整的理論論證。盡管許多學(xué)者的研究結(jié)論已經(jīng)涉及了電子政府構(gòu)建的政府條件，但本文的研究首次對(duì)這一問題予以概念化、系統(tǒng)化的論述，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電子政府構(gòu)建的方法論上的轉(zhuǎn)向，即聚集于政府本身對(duì)于電子政府構(gòu)建的影響，以此來分析電子政府構(gòu)建的約束和限制條件及其成因和解決方法，因?yàn)槲┯腥绱瞬拍軌蚪忉岆娮诱畼?gòu)建尚未取得公眾所期望的成功的原因，并為其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供必要的理論和方法指導(dǎo)。電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)并不存在一勞永逸的模式，技術(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)化特征和公共行政理念和方法的不斷更新，使得電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)，不僅要滿足電子政府構(gòu)建的需要，而且要滿足政府改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要。電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)正如電子政府構(gòu)建與政府改革之間的連接區(qū)域，可以不斷地調(diào)整因?yàn)樾畔⒓夹g(shù)進(jìn)步、政府改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的發(fā)展變量，增強(qiáng)電子政府構(gòu)建對(duì)于政府改革的支持作用和對(duì)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力。電子政府構(gòu)建的政府基礎(chǔ)，超越了工具論、技術(shù)論、服務(wù)論和簡(jiǎn)單的改革論的范疇，為電子政府理念的概念化闡釋做出貢獻(xiàn)，也為電子政府實(shí)踐的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展謀求必要的政治推動(dòng)和管理變革方面的支持提供了理論支撐。
[Abstract]:The electronic government, which is undergoing the development and transformation, has become a hot issue of wide concern. The virtual space has become a difficult environment for people to live and work in the information age because of the enhancement of information technology. Background, the construction of electronic government has gradually surpassed the primary stage of technology orientation. It is entering a new stage of development with the main characteristics of deepening the application and service, promoting the holistic governance and promoting democratic participation. In this process, the technological change is consistent with the growing maturity of technical conditions and the gradual elimination of the technical limit, and the technological change is to the electronic administration. The role of government building is increasingly showing the trend of diminishing marginal utility. The construction of e-government should be coordinated with government reform, thus becoming a consensus in the theoretical field.
The previous research on electronic government is concerned with the role of the electronic government in promoting the change of government management, and often neglects the government's counteraction to the construction of electronic government, including the constraints and restrictions on the concept, structure and system. Although some scholars have proposed that the government needs the government to carry out adaptable change, but it has ignored it. The relevance of this kind of adaptation to the information technology and the administrative network environment has lost the uniqueness of the electronic government construction relative to the other government reforms. Some scholars pay attention to the influence of the factors such as politics, policy and management on the construction of the electronic government, emphasizing the need for the government to provide the necessary organization and system for the construction of the e-government. The precondition of technical and social aspects, but the related treatise is often simple, scattered and fragmented. Such research orientation lacks the explanatory power to the reality and the foresight and guidance for the future development.
This article holds that the construction of electronic government is a complex and comprehensive question, or in essence it is a question of politics and management. There is an inherent relationship and an inevitable connection between the construction of electronic government and the change of the government, not only the deserved or accidental connection. The government is the subject of the electronic government's construction, but the government should How to support the construction of the electronic government and how to play its role in the interactive mode of the public administration system and the administrative ecological environment is undoubtedly the key to the combination of the construction of the electronic government and the government reform. The main line makes the related factors and system construction requirements a link which runs through the connection between the electronic government construction and the government reform, in order to grasp the intrinsic nature and the practical requirements of the government governance changes.
In this sense, the core point of this paper is put forward: the government governance of the electronic government is the essential feature of the information technology, the integration of the information technology paradigm and the advanced government governance concept, and the "public paradox" in the process of the transformation of the traditional government to the electronic government, the "administrative problem", the government It needs to carry out adaptable and constructivist changes, such as the dynamic change of government concept, structure, system, process and culture in the change, and the governance model and operation mode of their interrelation and interaction, which can be called the government foundation of the electronic government. The foundation of the government is a new concept, which connotations the new concept and method about the construction of the electronic government. Its basic attributes are the unity of purpose and tool, the unification of the reality and the future, the unification of the convergence and the pluralism. In essence, the government foundation of the electronic government is the effective application of information technology in the government management. The principle demand is a new government governance model under the influence and infiltration of the information technology paradigm. In the sense of theoretical construction, the government foundation of the electronic government is a specific mode of real government management corresponding to the ideal electronic government. In a transformative sense, the government foundation of the electronic government is the government's government. What kind of ideas and methods the government should adopt to promote the integration and interaction of electronic government and public management in order to achieve better government governance, it embodies the revolutionary characteristics and potential ability of information technology, reflecting the reform and innovation of government management at the practical level. And the trend of public administration under the globalization background. The difference in the starting conditions for the preparation of the electronic government by the same sex and the other countries also determines the unity of the homosexual and pluralistic of the government's foundation for the construction of the electronic government.
