本文選題：政府購(gòu)買(mǎi) + 公共　； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)是一種新興事物，為政府提供公共服務(wù)開(kāi)辟了一條全新的途徑，上世紀(jì)以來(lái)已被眾多國(guó)家政府所采用，推動(dòng)了政府提高公共服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)的提升。政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)服務(wù)作為一種公共服務(wù)的供給方式，，其實(shí)是利用政府財(cái)政向各領(lǐng)域社會(huì)組織購(gòu)買(mǎi)用于提高社會(huì)福利的公共服務(wù)，整個(gè)購(gòu)買(mǎi)過(guò)程中體現(xiàn)出的是“政府出資、定向購(gòu)買(mǎi)、契約管理、評(píng)估兌現(xiàn)”。政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)服務(wù)最早起源于西方國(guó)家的社會(huì)福利制度方面的改革，是一種在新公共管理和服務(wù)型政府相關(guān)理念基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)政府公共服務(wù)職能的重新定位和解讀，是一種將競(jìng)爭(zhēng)引入公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，在服務(wù)供給機(jī)制上引入市場(chǎng)和合作概念的一種思路和途徑。通過(guò)分析政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)服務(wù)的過(guò)程，可以很明顯的看到成本最優(yōu)和質(zhì)量最優(yōu)的成效。 近年來(lái)，政府向購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)在我國(guó)也呈現(xiàn)一種茁壯成長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)，在養(yǎng)老服務(wù)、就業(yè)培訓(xùn)、殘疾人服務(wù)及其他專(zhuān)業(yè)公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域得到較為普遍的運(yùn)用，在促進(jìn)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變、提高公共服務(wù)的質(zhì)量效率以及培育發(fā)展社會(huì)組織等方面，發(fā)揮了積極作用，但實(shí)踐過(guò)程中相應(yīng)地、也是不可避免地出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題和不足。本文在新公共服務(wù)、委托代理、公共治理理論、公共產(chǎn)品和政府失靈理論的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)的涵義、范圍、形式等要素進(jìn)行研究和分析。介紹了美國(guó)、英國(guó)、日本等西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家政府和溫州、上海等國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)達(dá)城市政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)的做法和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。結(jié)合對(duì)日照市購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共就業(yè)培訓(xùn)服務(wù)、購(gòu)買(mǎi)公益性崗位等實(shí)踐的研究，力求對(duì)政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)項(xiàng)目的選擇、過(guò)程控制及績(jī)效評(píng)估方式進(jìn)行探討。接著，又從購(gòu)買(mǎi)程序、評(píng)價(jià)和監(jiān)督機(jī)制、購(gòu)買(mǎi)動(dòng)力以及社會(huì)組織等方面提出了存在的問(wèn)題。隨后本文又提出了健全公共服務(wù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)流程、建立公共服務(wù)監(jiān)督評(píng)價(jià)體系、樹(shù)立服務(wù)型政府理念、培育發(fā)展社會(huì)組織、建設(shè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境和提高合同管理能力等方面的意見(jiàn)建議。希望通過(guò)對(duì)政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)的系統(tǒng)化梳理和分析，能為地方政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)的應(yīng)用研究做出積極的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Government purchase of public services is a new thing, which has opened a new way for the government to provide public services. It has been adopted by many governments since last century, and has promoted the improvement of public service standards. As a public service supply mode, the government purchase service is actually to use the government finance to purchase the public service to improve the social welfare from the social organizations in various fields, the whole purchase process is "government funded, targeted purchase," Contract management, evaluation and fulfillment. Government purchase service originated from the reform of social welfare system in western countries. It is a reorientation and interpretation of government public service function on the basis of new public management and service-oriented government. It is a way to introduce competition into the field of public service and to introduce the concept of market and cooperation in the mechanism of service supply. By analyzing the process of government purchasing services, we can clearly see the optimal cost and the best quality. In recent years, the government to purchase public services in China is also showing a strong growth trend, in the old-age services, employment training, disabled services and other professional public services are more widely used, in promoting the transformation of government functions. Improving the quality and efficiency of public services and cultivating and developing social organizations have played an active role, but in the process of practice, problems and deficiencies have inevitably appeared. On the basis of new public service, principal-agent, public governance theory, public goods and government failure theory, this paper studies and analyzes the meaning, scope and form of government purchasing public service. This paper introduces the practices and experiences of the governments of the developed western countries, such as the United States, Britain and Japan, and the governments of developed cities such as Wenzhou and Shanghai in purchasing public services. Based on the research on the purchase of public employment training service and public welfare posts in Rizhao City, this paper tries to discuss the selection, process control and performance evaluation of public service items purchased by the government. Then, the existing problems are put forward from purchase procedure, evaluation and supervision mechanism, purchasing power and social organization. Then the paper puts forward some suggestions on perfecting public service purchasing process, establishing public service supervision and evaluation system, establishing service-oriented government idea, cultivating and developing social organization, constructing fair competition environment and improving contract management ability. It is hoped that the systematization and analysis of government purchasing public service can make a positive contribution to the applied research of local government purchasing public service.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D630

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