建筑聲學(xué)縮尺模型測量關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 15:33
【摘要】：建筑聲學(xué)縮尺模型實驗是廳堂音質(zhì)設(shè)計的重要輔助手段。國際上對于以自然聲演出為主的大型廳堂，通常需在建筑設(shè)計初期通過聲學(xué)縮尺模型實驗來預(yù)測其音質(zhì)效果，，確保其建成后具有良好的音質(zhì)。2007年頒布的《廳堂音質(zhì)模型實驗規(guī)范GB/T50412-2007》對廳堂混響時間、聲場不均勻度和短延時反射聲序列分布的測量方法有具體說明。如何通過縮尺模型技術(shù)較準(zhǔn)確獲得廳堂中能量比、清晰度、空間感等音質(zhì)參數(shù)是模型實驗研究中的難點及熱點問題。本文針對建筑聲學(xué)縮尺模型測量的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)做了以下幾方面的研究，包括： 1．對建筑聲學(xué)縮尺模型測量系統(tǒng)進行了實驗驗證，在消聲室詳細(xì)測量分析了高頻脈沖聲源的線性衰減度和指向性，傳聲器連接鼻錐后的指向性。綜合以上測量分析結(jié)果，得出該套縮尺模型測量系統(tǒng)的有效測量頻帶范圍為630Hz～125kHz（1/3倍頻帶的中心頻率），即為562Hz～141.3kHz的頻率范圍內(nèi)。 2．按照國標(biāo)要求搭建了1:10和1:20兩個縮尺混響室，并對縮尺混響室的混響半徑、聲場均勻度及縮尺材料吸聲系數(shù)的計算方法進行了實驗驗證。根據(jù)材料的吸聲特性及在廳堂中的應(yīng)用將縮尺模擬材料分成多孔吸聲材料、薄板共振吸聲材料、座椅三大類進行詳細(xì)的匹配實驗，找尋到可用于廳堂常用吸聲構(gòu)造的縮尺模擬材料。同時根據(jù)多孔吸聲材料吸聲系數(shù)測量結(jié)果，綜合考慮縮尺材料與座椅椅墊吸聲系數(shù)與吸聲頻率特性匹配、加工簡單的要求，選擇合適的多孔吸聲材料制作縮尺座椅，詳細(xì)測量了不同材質(zhì)、不同排距座椅的吸聲系數(shù)，為縮尺廳堂模擬初步構(gòu)建了縮尺材料資料庫。 3．采用雙通道測量方法進行廳堂縮尺模型測量，其中一個通道為測量通道，用于記錄廳堂各測點脈沖響應(yīng)，另一通道用于固定參考點位置的脈沖響應(yīng)測量。以廣州大劇院歌劇廳（1:20）、天津文化中心大劇院（1:20）、天津文化中心音樂廳（1:10）三個縮尺模型實驗為例詳細(xì)論述了模型的制備、縮尺材料的模擬、及聲場參數(shù)測量方法。并將以上模型測量結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場實測結(jié)果進行對比，分析主要相關(guān)音質(zhì)參數(shù)測量的準(zhǔn)確度、縮尺模型聲場與足尺廳堂聲場的差異。對比分析結(jié)果表明，上述聲學(xué)縮尺模型測試技術(shù)可在1:20和1:10的縮尺比情況下較準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測廳堂重要單通道聲場參數(shù)，為保證上述重要觀演建筑廳堂的一流音質(zhì)起到了積極的作用。 4．受聲源和傳聲器的限制，縮尺模型實驗通常只能用于單通道脈沖響應(yīng)的測量，如何通過模型實驗準(zhǔn)確獲得廳堂空間感音質(zhì)參數(shù)-雙耳互相關(guān)系數(shù)IACC及實現(xiàn)可聽化是聲學(xué)縮尺模型實驗研究中的難點。為實現(xiàn)縮尺人工頭的準(zhǔn)確測量，本文提出了一種綜合利用3D掃描技術(shù)、3D建模技術(shù)和3D打印技術(shù)制作1:10縮尺人工頭的方法。利用該技術(shù)，不僅可保證縮尺人工頭面部、耳廓及軀干的精確尺寸，而且通過三維建模軟件建立了耳道的簡化3D模型，通過3D打印后制成包括耳道的縮尺人工頭，實現(xiàn)了將1/8英寸傳聲器內(nèi)置在縮尺人工頭內(nèi)的新方法。按照該方法制作的1:10縮尺人工頭的雙耳時間差I(lǐng)TD和雙耳聲壓級ILD及IACC測量結(jié)果能較準(zhǔn)確地與足尺人工頭的測量結(jié)果相對應(yīng)。經(jīng)該人工頭應(yīng)用于天津文化中心音樂廳1:10縮尺模型測量，結(jié)果表明模型與現(xiàn)場測量的IACC結(jié)果基本一致。該方法可用于建筑聲學(xué)縮尺模型實驗中廳堂空間感參數(shù)IACC的測量，并有望應(yīng)用于實現(xiàn)縮尺模型可聽化技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:The scale model experiment of architectural acoustics is an important auxiliary means for the acoustical design of the hall. For large auditorium with natural sound, the acoustical effect of the acoustical scale model is usually predicted in the early stage of the architectural design, and the sound quality model experiment rules issued by the sound quality.2007 year after the completion of the sound quality are ensured. The method of measuring the reverberation time of the hall, the unevenness of sound field and the distribution of the short delay reflected sound sequence is explained by fan GB/T50412-2007>. How to obtain the energy ratio, clarity and space sense by the scale model technique is the difficult and hot issue in the study of the model experiment. This paper is aimed at the scale of the architectural acoustics. The key technologies of model measurement have been studied in the following aspects, including:
