【摘要】：大型液壓挖掘機(jī)是各種大規(guī)模露天礦山開采及大型基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)中廣泛使用的工程機(jī)械設(shè)備,而我國大型液壓挖掘機(jī)的發(fā)展相對落后,與國外相比還有很大差距,國內(nèi)大型液壓挖掘機(jī)的發(fā)展尚處于起步階段,目前只有少數(shù)廠家可以生產(chǎn)100t以上的液壓挖掘機(jī),而國外目前液壓挖掘機(jī)的機(jī)重已達(dá)到1000t以上,本文在山西省科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目“特大型礦用液壓挖掘機(jī)節(jié)能原理及能量效率研究”(20100321025-02)的資助下,對國內(nèi)目前最大的裝機(jī)質(zhì)量達(dá)270t的大型液壓挖掘機(jī)的研究,對國內(nèi)今后進(jìn)一步研制更大的液壓挖掘機(jī)有重要的意義。 在270t大型液壓挖掘機(jī)的研制中,為了能夠制定出正確的液壓控制方案及選擇合適的系統(tǒng)控制參數(shù),對液壓挖掘機(jī)的挖掘阻力進(jìn)行了分析計算,建立了液壓挖掘機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過所建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對液壓挖掘機(jī)的平推工況進(jìn)行了分析計算,對挖掘機(jī)斗桿挖掘工況及鏟斗挖掘工況的挖掘力進(jìn)行了分析；采用ADAMS與AMESim兩種軟件,利用這兩種軟件各自的優(yōu)勢,對液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作過程進(jìn)行了機(jī)電液一體化的聯(lián)合仿真,對液壓挖掘機(jī)動臂、斗桿、鏟斗及開斗液壓缸的工作壓力、消耗功率及運(yùn)動速度等參數(shù)的變化過程進(jìn)行了仿真研究,對液壓挖掘機(jī)工作過程中有關(guān)參數(shù)的分析計算及計算機(jī)仿真研究,為270t大型液壓液壓挖掘機(jī)的研制提供了理論依據(jù)。 在挖掘機(jī)液壓控制系統(tǒng)中,采用了多泵供油方式,為了合理分配流量,提高挖掘機(jī)的工作效率,動臂、斗桿、鏟斗、開斗及行走裝置的液壓執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)采用四臺主工作泵供油,每臺主工作泵通過一組多路閥控制液壓執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),再通過閥外合流的方式滿足這些執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)單獨(dú)及復(fù)合動作時的速度要求。 針對大型液壓挖掘機(jī)工作過程中能量消耗多,發(fā)熱量大的問題,在挖掘機(jī)液壓控制系統(tǒng)中,采用變量泵和比例多路閥結(jié)合的方式控制液壓執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動速度,通過正流量控制實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓泵和多路閥的供需平衡,同時在液壓系統(tǒng)中,主工作泵可以實(shí)現(xiàn)變功率控制,以適應(yīng)挖掘機(jī)不同工況的要求；此外,為降低挖掘機(jī)的使用成本高,270t液壓挖掘機(jī)的液壓控制系統(tǒng)采用電力作為動力源,由交流電動機(jī)驅(qū)動液壓泵組工作。 針對動臂和斗桿下降時,由于大型液壓挖掘機(jī)的機(jī)械構(gòu)件重量重、慣性非常大,導(dǎo)致下降結(jié)束階段壓力沖擊大、下降速度慢、工作效率低、操作性差的問題,提出動臂和斗桿下降時采用比例再生閥,用流量再生回路實(shí)現(xiàn)能量回收,減小壓力沖擊,加快下降速度,提高挖掘機(jī)的操作性能,同時由于下降時無需液壓泵供油,提高了液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作效率,起到了節(jié)能的效果,并分析了斗桿采用流量再生回路下降的條件。 在制造廠內(nèi)和液壓挖掘機(jī)使用的露天煤礦現(xiàn)場,對挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究,對液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作性能進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,測試了液壓挖掘機(jī)動臂、斗桿、鏟斗及開斗液壓缸單動及復(fù)合動作時的壓力變化,測試了動臂、斗桿分別采用主控閥回路和流量再生回路下降時的壓力變化情況及下降所用時間,結(jié)果表明,挖掘機(jī)加載最大試驗(yàn)負(fù)載25t時,所設(shè)計的液壓控制系統(tǒng)可以完全滿足動臂、斗桿、鏟斗及開斗加載動作時所需要的壓力及速度要求,動臂和斗桿下降采用流量再生回路后,速度明顯加快,下降壓力更平穩(wěn),且下降結(jié)束階段無明顯液壓沖擊。通過試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了挖掘機(jī)液壓控制方案的正確性,也為國內(nèi)今后設(shè)計和制造更大型的液壓挖掘機(jī)積累了數(shù)據(jù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Large-scale hydraulic excavator is widely used in various large-scale open pit mining and large-scale infrastructure construction of engineering machinery and equipment, but the development of large-scale hydraulic excavator in China is relatively backward, compared with foreign countries there is still a big gap, the development of large-scale hydraulic excavator in China is still in its infancy, only a few manufacturers can produce 100t. The above hydraulic excavators, and the weight of hydraulic excavators abroad has reached more than 1000 tons at present, this paper in Shanxi Province science and technology research project "energy-saving principle and energy efficiency of super-large mining hydraulic excavators" (20100321025-02) under the funding of the largest installed mass of 270 tons of large hydraulic excavators in China, the research. It is of great significance to further develop larger hydraulic excavators in China.
