開洞建筑風致內(nèi)壓響應的理論和試驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-29 17:02
【摘要】：建筑由于使用功能要求或者在強風作用下門窗破壞而形成開孔時,會使結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部風壓驟然增大。歷年的風災調(diào)查顯示,多數(shù)房屋圍護結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞(例如屋蓋掀翻和墻面倒塌)是由于內(nèi)外壓共同作用所造成的。當開孔大小符合某些條件時,內(nèi)壓將產(chǎn)生強烈的共振效應使得內(nèi)壓脈動得到大幅提高,對圍護結(jié)構(gòu)安全極為不利。我國經(jīng)常受臺風影響的沿海地區(qū)存在著大量低矮房屋和大跨廠房,合理的估算結(jié)構(gòu)所受的極值風荷載有利于提高這些建筑的抗風性能,減少惡劣風環(huán)境下的經(jīng)濟損失。本文結(jié)合理論分析和試驗對不同形式開孔結(jié)構(gòu)風致內(nèi)壓的動力特性及其影響因素、關(guān)鍵的孔口參數(shù)取值、風洞試驗方法等方面展開了系統(tǒng)的研究。 本文從理論上推導了單一開孔、開孔雙空腔、以及迎風面多開孔情況下內(nèi)壓的非線性傳遞方程,并分別對其進行線性化。結(jié)合模型試驗驗證了各傳遞方程的準確性,并分析了開孔面積,內(nèi)部容積,風速風向等對脈動內(nèi)壓均方根、Helmholtz共振頻率以及等效阻尼比等動力特性參數(shù)的影響。 提出了隨機荷載作用下未知慣性系數(shù)和損失系數(shù)的理論識別方法,并分別給出這兩個參數(shù)的建議取值。自行研制了揚聲器激振裝置用于內(nèi)壓響應的研究,該裝置能夠產(chǎn)生頻率和幅值可調(diào)節(jié)的簡諧和隨機外壓。通過大量模型的揚聲器激振試驗和風洞試驗來驗證所推導識別公式的準確性,并對影響這兩個孔口特征參數(shù)取值的因素(包括：結(jié)構(gòu)柔性,模型安裝方法,湍流強度,來流風速風向,開孔面積和位置,內(nèi)部容積等)進行了深入地考察。 基于相似性準則分析了風洞試驗時各種開孔形式下為保證試驗模型與原型內(nèi)壓動力特性相似性模型應該滿足的條件,提出了準確測試內(nèi)壓的試驗方法,并指出風洞試驗過程中可能導致內(nèi)壓響應測試誤差的情況。綜合分析了開孔面積,開孔位置,建筑內(nèi)部容積,來流風速和湍流度,以及內(nèi)部干擾等因素對內(nèi)壓脈動,等效阻尼比以及共振響應的影響。比較了內(nèi)外壓脈動均方根之比的幾種簡化預測方法的適用性,分析了方程中待定常數(shù)的物理意義及其可能的影響因素。 以4種開洞形式下某沿海地區(qū)大跨超高單層廠房的實際工程為例進行內(nèi)外表壓力的風洞測試,得出其風荷載及內(nèi)壓峰值因子的分布規(guī)律,并與規(guī)范體型系數(shù)和峰值因子的建議值進行了比較,重點考察了縱墻端部區(qū)的受力情況,給出了對屋蓋和墻面受力最不利的風向角和開洞工況,為該類結(jié)構(gòu)合理設計提供參考。 采用CFD數(shù)值技術(shù)對不同長跨比相同單一開孔廠房縱墻的內(nèi)外表面平均風壓進行模擬并與風洞試驗結(jié)果比較,驗證了數(shù)值風洞的有效性。探討了廠房長度對縱墻內(nèi)外表面風壓系數(shù)的影響,同時還研究了廠房端部效應區(qū)的范圍以及廠房長度增長對其的影響。
[Abstract]:The wind pressure inside the structure will suddenly increase when the windows and doors are damaged under the strong wind due to the function requirement of the building. Wind disaster surveys over the years show that most of the damage to the enclosure structure (such as roof overturning and wall collapse) is caused by the combined action of internal and external pressure. When the hole size meets some conditions, the internal pressure will produce a strong resonance effect, which will greatly improve the internal pressure pulsation, which is extremely unfavorable to the safety of the enclosure structure. There are a large number of low-rise buildings and long-span factories in coastal areas often affected by typhoons. Reasonable estimation of extreme wind loads on structures is conducive to improving the anti-wind performance of these buildings and reducing economic losses under severe wind conditions. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of wind-induced internal pressure of different types of open-hole structures and its influencing factors, key orifice parameters, wind tunnel test methods and so on are systematically studied in combination with theoretical analysis and test. In this paper, the nonlinear transfer equations of internal pressure in the case of single hole, double cavity and multiple openings on the upwind surface are derived and linearized respectively. The accuracy of the transfer equations is verified by model tests. The effects of the opening area, internal volume, wind speed and wind direction on the dynamic characteristic parameters such as the resonance frequency of Helmholtz resonance and the equivalent damping ratio are analyzed. A theoretical identification method of unknown inertial coefficient and loss coefficient under random load is proposed, and the suggested values of these two parameters are given respectively. A loudspeaker excitation device is developed for the study of internal pressure response. The device can generate simple harmonic and random external pressure with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The accuracy of the derived identification formula is verified by a large number of model loudspeaker excitation tests and wind tunnel tests, and the factors affecting the parameters of the two orifice characteristics (including structural flexibility, model installation method, turbulence intensity, etc. Wind speed and wind direction, hole area and location, internal volume, etc. On the basis of similarity criterion, this paper analyzes the conditions that should be satisfied in wind tunnel test in various open hole forms to ensure the similarity between the test model and the prototype internal pressure dynamic characteristic model, and puts forward an accurate test method to measure the internal pressure. It is also pointed out that the test error of internal pressure response may be caused by wind tunnel test. The effects of the area of the hole, the location of the hole, the internal volume of the building, the wind speed and turbulence of the incoming flow, and the internal disturbance on the internal pressure pulsation, the equivalent damping ratio and the resonance response are comprehensively analyzed. The applicability of several simplified methods for predicting the RMS ratio of internal and external pressure pulsation is compared. The physical meaning of the undetermined constant in the equation and its possible influencing factors are analyzed. Taking the actual project of a large span ultra-high monolayer factory building in a coastal area as an example, the wind tunnel test of the internal exterior pressure is carried out under four kinds of hole opening forms, and the distribution law of the wind load and the peak factor of the internal pressure is obtained. Compared with the suggested values of the standard body shape coefficient and peak factor, the stress situation of the end of longitudinal wall is mainly investigated, and the wind direction angle and the hole opening condition which are most unfavorable to the force on roof and wall surface are given, which provides a reference for the reasonable design of this kind of structure. The CFD numerical method is used to simulate the average wind pressure on the inner and outer surface of the longitudinal wall of a single open-hole powerhouse with the same ratio of length to span, and the results are compared with those of the wind tunnel test, and the effectiveness of the numerical wind tunnel is verified. The influence of plant length on wind pressure coefficient of longitudinal wall surface is discussed, and the range of end effect zone and the influence of plant length growth on it are also studied.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU312.1
