辦公建筑內(nèi)部負荷擾量的特性分析與能耗預測
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 14:24
【摘要】：在影響建筑負荷和能耗的諸多因素中，內(nèi)部因素占了相當?shù)谋壤�，且隨著建筑圍護結構熱工特性的增強，建筑外部因素對建筑內(nèi)環(huán)境的影響減小，內(nèi)部因素的作用日益突出�，F(xiàn)有研究并沒有形成關于內(nèi)部因素對負荷和能耗的理論體系，同時沒有形成關于內(nèi)部因素在節(jié)能方面的技術體系，因此對建筑內(nèi)部對負荷和能耗產(chǎn)生影響的因素進行深入研究是十分必要的。 要進行建筑內(nèi)部因素的分析，首先要明確定義“內(nèi)部負荷擾量”。本文通過分析辦公建筑內(nèi)部負荷擾量的作用機理，歸納影響建筑負荷的內(nèi)部因素，包括室內(nèi)溫濕度設定、人員活動、設備使用、照明使用和外窗開啟程度5個方面，借用“以人為本”的思想，以人員為主線，提出內(nèi)部負荷擾量（簡稱內(nèi)擾）的定義和解析式。通過分析這些因素對建筑負荷的顯著性，界定本文的研究范圍為內(nèi)擾中對負荷影響最顯著的三個因素：人員、設備和照明，即狹義內(nèi)擾。 為了分析內(nèi)擾的特征，開展了對天津市辦公建筑典型辦公室的調(diào)研，調(diào)研分3個步驟，包括現(xiàn)場調(diào)研和調(diào)查問卷，觀察、記錄人員活動、設備使用和照明使用的信息。通過分析調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)，得到人員、設備、照明特征的定性分析和定量的數(shù)學描寫。對于室內(nèi)人員，發(fā)現(xiàn)對于多人辦公室，其平均人員在室率呈現(xiàn)“雙峰分布”特征，且該特征可以用三次多項式擬合得出，擬合精度在0.9左右。對于辦公室的主要設備電腦，論證了瞬時功率的出現(xiàn)是隨機過程，并采用馬爾科夫鏈蒙特卡洛（MCMC）方法分析電腦功率。對于其他設備和燈具，由于其使用規(guī)律和控制方法，使得其功率呈現(xiàn)典型的“0-1”特征，進而建立了其他設備和燈具功率的模型。 綜合以上模型，建立了內(nèi)擾引起的直接能耗預測模型。通過實例分析，驗證了該方法的可行性。根據(jù)建立的數(shù)學描寫和預測模型，，對空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的設計和控制等方面提出了初步的優(yōu)化建議。
[Abstract]:Internal factors account for a considerable proportion of the factors affecting building load and energy consumption, and with the enhancement of thermal characteristics of building envelopes, the impact of external factors on the internal environment of buildings decreases and the role of internal factors becomes increasingly prominent. At the same time, there is no technical system about the internal factors in energy saving, so it is necessary to study the factors that affect the load and energy consumption inside the building.
In order to analyze the internal factors of buildings, we must first define the "internal load disturbance". By analyzing the mechanism of the internal load disturbance of office buildings, this paper summarizes the internal factors affecting the building load, including indoor temperature and humidity setting, personnel activities, equipment use, lighting use and the degree of window opening. Based on the idea of "people-oriented", this paper puts forward the definition and analytic formula of internal load disturbance (internal disturbance for short).
In order to analyze the characteristics of internal disturbance, the investigation of typical office buildings in Tianjin was carried out. The investigation was divided into three steps, including on-site investigation and questionnaire, observation, recording personnel activities, equipment use and lighting use information. For indoor personnel, it is found that the average occupancy rate of multi-person office presents a "bimodal distribution" feature, which can be fitted by cubic polynomial, and the fitting accuracy is about 0.9. For the main office equipment computer, it is demonstrated that the instantaneous power is a random process, and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MC) is used. MC) method is used to analyze computer power. For other equipments and lamps, the typical "0-1" characteristic of their power is obtained because of their application rules and control methods, and the power models of other equipments and lamps are established.
Based on the above models, a direct energy consumption prediction model caused by internal disturbance is established, and the feasibility of the method is verified by an example analysis.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU111.195
[Abstract]:Internal factors account for a considerable proportion of the factors affecting building load and energy consumption, and with the enhancement of thermal characteristics of building envelopes, the impact of external factors on the internal environment of buildings decreases and the role of internal factors becomes increasingly prominent. At the same time, there is no technical system about the internal factors in energy saving, so it is necessary to study the factors that affect the load and energy consumption inside the building.
In order to analyze the internal factors of buildings, we must first define the "internal load disturbance". By analyzing the mechanism of the internal load disturbance of office buildings, this paper summarizes the internal factors affecting the building load, including indoor temperature and humidity setting, personnel activities, equipment use, lighting use and the degree of window opening. Based on the idea of "people-oriented", this paper puts forward the definition and analytic formula of internal load disturbance (internal disturbance for short).
In order to analyze the characteristics of internal disturbance, the investigation of typical office buildings in Tianjin was carried out. The investigation was divided into three steps, including on-site investigation and questionnaire, observation, recording personnel activities, equipment use and lighting use information. For indoor personnel, it is found that the average occupancy rate of multi-person office presents a "bimodal distribution" feature, which can be fitted by cubic polynomial, and the fitting accuracy is about 0.9. For the main office equipment computer, it is demonstrated that the instantaneous power is a random process, and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MC) is used. MC) method is used to analyze computer power. For other equipments and lamps, the typical "0-1" characteristic of their power is obtained because of their application rules and control methods, and the power models of other equipments and lamps are established.
Based on the above models, a direct energy consumption prediction model caused by internal disturbance is established, and the feasibility of the method is verified by an example analysis.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU111.195
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