本文選題：機構(gòu)改革 + 現(xiàn)實問題��； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國的政府機構(gòu)在經(jīng)濟社會迅速發(fā)展的形勢倒逼下啟動了改革進(jìn)程,并在自我摸索中緩慢推進(jìn)。隨著中共十八大的召開,新一輪政府機構(gòu)改革再次啟動,改革如何推進(jìn),吸引各界關(guān)注。本文對政府機構(gòu)改革的有效路徑進(jìn)行了一些思考和研究。首先,對馬克思主義經(jīng)典論述中有關(guān)政府機構(gòu)設(shè)置和改革的觀點進(jìn)行了梳理,包括馬克思的建設(shè)“廉價政府”、毛澤東的“精兵簡政”和鄧小平“精簡機構(gòu)是一場革命”的觀點。在此基礎(chǔ)上,簡要歸納了西方官僚制、新公共管理和整體政府等主要理論,通過中西方政府改革思想的比較,尋求一些借鑒和啟示。然后,簡要回顧了改革開放以來歷次政府機構(gòu)改革的主要成效,并認(rèn)真思考了仍然存在的問題和不足,包括頂層設(shè)計不足、缺乏制度保障、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能還未到位、忽視社會管理職能、機構(gòu)改革仍然囿于行政體制限制等。接下來,深入剖析了當(dāng)前政府機構(gòu)設(shè)置和運轉(zhuǎn)中面臨的現(xiàn)實問題,包括法治內(nèi)核形式化、政府權(quán)力部門化、臨時機構(gòu)長期化、公共權(quán)力私人化、行政運行“碎片化”和大部制概念簡單化等。最后,重點分析了政府機構(gòu)改革的價值取向,并提出實現(xiàn)的有效路徑。包括必須因地制宜,不同層級的政府機構(gòu)設(shè)置應(yīng)符合實際需要,不同地域的行政機構(gòu)設(shè)置應(yīng)體現(xiàn)地方特色；厘清政府、市場和社會的關(guān)系,從深化行政審批制度改革入手,增強社會組織的活力,推行公共服務(wù)市場化；注重內(nèi)涵式改革,建立決策、執(zhí)行與監(jiān)督相互制約和協(xié)調(diào)的機制,優(yōu)化政府組織結(jié)構(gòu)和運行程序,提高工作效率和公共服務(wù)質(zhì)量；嚴(yán)格控制人員編制,確保公務(wù)員編制總量可控,科學(xué)管理人員編制,建立靈活的用人機制,出臺法律；把握改革策略,走漸進(jìn)式改革之路,以調(diào)整利益增量為主,實施綜合配套改革；完善制度,為機構(gòu)改革提供保障。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, Chinese government agencies have started the reform process under the circumstance of rapid economic and social development, and pushed forward slowly in self-groping. With the convening of the 18th CPC National Congress, a new round of government reform has been launched again. This article has carried on some thinking and the research to the government organization reform effective path. First of all, it combs the views on the establishment and reform of government institutions in the classical discourse of Marxism, including the construction of "cheap government" by Marx. Mao Zedong's "refined and simplified government" and Deng Xiaoping "streamlined organization is a revolution" view. On this basis, this paper briefly summarizes the main theories of bureaucracy, new public management and overall government in the West, and through the comparison of Chinese and Western government reform thoughts, seeks some lessons and enlightenment. Then, it briefly reviews the main achievements of the previous reform of government institutions since the reform and opening up, and seriously considers the problems and shortcomings that still exist, including inadequate design at the top level, lack of system protection, and the transformation of government functions. Ignore the function of social management, the institutional reform is still limited by the administrative system and so on. Then, the paper deeply analyzes the practical problems in the establishment and operation of government institutions, including the formalization of the core of the rule of law, the division of government power, the long-term transition of temporary institutions, and the privatization of public power. "fragmentation" of administrative operation and simplification of the concept of "large part system". Finally, the paper analyzes the value orientation of government organization reform and puts forward the effective way to realize it. Including the need to adapt measures to local conditions, the setting up of government agencies at different levels should meet the actual needs, and the setting up of administrative agencies in different regions should reflect local characteristics, clarify the relationship between the government, the market and society, and begin with the deepening of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system. Strengthen the vitality of social organizations, promote the marketization of public services, pay attention to the reform of connotation, establish the mechanism of mutual restriction and coordination of decision-making, implement and supervise each other, optimize the organizational structure and operating procedures of the government, improve the efficiency of work and the quality of public service; Strictly control the establishment of personnel, ensure that the total number of civil servants can be controlled, scientific management personnel establishment, establish a flexible employment mechanism, issue laws, grasp the reform strategy, take the path of gradual reform, to adjust the increase in interest, To implement comprehensive reform and improve the system to provide protection for institutional reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D630

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本文編號：1811712