1. the experimental verification of the building acoustic scale model measurement system is carried out. The linear attenuation and directivity of the high frequency pulse sound source are measured and analyzed in the anechoic chamber. The directivity of the microphone after the nose cone is connected. The effective measurement band range of the measuring system is 630Hz to 125kHz (1/3 The center frequency of the octave band is 562Hz to 141.3kHz frequency range.
2. the two scale reverberation rooms at 1:10 and 1:20 are set up according to the requirements of the national standard, and the calculation method of the reverberation radius, the uniformity of sound field and the sound absorption coefficient of the scale material in the miniature reverberation chamber is verified experimentally. The sound absorption properties of the materials and the application of the scale in the hall are divided into porous sound absorbing materials and the resonance absorption material of the thin plate. Material and seat three kinds of matching experiments are carried out in detail to find the scale analog material which can be used in the sound absorption structure of the hall. According to the measurement result of the sound absorption coefficient of the porous sound absorbing material, the matching of the sound absorption coefficient and the sound absorption frequency characteristic of the scale material and the seat cushion is considered, and the simple processing requirement is made, and the suitable porous sound absorption material is selected. The sound absorption coefficients of seats with different materials and row spacing were measured in detail. The data base of scale materials was preliminarily constructed for the simulation of scale hall.
3. the double channel measurement method is used to measure the auditorium scale model, one of which is the measurement channel, which is used to record the impulse response of the various points in the hall. The other channel is used to measure the impulse response of the fixed reference point position. The Guangzhou Grand Theatre Opera Hall (1:20), the Tianjin Cultural Center Grand Theatre (1:20), the Tianjin Cultural Center Concert Hall. Three scale model experiments are taken as an example to elaborate the preparation of the model, the simulation of the scale material and the method of measuring the parameters of the sound field. The accuracy of the measurement of the main related acoustic parameters, the difference between the sound field of the scale model and the sound field of the full scale hall are analyzed. The above acoustic scale model test technique can predict the important single channel sound field parameters of hall more accurately at the scale ratio of 1:20 and 1:10, and play an active role in ensuring the first class sound quality of the building hall.
