【摘要】：在建筑能耗中，圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)建筑能耗有很大影響，其保溫隔熱性能與降低建筑能耗和提高室內(nèi)舒適性關(guān)系甚大，外墻外保溫技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。其中粘貼保溫板的薄抹灰外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)（External Thermal Insulation Composite System，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ETICS）已得到廣泛應(yīng)用。外墻外保溫技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，一方面減少了建筑物運(yùn)行階段的能耗，，另一方面增加了建筑材料生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的環(huán)境影響，但其全生命周期環(huán)境負(fù)荷有待深入研究。 根據(jù)我國(guó)膨脹聚苯板薄抹灰外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)(EPS外保溫系統(tǒng))和巖棉板薄抹灰外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)(巖棉外保溫系統(tǒng))的研究與應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，用生命周期評(píng)價(jià)方法定量計(jì)算其生命周期各階段的資源、能源消耗和污染物排放，并進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明：EPS外保溫系統(tǒng)和巖棉外保溫系統(tǒng)排放的主要污染物是CO2，分別為23.5kg/m2和46.0kg/m2；EPS外保溫系統(tǒng)環(huán)境影響最大的三種類(lèi)型為酸化效應(yīng)、光化學(xué)煙霧效應(yīng)和溫室效應(yīng)，分別占總環(huán)境負(fù)荷的35.3%、22.0%和18.4%；對(duì)環(huán)境影響貢獻(xiàn)最大的是干混砂漿，產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響占總環(huán)境負(fù)荷的52.3%，其主要的環(huán)境影響類(lèi)型為不可再生資源消耗、光化學(xué)煙霧效應(yīng)和水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化效應(yīng)；其次為EPS板，產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響占總量的45.3%，其主要的環(huán)境影響類(lèi)型為溫室效應(yīng)、酸化效應(yīng)和人體健康損害。巖棉外保溫系統(tǒng)的主要環(huán)境影響是溫室效應(yīng)、酸化效應(yīng)和光化學(xué)煙霧效應(yīng)，分別占總環(huán)境負(fù)荷的29.1%、26.7%和20.0%；巖棉板生產(chǎn)過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響占總環(huán)境影響的51.1%，其主要的環(huán)境影響類(lèi)型為酸化效應(yīng)、溫室效應(yīng)和人體健康損害，干混砂漿對(duì)總環(huán)境影響的貢獻(xiàn)為47.0%，其主要的環(huán)境影響類(lèi)型為光化學(xué)煙霧效應(yīng)、不可再生資源消耗和水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化效應(yīng)。 對(duì)比相同保溫效果下EPS外保溫系統(tǒng)和巖棉外保溫系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境負(fù)荷情況，EPS外墻系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)性好。綜合考慮保溫性能和材料燃燒性能的情況下，巖棉板薄抹灰外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)性好。
[Abstract]:In the building energy consumption, the enclosure structure has a great influence on the building energy consumption, and its thermal insulation performance has a great relationship with reducing building energy consumption and improving indoor comfort. The exterior wall external insulation technology emerges as the times require. Among them, the thin plastering external wall thermal insulation system (External Thermal Insulation Composite System, (ETICS) has been widely used. The application of external wall external insulation technology, on the one hand, reduces the energy consumption in the operation stage of the building, on the other hand, increases the environmental impact of the production process of building materials, but its whole life cycle environmental load needs to be further studied. According to the research and application status of expanded polystyrene board thin plastering external wall insulation system (EPS external insulation system) and rock cotton board thin plastering exterior wall external insulation system (rock cotton external insulation system), The resource, energy consumption and pollutant emission in each stage of the life cycle were quantitatively calculated by the life cycle assessment method, and the environmental impact assessment was carried out. The results show that the main pollutants emitted by EPS external heat preservation system and rock cotton external heat preservation system are CO2, are 23.5kg/m2 and 46.0 kg / m2, respectively. The three types of environmental impact of EPS external heat preservation system were acidizing effect, photochemical smoke effect and Greenhouse Effect, accounting for 35.3%, 22.0% and 18.4% of the total environmental load, respectively. Dry mixed mortar has the greatest contribution to the environmental impact, which accounts for 52.3% of the total environmental load. The main environmental impact types are non-renewable resource consumption, photochemical smoke effect and water eutrophication effect. The second is EPS board, which accounts for 45.3% of the total environmental impact. The main types of environmental impact are Greenhouse Effect, acidizing effect and human health damage. The main environmental effects of rock cotton external heat preservation system are Greenhouse Effect, acidizing effect and photochemical smoke effect, accounting for 29.1%, 26.7% and 20.0% of the total environmental load, respectively. The environmental impact caused by the production process of rock cotton board accounts for 51.1% of the total environmental impact. The main environmental impact types are acidizing effect, Greenhouse Effect and human health damage, and the contribution of dry mixed mortar to the total environmental impact is 47.0%. The main environmental impact types are photochemical smoke effect, non-renewable resource consumption and water eutrophication effect. Compared with the environmental load of EPS external insulation system and rock cotton external insulation system under the same heat preservation effect, the environmental coordination of EPS external wall system is good. Considering the thermal insulation performance and material combustion performance, the environmental coordination of the external thermal insulation system of rock cotton board thin plastering exterior wall is good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU761.12

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