開(kāi)洞建筑風(fēng)致內(nèi)壓響應(yīng)的理論和試驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-29 17:02
【摘要】：建筑由于使用功能要求或者在強(qiáng)風(fēng)作用下門窗破壞而形成開(kāi)孔時(shí),會(huì)使結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部風(fēng)壓驟然增大。歷年的風(fēng)災(zāi)調(diào)查顯示,多數(shù)房屋圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞(例如屋蓋掀翻和墻面倒塌)是由于內(nèi)外壓共同作用所造成的。當(dāng)開(kāi)孔大小符合某些條件時(shí),內(nèi)壓將產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的共振效應(yīng)使得內(nèi)壓脈動(dòng)得到大幅提高,對(duì)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)安全極為不利。我國(guó)經(jīng)常受臺(tái)風(fēng)影響的沿海地區(qū)存在著大量低矮房屋和大跨廠房,合理的估算結(jié)構(gòu)所受的極值風(fēng)荷載有利于提高這些建筑的抗風(fēng)性能,減少惡劣風(fēng)環(huán)境下的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。本文結(jié)合理論分析和試驗(yàn)對(duì)不同形式開(kāi)孔結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)致內(nèi)壓的動(dòng)力特性及其影響因素、關(guān)鍵的孔口參數(shù)取值、風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)方法等方面展開(kāi)了系統(tǒng)的研究。 本文從理論上推導(dǎo)了單一開(kāi)孔、開(kāi)孔雙空腔、以及迎風(fēng)面多開(kāi)孔情況下內(nèi)壓的非線性傳遞方程,并分別對(duì)其進(jìn)行線性化。結(jié)合模型試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了各傳遞方程的準(zhǔn)確性,并分析了開(kāi)孔面積,內(nèi)部容積,風(fēng)速風(fēng)向等對(duì)脈動(dòng)內(nèi)壓均方根、Helmholtz共振頻率以及等效阻尼比等動(dòng)力特性參數(shù)的影響。 提出了隨機(jī)荷載作用下未知慣性系數(shù)和損失系數(shù)的理論識(shí)別方法,并分別給出這兩個(gè)參數(shù)的建議取值。自行研制了揚(yáng)聲器激振裝置用于內(nèi)壓響應(yīng)的研究,該裝置能夠產(chǎn)生頻率和幅值可調(diào)節(jié)的簡(jiǎn)諧和隨機(jī)外壓。通過(guò)大量模型的揚(yáng)聲器激振試驗(yàn)和風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證所推導(dǎo)識(shí)別公式的準(zhǔn)確性,并對(duì)影響這兩個(gè)孔口特征參數(shù)取值的因素(包括：結(jié)構(gòu)柔性,模型安裝方法,湍流強(qiáng)度,來(lái)流風(fēng)速風(fēng)向,開(kāi)孔面積和位置,內(nèi)部容積等)進(jìn)行了深入地考察。 基于相似性準(zhǔn)則分析了風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)時(shí)各種開(kāi)孔形式下為保證試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ团c原型內(nèi)壓動(dòng)力特性相似性模型應(yīng)該滿足的條件,提出了準(zhǔn)確測(cè)試內(nèi)壓的試驗(yàn)方法,并指出風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中可能導(dǎo)致內(nèi)壓響應(yīng)測(cè)試誤差的情況。綜合分析了開(kāi)孔面積,開(kāi)孔位置,建筑內(nèi)部容積,來(lái)流風(fēng)速和湍流度,以及內(nèi)部干擾等因素對(duì)內(nèi)壓脈動(dòng),等效阻尼比以及共振響應(yīng)的影響。比較了內(nèi)外壓脈動(dòng)均方根之比的幾種簡(jiǎn)化預(yù)測(cè)方法的適用性,分析了方程中待定常數(shù)的物理意義及其可能的影響因素。 以4種開(kāi)洞形式下某沿海地區(qū)大跨超高單層廠房的實(shí)際工程為例進(jìn)行內(nèi)外表壓力的風(fēng)洞測(cè)試,得出其風(fēng)荷載及內(nèi)壓峰值因子的分布規(guī)律,并與規(guī)范體型系數(shù)和峰值因子的建議值進(jìn)行了比較,重點(diǎn)考察了縱墻端部區(qū)的受力情況,給出了對(duì)屋蓋和墻面受力最不利的風(fēng)向角和開(kāi)洞工況,為該類結(jié)構(gòu)合理設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。 采用CFD數(shù)值技術(shù)對(duì)不同長(zhǎng)跨比相同單一開(kāi)孔廠房縱墻的內(nèi)外表面平均風(fēng)壓進(jìn)行模擬并與風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較,驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值風(fēng)洞的有效性。探討了廠房長(zhǎng)度對(duì)縱墻內(nèi)外表面風(fēng)壓系數(shù)的影響,同時(shí)還研究了廠房端部效應(yīng)區(qū)的范圍以及廠房長(zhǎng)度增長(zhǎng)對(duì)其的影響。
[Abstract]:The wind pressure inside the structure will suddenly increase when the windows and doors are damaged under the strong wind due to the function requirement of the building. Wind disaster surveys over the years show that most of the damage to the enclosure structure (such as roof overturning and wall collapse) is caused by the combined action of internal and external pressure. When the hole size meets some conditions, the internal pressure will produce a strong resonance effect, which will greatly improve the internal pressure pulsation, which is extremely unfavorable to the safety of the enclosure structure. There are a large number of low-rise buildings and long-span factories in coastal areas often affected by typhoons. Reasonable estimation of extreme wind loads on structures is conducive to improving the anti-wind performance of these buildings and reducing economic losses under severe wind conditions. