【摘要】：近年來(lái),很多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的水環(huán)境中檢測(cè)出了抗生素,如美國(guó)、加拿大、德國(guó)、法國(guó)、芬蘭等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家均有在飲用水中發(fā)現(xiàn)抗生素等藥物的報(bào)道。長(zhǎng)期飲用含有微量抗生素等藥物的水對(duì)人類(lèi)的健康構(gòu)成威脅,已經(jīng)引起了全球范圍內(nèi)的關(guān)注。而我國(guó)是抗生素生產(chǎn)和使用最多的國(guó)家之一,有研究表明在對(duì)珠江廣州河段、深圳河段、黃河等河流的藥物檢測(cè)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了抗生素,大部分抗生素含量高于美國(guó)、歐洲等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家河流中藥物含量。水體中長(zhǎng)期存在的抗生素必然對(duì)水環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的飲用水處理工藝處理效果產(chǎn)生影響,尤其微生物是一種適應(yīng)性很強(qiáng)的生物,水中長(zhǎng)期存在的抗生素很有可能會(huì)引起微生物體內(nèi)基因的變化,導(dǎo)致微生物的耐藥性增強(qiáng),并會(huì)對(duì)飲用水消毒處理產(chǎn)生重要影響。因此,對(duì)于水環(huán)境中抗生素問(wèn)題及抗性基因的研究迫在眉睫。 本文以水處理深度處理工藝中的活性炭為研究對(duì)象,模擬活性炭及生物活性炭工藝對(duì)含抗生素的原水進(jìn)行處理,并將生物活性炭上附著的生物膜進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)純化分析及對(duì)細(xì)菌的抗性基因檢測(cè)分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),粉末活性炭對(duì)一些典型抗生素均有很好的去除效果。當(dāng)水環(huán)境中抗生素的濃度為500ng/L,粉末活性炭的投加量為24mg/L,吸附時(shí)間為1h時(shí),粉末活性炭對(duì)磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素、土霉素、紅霉素的去除率分別達(dá)到了79.84%、80.05%、94.62%、83.32%、96.88%�；钚蕴繉�(duì)抗生素的吸附結(jié)果符Freundlich吸附等溫線(xiàn)模型,粉末活性炭對(duì)不同種類(lèi)的抗生素表現(xiàn)出不同的吸附特征。 選用3種不同類(lèi)型的活性炭研究活性炭及生物活性炭對(duì)典型抗生素的去除效果。3種活性炭柱中分別裝有新炭、A水廠活性炭濾池中的BAC和用抗生素水馴化的BAC。在相同的空床接觸時(shí)間(EBCT為20min)下,研究3種炭柱對(duì)水中初始濃度為500ng/L的抗生素的去除效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,無(wú)論是新炭還是生物活性炭對(duì)抗生素均有一定的去除效果,其中溫度為20℃C時(shí),新炭對(duì)磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素、土霉素和紅霉素的去除率分別是90.15%、86.23%、87.90%、79.68%和70.57%。A水廠活性炭濾池中的BAC對(duì)磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素、土霉素和紅霉素的去除率分別是83.28%、80.56%、55.08%、70.17%和82.17%,用抗生素水馴化的BAC對(duì)磺胺甲惡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四環(huán)素、土霉素和紅霉素的去除率分別是72.04%、69.34%、57.67%、49.78%和67.32%。溫度對(duì)活性炭及生物活性炭對(duì)一些典型抗生素的去除有重要影響,隨著溫度的降低,新炭對(duì)抗生素的吸附性能力提高,但生物活性炭對(duì)這些物質(zhì)的生物降解能力有所下降。 試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明生物活性炭上的微生物主要由細(xì)菌組成,以革蘭氏陰性菌為主,未檢測(cè)出致病菌,從生物活性炭柱下層、中層和上層BAC分離的細(xì)菌主要類(lèi)群基本相同,但其生物量沿水流方向減少。進(jìn)水中抗生素可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)菌體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生抗性基因,使細(xì)菌對(duì)抗生素的耐受性和抗氯性均增強(qiáng),當(dāng)進(jìn)水抗生素濃度為500ng/L,運(yùn)行5個(gè)月后生物炭生物膜對(duì)抗生素的耐受強(qiáng)度可達(dá)10mg/L,抗氯強(qiáng)度可達(dá)5mgCL2/L。當(dāng)用抗生素水誘導(dǎo)細(xì)菌具有了抗性基因后,在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)水不含抗生素的原水作用下,抗性基因很難再消失。即抗性基因一旦產(chǎn)生,就會(huì)存在于環(huán)境之中,分布和傳播,是一種新型的環(huán)境污染物。
[Abstract]:In recent years, many developed countries and regions have detected antibiotics in the water environment such as the United States, Canada, Germany, France and Finland. The long-term drinking of water, including micro-antibiotics, poses a threat to human health and has given rise to global concerns. In China, one of the most important countries in the production and use of antibiotics is the discovery of antibiotics in the drug detection of the river, Shenzhen and the Yellow River in the Pearl River, most of which are higher than those in the developed countries such as the United States and Europe. The medium and long-term antibiotic in the water body has an effect on the water environment, and has an effect on the treatment effect of the existing drinking water treatment process, in particular to a microorganism which is strong in adaptability, and the long-standing antibiotic in the water can cause the change of the gene in the microorganism body, The drug resistance of the microorganism is enhanced, and the sterilization treatment of the drinking water has an important effect. Therefore, it is urgent to study the antibiotic problem and the resistance gene in the water environment. In this paper, the active carbon in the water treatment depth treatment process is used as the research object, the active carbon and the biological activated carbon process are simulated to treat the raw water containing the antibiotic, and the biological membrane attached to the biological activated carbon is subjected to culture purification analysis and the detection of the resistance gene of the bacteria. The results show that the active carbon has good effect on some typical antibiotics. When the concentration of the antibiotics in the water environment is 500 ng/ L, the dosage of the powdered activated carbon is 24 mg/ L, the adsorption time is 1 h, the removal rates of the powdered activated carbon on the sulfanilamide, the sulfanilamide, the tetracycline, the oxytetracycline and the erythromycin are 79.84%, 80.05%, 94.62%, 83.32%, 96.88, respectively. %. The adsorption results of activated carbon on antibiotics, Freundlich's adsorption isotherm model, and powdered activated carbon showed different adsorption to different kinds of antibiotics. 3 different types of active carbon were used to study the effect of activated carbon and biological activated carbon on the removal of typical antibiotics. BAC. In the same air-bed contact time (20 min, EBCT),3 carbon columns were studied for the removal of antibiotics with an initial concentration of 500 ng/ L in water The results showed that the removal rate of the new carbon to the sulfanilamide, the sulfanilamide, the tetracycline, the oxytetracycline and the erythromycin was 90.15%, 86.23% and 87, respectively, when the temperature was 20 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2498068