【摘要】：近年來，隨著節(jié)能減排的呼聲越來越高，建筑領(lǐng)域的節(jié)能勢在必行。但實際情況是，決策者節(jié)能環(huán)保意識較先進國家明顯淡薄，單從建設(shè)成本出發(fā)，忽視了建筑的運營和維護成本，盲目做出方案決策。推行可持續(xù)建筑，一方面可以有效的節(jié)約能源和資源，，保證我國經(jīng)濟快速穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展，另一方面可以保護生態(tài)環(huán)境，減少建筑污染物的排放，同時，還能夠提供給住戶舒適的居住環(huán)境，降低成本的同時提高建筑質(zhì)量，從宏觀到微觀都具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 很多國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者一直致力于可持續(xù)建筑的全壽命周期的理論研究，并有了一定的成果，但各有各的思路，對于可持續(xù)建筑全壽命周期評價的研究，還沒有形成系統(tǒng)的理論體系和方法論。本文在介紹國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合全壽命周期理論和可持續(xù)建筑的評價理論，提出了基于資金時間價值的全壽命周期成本的估算方法，將建筑成本劃分為建筑主體成本、圍護結(jié)構(gòu)成本、采暖制冷成本和配套設(shè)施成本，并以此作為經(jīng)濟效益的評價依據(jù)，根據(jù)調(diào)查問卷的成果，通過主成分分析法確定非經(jīng)濟效益的指標，構(gòu)建完整的全壽命周期評價指標體系，采用定性與定量相結(jié)合的層次分析法確定指標權(quán)重，模糊綜合評價法確定評價分值，再利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型加以檢驗，最后通過普通建筑、節(jié)能建筑和被動式建筑的方案比較，針對實際情況選擇最優(yōu)決策方案。對于評價過程中使用的多種處理數(shù)據(jù)的方法，通過matlab軟件中函數(shù)處理數(shù)據(jù)的功能，快速便捷的計算得到可靠結(jié)果，提高了運算的效率和準確性。論文用三角函數(shù)的方式將經(jīng)濟效益指標的量化值作為依據(jù)構(gòu)造評價矩陣，實現(xiàn)了全壽命周期成本與全壽命周期評價的有效結(jié)合，另外，BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成功應(yīng)用，驗證了評價方法的合理性。 本文從經(jīng)濟效益和非經(jīng)濟效益兩方面著手建立可持續(xù)建筑全壽命周期評價指標體系，根據(jù)各自的特點采取了相關(guān)的定性與定量方法，得到了預(yù)期結(jié)果，旨在為可持續(xù)建筑發(fā)展提供理論支持，為企業(yè)做出建筑方案決策提供參考，為政府繼續(xù)推進可持續(xù)建筑的建設(shè)提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing calls for energy conservation and emission reduction, energy conservation in the field of construction is imperative. But the actual situation is that the consciousness of energy saving and environmental protection of decision-makers is obviously weak in advanced countries, only from the cost of construction, ignoring the cost of operation and maintenance of buildings, blindly making project decisions. On the one hand, sustainable building can effectively save energy and resources, and ensure the rapid, stable and healthy development of our economy, on the other hand, it can protect the ecological environment and reduce the emission of building pollutants, at the same time, It can also provide a comfortable living environment, reduce the cost and improve the building quality, from macro to micro have important practical significance. Many experts and scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the theoretical research of the life cycle of sustainable building, and have achieved some results, but each has its own ideas, for the study of the evaluation of the life cycle of sustainable building, There is no systematic theoretical system and methodology. On the basis of introducing the present situation at home and abroad, combining the theory of whole life cycle and the theory of evaluation of sustainable building, this paper puts forward the method of estimating the cost of life cycle based on the value of capital time, and divides the cost of building into the cost of main body of construction. The cost of enclosure structure, heating and refrigeration cost and supporting facilities cost are used as the evaluation basis of economic benefit. According to the results of questionnaire, the index of non-economic benefit is determined by principal component analysis. A complete index system of life cycle evaluation is constructed. The index weight is determined by AHP combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis, the evaluation score is determined by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the BP neural network model is used to test it. Finally, through the comparison of common building, energy-saving building and passive building, the optimal decision scheme is selected according to the actual situation. For a variety of data processing methods used in the evaluation process, through the function processing function in matlab software, the reliable results can be obtained quickly and conveniently, and the efficiency and accuracy of the calculation can be improved. In this paper, the quantitative value of economic benefit index is taken as the basis of constructing the evaluation matrix by trigonometric function, which realizes the effective combination of the whole life cycle cost and the whole life cycle evaluation. In addition, the successful application of BP neural network, The rationality of the evaluation method is verified. In this paper, the evaluation index system of the whole life cycle of sustainable building is established from the two aspects of economic benefit and non-economic benefit. According to their characteristics, the qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted, and the expected results are obtained. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical support for the development of sustainable buildings, to provide reference for enterprises to make decisions on construction schemes, and to provide the basis for the government to continue to promote the construction of sustainable buildings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU201.5

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