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of wind-induced internal pressure of different types of open-hole structures and its influencing factors, key orifice parameters, wind tunnel test methods and so on are systematically studied in combination with theoretical analysis and test. In this paper, the nonlinear transfer equations of internal pressure in the case of single hole, double cavity and multiple openings on the upwind surface are derived and linearized respectively. The accuracy of the transfer equations is verified by model tests. The effects of the opening area, internal volume, wind speed and wind direction on the dynamic characteristic parameters such as the resonance frequency of Helmholtz resonance and the equivalent damping ratio are analyzed. A theoretical identification method of unknown inertial coefficient and loss coefficient under random load is proposed, and the suggested values of these two parameters are given respectively. A loudspeaker excitation device is developed for the study of internal pressure response. The device can generate simple harmonic and random external pressure with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The accuracy of the derived identification formula is verified by a large number of model loudspeaker excitation tests and wind tunnel tests, and the factors affecting the parameters of the two orifice characteristics (including structural flexibility, model installation method, turbulence intensity, etc. Wind speed and wind direction, hole area and location, internal volume, etc. On the basis of similarity criterion, this paper analyzes the conditions that should be satisfied in wind tunnel test in various open hole forms to ensure the similarity between the test model and the prototype internal pressure dynamic characteristic model, and puts forward an accurate test method to measure the internal pressure. It is also pointed out that the test error of internal pressure response may be caused by wind tunnel test. The effects of the area of the hole, the location of the hole, the internal volume of the building, the wind speed and turbulence of the incoming flow, and the internal disturbance on the internal pressure pulsation, the equivalent damping ratio and the resonance response are comprehensively analyzed. The applicability of several simplified methods for predicting the RMS ratio of internal and external pressure pulsation is compared. The physical meaning of the undetermined constant in the equation and its possible influencing factors are analyzed. Taking the actual project of a large span ultra-high monolayer factory building in a coastal area as an example, the wind tunnel test of the internal exterior pressure is carried out under four kinds of hole opening forms, and the distribution law of the wind load and the peak factor of the internal pressure is obtained. Compared with the suggested values of the standard body shape coefficient and peak factor, the stress situation of the end of longitudinal wall is mainly investigated, and the wind direction angle and the hole opening condition which are most unfavorable to the force on roof and wall surface are given, which provides a reference for the reasonable design of this kind of structure. The CFD numerical method is used to simulate the average wind pressure on the inner and outer surface of the longitudinal wall of a single open-hole powerhouse with the same ratio of length to span, and the results are compared with those of the wind tunnel test, and the effectiveness of the numerical wind tunnel is verified. The influence of plant length on wind pressure coefficient of longitudinal wall surface is discussed, and the range of end effect zone and the influence of plant length growth on it are also studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU312.1
本文編號(hào)：2211841
[Abstract]:The wind pressure inside the structure will suddenly increase when the windows and doors are damaged under the strong wind due to the function requirement of the building. Wind disaster surveys over the years show that most of the damage to the enclosure structure (such as roof overturning and wall collapse) is caused by the combined action of internal and external pressure. When the hole size meets some conditions, the internal pressure will produce a strong resonance effect, which will greatly improve the internal pressure pulsation, which is extremely unfavorable to the safety of the enclosure structure. There are a large number of low-rise buildings and long-span factories in coastal areas often affected by typhoons. Reasonable estimation of extreme wind loads on structures is conducive to improving the anti-wind performance of these buildings and reducing economic losses under severe wind conditions. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of wind-induced internal pressure of different types of open-hole structures and its influencing factors, key orifice parameters, wind tunnel test methods and so on are systematically studied in combination with theoretical analysis and test. In this paper, the nonlinear transfer equations of internal pressure in the case of single hole, double cavity and multiple openings on the upwind surface are derived and linearized respectively. The accuracy of the transfer equations is verified by model tests. The effects of the opening area, internal volume, wind speed and wind direction on the dynamic characteristic parameters such as the resonance frequency of Helmholtz resonance and the equivalent damping ratio are analyzed. A theoretical identification method of unknown inertial coefficient and loss coefficient under random load is proposed, and the suggested values of these two parameters are given respectively. A loudspeaker excitation device is developed for the study of internal pressure response. The device can generate simple harmonic and random external pressure with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The accuracy of the derived identification formula is verified by a large number of model loudspeaker excitation tests and wind tunnel tests, and the factors affecting the parameters of the two orifice characteristics (including structural flexibility, model installation method, turbulence intensity, etc. Wind speed and wind direction, hole area and location, internal volume, etc. On the basis of similarity criterion, this paper analyzes the conditions that should be satisfied in wind tunnel test in various open hole forms to ensure the similarity between the test model and the prototype internal pressure dynamic characteristic model, and puts forward an accurate test method to measure the internal pressure. It is also pointed out that the test error of internal pressure response may be caused by wind tunnel test. The effects of the area of the hole, the location of the hole, the internal volume of the building, the wind speed and turbulence of the incoming flow, and the internal disturbance on the internal pressure pulsation, the equivalent damping ratio and the resonance response are comprehensively analyzed. The applicability of several simplified methods for predicting the RMS ratio of internal and external pressure pulsation is compared. The physical meaning of the undetermined constant in the equation and its possible influencing factors are analyzed. Taking the actual project of a large span ultra-high monolayer factory building in a coastal area as an example, the wind tunnel test of the internal exterior pressure is carried out under four kinds of hole opening forms, and the distribution law of the wind load and the peak factor of the internal pressure is obtained. Compared with the suggested values of the standard body shape coefficient and peak factor, the stress situation of the end of longitudinal wall is mainly investigated, and the wind direction angle and the hole opening condition which are most unfavorable to the force on roof and wall surface are given, which provides a reference for the reasonable design of this kind of structure. The CFD numerical method is used to simulate the average wind pressure on the inner and outer surface of the longitudinal wall of a single open-hole powerhouse with the same ratio of length to span, and the results are compared with those of the wind tunnel test, and the effectiveness of the numerical wind tunnel is verified. The influence of plant length on wind pressure coefficient of longitudinal wall surface is discussed, and the range of end effect zone and the influence of plant length growth on it are also studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU312.1
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，本文編號(hào)：2211841
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