本文編號：2211841
[Abstract]:The wind pressure inside the structure will suddenly increase when the windows and doors are damaged under the strong wind due to the function requirement of the building. Wind disaster surveys over the years show that most of the damage to the enclosure structure (such as roof overturning and wall collapse) is caused by the combined action of internal and external pressure. When the hole size meets some conditions, the internal pressure will produce a strong resonance effect, which will greatly improve the internal pressure pulsation, which is extremely unfavorable to the safety of the enclosure structure. There are a large number of low-rise buildings and long-span factories in coastal areas often affected by typhoons. Reasonable estimation of extreme wind loads on structures is conducive to improving the anti-wind performance of these buildings and reducing economic losses under severe wind conditions. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of wind-induced internal pressure of different types of open-hole structures and its influencing factors, key orifice parameters, wind tunnel test methods and so on are systematically studied in combination with theoretical analysis and test. In this paper, the nonlinear transfer equations of internal pressure in the case of single hole, double cavity and multiple openings on the upwind surface are derived and linearized respectively. The accuracy of the transfer equations is verified by model tests. The effects of the opening area, internal volume, wind speed and wind direction on the dynamic characteristic parameters such as the resonance frequency of Helmholtz resonance and the equivalent damping ratio are analyzed. A theoretical identification method of unknown inertial coefficient and loss coefficient under random load is proposed, and the suggested values of these two parameters are given respectively. A loudspeaker excitation device is developed for the study of internal pressure response. The device can generate simple harmonic and random external pressure with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The accuracy of the derived identification formula is verified by a large number of model loudspeaker excitation tests and wind tunnel tests, and the factors affecting the parameters of the two orifice characteristics (including structural flexibility, model installation method, turbulence intensity, etc. Wind speed and wind direction, hole area and location, internal volume, etc. On the basis of similarity criterion, this paper analyzes the conditions that should be satisfied in wind tunnel test in various open hole forms to ensure the similarity between the test model and the prototype internal pressure dynamic characteristic model, and puts forward an accurate test method to measure the internal pressure. It is also pointed out that the test error of internal pressure response may be caused by wind tunnel test. The effects of the area of the hole, the location of the hole, the internal volume of the building, the wind speed and turbulence of the incoming flow, and the internal disturbance on the internal pressure pulsation, the equivalent damping ratio and the resonance response are comprehensively analyzed. The applicability of several simplified methods for predicting the RMS ratio of internal and external pressure pulsation is compared. The physical meaning of the undetermined constant in the equation and its possible influencing factors are analyzed. Taking the actual project of a large span ultra-high monolayer factory building in a coastal area as an example, the wind tunnel test of the internal exterior pressure is carried out under four kinds of hole opening forms, and the distribution law of the wind load and the peak factor of the internal pressure is obtained. Compared with the suggested values of the standard body shape coefficient and peak factor, the stress situation of the end of longitudinal wall is mainly investigated, and the wind direction angle and the hole opening condition which are most unfavorable to the force on roof and wall surface are given, which provides a reference for the reasonable design of this kind of structure. The CFD numerical method is used to simulate the average wind pressure on the inner and outer surface of the longitudinal wall of a single open-hole powerhouse with the same ratio of length to span, and the results are compared with those of the wind tunnel test, and the effectiveness of the numerical wind tunnel is verified. The influence of plant length on wind pressure coefficient of longitudinal wall surface is discussed, and the range of end effect zone and the influence of plant length growth on it are also studied.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU312.1
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