地下車庫通風量及氣流分布研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-15 06:52
【摘要】：地下停車庫是隨著城市地上停車問題嚴重而被興建的。由于地下車庫處于封閉或半封閉的狀態(tài),外界的陽光和空氣很難進入車庫內(nèi),使得車庫內(nèi)污染物濃度超標,從而影響人體的身體健康。車庫內(nèi)污染物種類很多,尤其以CO數(shù)量最多,對人體的健康危害最大,因此在地下車庫通風設(shè)計中通常以CO為研究對象,只要保證CO的濃度值在允許范圍內(nèi),那么車庫內(nèi)其他污染物濃度也一定在允許范圍內(nèi)。由于影響車庫內(nèi)污染物濃度的因素很多以及車庫內(nèi)污染物濃度具有動態(tài)等特點,所以在確定車庫內(nèi)通風量時應該綜合考慮各個影響因素。隨著汽油質(zhì)量的提高,汽車釋放污染物的數(shù)量也隨之減少,傳統(tǒng)的運用換氣次數(shù)法計算車庫內(nèi)通風量的方法難免會造成能源的浪費。本研究采用全面通風換氣法確定車庫內(nèi)所需通風量,通過分析比較各個經(jīng)驗公式,得到理想的計算通風量的方法。隨著地下車庫在城市中的日益增加,能耗問題也隨之引起人們的關(guān)注。在研究車庫內(nèi)通風效果的同時,也要同時考慮通風所產(chǎn)生的能耗。我國建筑能耗在總能耗中占有相當大的比例,因此,在地下車庫通風方式的選取中不僅要考慮氣流組織效果,滿足人員的衛(wèi)生要求,要考慮經(jīng)濟性,能源的浪費也將造成環(huán)境的污染。由于自然通風方式存在受外界環(huán)境的影響比較大以及通風效果不好等缺點,所以在地下車庫通風設(shè)計中常用機械通風方式代替。地下車庫通風設(shè)計中應用最廣泛的兩種機械通風方式為傳統(tǒng)的風管式通風和無風管誘導式通風,這兩種通風方式各有其優(yōu)缺點。地下車庫根據(jù)防火等級分為四種類型,本文將針對沈陽某類地下車庫的氣流組織進行研究,對風管式通風系統(tǒng)和無風管誘導通風系統(tǒng)進行對比,其中將風管式通風系統(tǒng)設(shè)置成兩種氣流分布方式,分別為中間送風兩側(cè)排風和一側(cè)送風對側(cè)排風。對比分析這三種氣流分布方式下該車庫內(nèi)的氣流組織效果以及排除污染物能力。數(shù)值模擬應用于氣流組織分析方面已經(jīng)很成熟,本文應用FLUENT軟件對車庫內(nèi)速度場以及CO濃度場進行模擬,然后運用TECPLOT軟件對模擬結(jié)果進行后處理,最后通過分析車庫內(nèi)幾個典型截面的速度場以及CO濃度場,對其進行氣流組織評價,得到適合所研究車庫的通風方式,從而為該類型車庫的設(shè)計提供依據(jù)。近年來,在地下車庫排風方式的選取中,通常采用上排1/3～1/2、下排1/2～2/3的排風方式,但是很多研究對此提出質(zhì)疑,而且這個規(guī)定距現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有很長的時間,在這期間沒有對排風方式制定新的規(guī)定。有研究表明,車庫內(nèi)CO密度與空氣密度相差不大,汽車排放的CO溫度也很高,高溫的CO會漂浮在車庫的上部,這樣設(shè)置下排風會加大初投資,造成能源的浪費。本文通過分析汽車內(nèi)燃料的燃燒機理以及尾氣排放機理,得出汽車排放的尾氣大部分集中在車庫上部,因此設(shè)計中只需要設(shè)置上排風口即可排放車庫內(nèi)污染物。最后,通過對模擬結(jié)果進行氣流組織評價,得出誘導通風方式在排除車庫內(nèi)污染物方面優(yōu)于風管式通風方式,在風管式通風風濕的兩種不同形式的氣流分布中,采用中間送風兩側(cè)排風的氣流分布方式的氣流組織效果優(yōu)于一側(cè)送風對側(cè)排風。
[Abstract]:The underground parking garage is built with serious parking problems on the ground. As the underground garage is in a closed or semi-closed state, the external sunlight and air are difficult to enter into the garage, so that the concentration of pollutants in the garage exceeds the standard, thereby affecting the health of the human body. There are many kinds of pollutants in the garage, especially in the quantity of CO, which is the most harmful to the human health. Therefore, in the underground garage ventilation design, CO is usually used as the research object, so long as the concentration value of CO is ensured to be within the allowable range, then the concentration of other contaminants within the garage must also be within the allowable range. Due to the many factors that affect the concentration of pollutants in the garage and the dynamic characteristics of pollutant concentration in the garage, the influencing factors should be considered comprehensively in determining the amount of ventilation in the garage. With the improvement of gasoline quality, the quantity of pollutants released by automobiles is also reduced, and the traditional method for calculating the ventilation quantity in the garage by using the ventilation times method is difficult to avoid the waste of energy. In this study, a comprehensive ventilation and ventilation method was adopted to determine the required ventilation in the garage, and the ideal calculation and ventilation method was obtained by analyzing the empirical formulas. With the increasing of underground garages in cities, the problem of energy consumption also attracts people's attention. In the study of the ventilation effect in the garage, the energy consumption generated by ventilation is also taken into account. The energy consumption of building in China occupies a large proportion in the total energy consumption. Therefore, in the selection of the underground garage ventilation mode, not only the air flow organizing effect is taken into account, but the sanitation requirement of personnel is met, and the environment pollution is also caused by the waste of energy. Due to the large influence of natural ventilation and bad ventilation effect, mechanical ventilation is often used in underground garage ventilation design. In the underground garage ventilation