On the basis of the analysis of the concept attribute of the government's basic concept constructed by the electronic government, this paper establishes its theoretical framework and practice mode. The theoretical framework includes three parts: components, structural models and system models. The main elements include six factors: the networking structure and the decentralized power structure; the collaboration reference. Organizational decision-making methods for organizational management and scientific democratization; a civic centered and result oriented government process design; overall performance management and extensive supervision of administrative accountability; traceable information management and strategic information technology governance throughout the course; a knowledge-based official and a service advocating service. The structural model shows the hierarchical and interactive relationship between the elements of the government foundation built by the electronic government. The system model constructs the relationship model of the government foundation of the electronic government as the content of the administrative system and the three different aspects of the implementation of the reform strategy. The model and action model illustrate the important relationship and interaction between the government foundation of the electronic government and the other conditions constructed by the electronic government, the public administration system, the electronic government strategy and the government reform strategy.
The practice model presents the realistic environment, the basic strategy and the combination mode of practice that the E-government has built. The realistic environment is the basis of the government infrastructure construction by the electronic government. It needs to consider the basic characteristics of the organization model and its change trend, and the status and development of the electronic government construction. The strategy, as well as the administrative culture, the political environment, the social capital and so on. The basic strategy corresponds to the component elements of the government foundation built by the electronic government, including the optimization and reorganization of the organizational form and power structure by the positive attitude, the construction of the governance model of the networked governance, and the realization of the reengineering of the e-government and the government business process. Integration, the use of flexible control and supervision, the establishment of a complete electronic government organization leadership and operation system, encouraging and cultivating the seventeen strategic principles of six aspects, such as scientific and technological leadership and knowledge management, which provide the framework for the strategic choice of the government's infrastructure construction by the electronic government. The practical model of the optional combination has established the stage theory and evolution path of the government infrastructure construction constructed by the electronic government from the perspective of the difference of the real environment of the government infrastructure construction in different countries or regions. It is shown from the practice mode of public service oriented to the practice mode based on Administrative reform, and then to the adaptation. The path of the development of democratic development in turn and progressive.
As the last part of the paper, the risk management of the government infrastructure construction by the electronic government has solved the problem of the possible or potential risk of government infrastructure construction in practice. The relationship between the different preparation conditions and the realistic task of the government foundation explains the causes of the risk of the government's infrastructure construction. The risk factors are about the electronic government. The risk analysis of the six aspects of the political, economic, social, technical, cultural and policy aspects of the government's infrastructure construction has constructed a complete framework of risk analysis. Risk identification, measurement and response measures, and the governance mechanism provide the basic and institutional model of risk governance. The path of risk governance and choice from the e-government system. Starting with the path analysis of infrastructure construction, it puts forward three risk management paths from top to bottom, bottom-up, from middle and up and down, and the relationship between the path of government infrastructure construction by electronic government and the path of risk management, as well as the influence of political will, institutional environment and cultural mode on the path selection. The risk governance model shows the interaction between the four components of risk governance, and forms a complete procedural and institutional system.
From the concept attribute to the theoretical framework, the practice model and the risk management, this paper establishes the theoretical system of the government foundation constructed by the electronic government. This is not only a new concept, but also a complete theoretical demonstration around this concept. Although many scholars' research conclusions have been involved in the construction of electronic government. For the first time, the study of this problem is conceptualized and systematized to realize the methodological change in the construction of electronic government, that is, the influence of the government itself on the construction of the electronic government, in order to analyze the constraints and restrictions on the construction of the electronic government and its causes and solutions. This can explain the reason that the electronic government has not yet achieved the expected success of the public and provides the necessary theoretical and methodological guidance for its further development. The government foundation built by the electronic government does not exist once and for all, the dynamic characteristics of the technology and the continuous renewal of the ideas and methods of public administration, making the electronic administration. The government foundation of the government is not only to meet the needs of the electronic government, but also to meet the needs of the government reform and economic and social development. The government foundation built by the electronic government, just as the connection area between the electronic government construction and the government reform, can be constantly adjusted because of the progress of information technology, the reform of government and the economic and social development. The development variables are created to enhance the support and adaptability of the electronic government to the government reform and the information network environment. The government foundation built by the electronic government has surpassed the scope of the tool theory, technology, service theory and simple reform theory, contributing to the conceptual interpretation of the electronic government, and also for the electronic government. The further development of practice provides theoretical support for the necessary political support and management reform support.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D63

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