In the development of 270t large hydraulic excavator, in order to work out the correct hydraulic control scheme and select the appropriate system control parameters, the excavation resistance of hydraulic excavator is analyzed and calculated, and the mathematical model of hydraulic excavator is established. Through the established mathematical model, the horizontal push working condition of hydraulic excavator is divided. Based on the analysis and calculation, the excavating force of bucket-bar excavation and bucket excavation of excavator is analyzed. Using ADAMS and AMESim software and their respective advantages, the working process of hydraulic excavator is simulated by electro-hydraulic integration, and the work of arm, bucket-bar, bucket and bucket cylinder of hydraulic excavator is simulated. The variation process of parameters such as working pressure, power consumption and moving speed is simulated. The analysis and calculation of relevant parameters in the working process of hydraulic excavator and the computer simulation study provide a theoretical basis for the development of 270t large hydraulic excavator.
In order to distribute the flow reasonably and improve the working efficiency of the excavator, the hydraulic actuator of the boom, bucket bar, bucket, bucket opening and running device adopts four main working pumps to supply oil. Each main working pump controls the hydraulic actuator through a set of multi-way valves, and then merges with the valve outside. The method meets the speed requirements of these actuators in separate and compound movements.
Aiming at the problem of high energy consumption and high calorific value in the working process of large hydraulic excavator, variable pump and proportional multi-way valve are combined to control the movement speed of hydraulic actuator in the hydraulic control system of excavator, and the supply and demand balance of hydraulic pump and multi-way valve is realized by positive flow control. As a pump, variable power control can be realized to meet the requirements of different working conditions of the excavator. In addition, in order to reduce the cost of using the excavator, the hydraulic control system of 270t hydraulic excavator uses electric power as the power source, and the hydraulic pump group is driven by AC motor.
In view of the heavy weight and great inertia of the mechanical components of the large hydraulic excavator when the boom and bucket rod descend, which leads to large pressure impact, slow descent speed, low working efficiency and poor operability at the end of the descent stage, the proportional regeneration valve is used to realize energy recovery and reduce pressure when the boom and bucket rod descend. The impact accelerates the descending speed and improves the operation performance of the excavator. At the same time, the working efficiency of the hydraulic excavator is improved and the energy-saving effect is achieved because the hydraulic pump is not needed to supply oil when descending. The descending condition of the flow regeneration loop of the bucket rod is analyzed.
In the open pit coal mine where the hydraulic excavator is used in the factory and in the open pit coal mine, the excavator is tested, and the working performance of the hydraulic excavator is verified. The pressure changes of the hydraulic excavator arm, bucket bar, bucket and open bucket hydraulic cylinder under single and compound action are tested, and the moving arm is tested. The bucket bar adopts the main control valve circuit and the main control valve circuit respectively. The results show that the designed hydraulic control system can fully satisfy the pressure and speed requirements of the boom, bucket bar, bucket and open bucket when the maximum test load of the excavator is 25T. When the boom and bucket are lowered by the flow regeneration loop, the pressure and speed requirements of the boom and bucket can be fully met. Experiments have proved the correctness of the hydraulic control scheme of excavators and accumulated data and experience for the design and manufacture of larger hydraulic excavators in the future in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU621

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本文編號：2211709