design, the most widely used mechanical ventilation modes are traditional air-pipe ventilation and air-duct-free ventilation, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. The underground garage is divided into four types according to the fire rating. In this paper, the air flow structure of a certain kind of underground garage in Shenyang is studied, and compared with the air duct ventilation system and the air duct-free ventilation system, the wind-pipe ventilation system is set into two air flow distribution ways. and air supply on both sides of the middle air supply is respectively provided with air supply on both sides of the middle air supply to exhaust the side air. The effect of air flow in the garage and the ability of pollutant discharge were compared and analyzed in this paper. Numerical simulation has been applied to the analysis of gas flow, and FLUENT software is applied to simulate the velocity field and CO concentration field in the garage, then the simulation result is post-processed by using the TECPLOT software. Finally, the velocity field and CO concentration field of several typical sections in the garage are analyzed. air-flow tissue evaluation is carried out to obtain a ventilation mode suitable for the garage to be studied, thereby providing a basis for the design of the type garage. In recent years, in the selection of the underground garage air exhaust mode, the air exhausting mode of 1/ 3 ~ 1/ 2 and the next row 1/ 2 ~ 2/ 3 is usually adopted, but many research questions are put forward, and this regulation distance is now very long, and there is no new regulation to the air exhaust method during this period. Research shows that CO density in the garage is different from air density, CO temperature of automobile emission is also high, CO at high temperature floats on the upper part of the garage, so the lower exhaust can increase initial investment and cause waste of energy. In this paper, by analyzing the combustion mechanism of fuel in automobile and the mechanism of tail gas emission, it is concluded that most of the tail gas from automobile is concentrated in the upper part of the garage, so it is only necessary to set the air outlet in the design to discharge the pollutants in the garage. Finally, by air-flow organization evaluation on the simulation results, it is concluded that the inducing ventilation mode is superior to the air-tube ventilation mode in eliminating the pollutants in the garage, and in the airflow distribution in two different forms of the wind-tube ventilation rheumatism, The air flow distribution method adopting the air flow distribution mode of the air exhaust on both sides of the middle air supply is better than that of one side air supply on the side air exhaust.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU962
本文編號：2271722
[Abstract]:The underground parking garage is built with serious parking problems on the ground. As the underground garage is in a closed or semi-closed state, the external sunlight and air are difficult to enter into the garage, so that the concentration of pollutants in the garage exceeds the standard, thereby affecting the health of the human body. There are many kinds of pollutants in the garage, especially in the quantity of CO, which is the most harmful to the human health. Therefore, in the underground garage ventilation design, CO is usually used as the research object, so long as the concentration value of CO is ensured to be within the allowable range, then the concentration of other contaminants within the garage must also be within the allowable range. Due to the many factors that affect the concentration of pollutants in the garage and the dynamic characteristics of pollutant concentration in the garage, the influencing factors should be considered comprehensively in determining the amount of ventilation in the garage. With the improvement of gasoline quality, the quantity of pollutants released by automobiles is also reduced, and the traditional method for calculating