4. limited by the sound source and the microphone, the scale model experiment can only be used only for the measurement of single channel impulse response. How to obtain the acoustical parameters of the hall space by the model experiment is the difficult point in the experimental study of the acoustic miniature model, which is the accurate measurement of the scale artificial head. In this paper, a method of making use of 3D scanning technology, 3D modeling technology and 3D printing technology to make the 1:10 scale artificial head is proposed, which can not only guarantee the exact size of the artificial head, face, ear and trunk, but also establish the simplified 3D model of the ear canal through the 3D modeling software, and make the contraction of the ear canal by 3D printing. A new method of putting the 1/8 inch microphone into the scale artificial head is realized by the ruler. The results of the two ears time difference ITD and the double ear sound pressure level ILD and IACC produced by this method are relatively accurate with the measurement results of full scale artificial head. The artificial head is applied to the Tianjin Cultural Center Concert Hall 1:1. The 0 scale model measurement shows that the model is basically in agreement with the IACC results measured in the field. This method can be used to measure the spatial sense parameter IACC of the auditorium in the building acoustics scale model experiment, and is expected to be applied to the realization of the scale model audible technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU112
[Abstract]:The scale model experiment of architectural acoustics is an important auxiliary means for the acoustical design of the hall. For large auditorium with natural sound, the acoustical effect of the acoustical scale model is usually predicted in the early stage of the architectural design, and the sound quality model experiment rules issued by the sound quality.2007 year after the completion of the sound quality are ensured. The method of measuring the reverberation time of the hall, the unevenness of sound field and the distribution of the short delay reflected sound sequence is explained by fan GB/T50412-2007>. How to obtain the energy ratio, clarity and space sense by the scale model technique is the difficult and hot issue in the study of the model experiment. This paper is aimed at the scale of the architectural acoustics. The key technologies of model measurement have been studied in the following aspects, including:
1. the experimental verification of the building acoustic scale model measurement system is carried out. The linear attenuation and directivity of the high frequency pulse sound source are measured and analyzed in the anechoic chamber. The directivity of the microphone after the nose cone is connected. The effective measurement band range of the measuring system is 630Hz to 125kHz (1/3 The center frequency of the octave band is 562Hz to 141.3kHz frequency range.
2. the two scale reverberation rooms at 1:10 and 1:20 are set up according to the requirements of the national standard, and the calculation method of the reverberation radius, the uniformity of sound field and the sound absorption coefficient of the scale material in the miniature reverberation chamber is verified experimentally. The sound absorption properties of the materials and the application of the scale in the hall are divided into porous sound absorbing materials and the resonance absorption material of the thin plate. Material and seat three kinds of matching experiments are carried out in detail to find the scale analog material which can be used in the sound absorption structure of the hall. According to the measurement result of the sound absorption coefficient of the porous sound absorbing material, the matching of the sound absorption coefficient and the sound absorption frequency characteristic of the scale material and the seat cushion is considered, and the simple processing requirement is made, and the suitable porous sound absorption material is selected. The sound absorption coefficients of seats with different materials and row spacing were measured in detail. The data base of scale materials was preliminarily constructed for the simulation of scale hall.
3. the double channel measurement method is used to measure the auditorium scale model, one of which is the measurement channel, which is used to record the impulse response of the various points in the hall. The other channel is used to measure the impulse response of the fixed reference point position. The Guangzhou Grand Theatre Opera Hall (1:20), the Tianjin Cultural Center Grand Theatre (1:20), the Tianjin Cultural Center Concert Hall. Three scale model experiments are taken as an example to elaborate the preparation of the model, the simulation of the scale material and the method of measuring the parameters of the sound field. The accuracy of the measurement of the main related acoustic parameters, the difference between the sound field of the scale model and the sound field of the full scale hall are analyzed. The above acoustic scale model test technique can predict the important single channel sound field parameters of hall more accurately at the scale ratio of 1:20 and 1:10, and play an active role in ensuring the first class sound quality of the building hall.
4. limited by the sound source and the microphone, the scale model experiment can only be used only for the measurement of single channel impulse response. How to obtain the acoustical parameters of the hall space by the model experiment is the difficult point in the experimental study of the acoustic miniature model, which is the accurate measurement of the scale artificial head. In this paper, a method of making use of 3D scanning technology, 3D modeling technology and 3D printing technology to make the 1:10 scale artificial head is proposed, which can not only guarantee the exact size of the artificial head, face, ear and trunk, but also establish the simplified 3D model of the ear canal through the 3D modeling software, and make the contraction of the ear canal by 3D printing. A new method of putting the 1/8 inch microphone into the scale artificial head is realized by the ruler. The results of the two ears time difference ITD and the double ear sound pressure level ILD and IACC produced by this method are relatively accurate with the measurement results of full scale artificial head. The artificial head is applied to the Tianjin Cultural Center Concert Hall 1:1. The 0 scale model measurement shows that the model is basically in agreement with the IACC results measured in the field. This method can be used to measure the spatial sense parameter IACC of the auditorium in the building acoustics scale model experiment, and is expected to be applied to the realization of the scale model audible technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU112
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