the ventilation quantity in the garage by using the ventilation times method is difficult to avoid the waste of energy. In this study, a comprehensive ventilation and ventilation method was adopted to determine the required ventilation in the garage, and the ideal calculation and ventilation method was obtained by analyzing the empirical formulas. With the increasing of underground garages in cities, the problem of energy consumption also attracts people's attention. In the study of the ventilation effect in the garage, the energy consumption generated by ventilation is also taken into account. The energy consumption of building in China occupies a large proportion in the total energy consumption. Therefore, in the selection of the underground garage ventilation mode, not only the air flow organizing effect is taken into account, but the sanitation requirement of personnel is met, and the environment pollution is also caused by the waste of energy. Due to the large influence of natural ventilation and bad ventilation effect, mechanical ventilation is often used in underground garage ventilation design. In the underground garage ventilation design, the most widely used mechanical ventilation modes are traditional air-pipe ventilation and air-duct-free ventilation, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. The underground garage is divided into four types according to the fire rating. In this paper, the air flow structure of a certain kind of underground garage in Shenyang is studied, and compared with the air duct ventilation system and the air duct-free ventilation system, the wind-pipe ventilation system is set into two air flow distribution ways. and air supply on both sides of the middle air supply is respectively provided with air supply on both sides of the middle air supply to exhaust the side air. The effect of air flow in the garage and the ability of pollutant discharge were compared and analyzed in this paper. Numerical simulation has been applied to the analysis of gas flow, and FLUENT software is applied to simulate the velocity field and CO concentration field in the garage, then the simulation result is post-processed by using the TECPLOT software. Finally, the velocity field and CO concentration field of several typical sections in the garage are analyzed. air-flow tissue evaluation is carried out to obtain a ventilation mode suitable for the garage to be studied, thereby providing a basis for the design of the type garage. In recent years, in the selection of the underground garage air exhaust mode, the air exhausting mode of 1/ 3 ~ 1/ 2 and the next row 1/ 2 ~ 2/ 3 is usually adopted, but many research questions are put forward, and this regulation distance is now very long, and there is no new regulation to the air exhaust method during this period. Research shows that CO density in the garage is different from air density, CO temperature of automobile emission is also high, CO at high temperature floats on the upper part of the garage, so the lower exhaust can increase initial investment and cause waste of energy. In this paper, by analyzing the combustion mechanism of fuel in automobile and the mechanism of tail gas emission, it is concluded that most of the tail gas from automobile is concentrated in the upper part of the garage, so it is only necessary to set the air outlet in the design to discharge the pollutants in the garage. Finally, by air-flow organization evaluation on the simulation results, it is concluded that the inducing ventilation mode is superior to the air-tube ventilation mode in eliminating the pollutants in the garage, and in the airflow distribution in two different forms of the wind-tube ventilation rheumatism, The air flow distribution method adopting the air flow distribution mode of the air exhaust on both sides of the middle air supply is better than that of one side air supply on the side air exhaust.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU962
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