【摘要】：隨著挖掘機(jī)行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展以及社會(huì)環(huán)保意識(shí)的不斷增強(qiáng),國(guó)標(biāo)等法律法規(guī)對(duì)挖掘機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲限值要求越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格,用戶對(duì)挖掘機(jī)的NVH性能要求不斷提高。挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)作為挖掘機(jī)NVH性能的主要組成部分,是直接影響駕駛員操作安全、工作效率和身心健康的重要因素之一。為了更好的控制挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng),提升產(chǎn)品的NVH性能,增強(qiáng)我國(guó)挖掘機(jī)行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,研究挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)的傳遞路徑及各路徑的振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn),對(duì)挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)控制具有重要意義。 本文基于項(xiàng)目“XX型號(hào)挖掘機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲控制研究”,結(jié)合挖掘機(jī)減振降噪這一工程背景,開(kāi)展挖掘機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)到駕駛室座椅振動(dòng)工況傳遞路徑分析的課題研究。主要計(jì)算發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)四個(gè)安裝位置到駕駛室座椅振動(dòng)傳遞路徑的工況傳遞路徑分析模型,通過(guò)研究各路徑對(duì)座椅的振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)、各路徑傳遞率函數(shù)以及模型輸入,來(lái)分析該挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)中存在的問(wèn)題,并得出相應(yīng)的分析結(jié)論。 首先針對(duì)工況傳遞路徑分析方法應(yīng)用在挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)研究中存在的問(wèn)題,提出具體的改進(jìn)方法,并總結(jié)改進(jìn)后的工況傳遞路徑分析方法在應(yīng)用過(guò)程中的實(shí)施方案。然后結(jié)合本文的研究課題,設(shè)計(jì)挖掘機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)到座椅振動(dòng)的工況傳遞路徑分析模型及對(duì)應(yīng)的試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。最后利用試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解,并利用模型計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到座椅的振動(dòng)傳遞進(jìn)行研究。 采用頻譜分析找出挖掘機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)信號(hào)中峰值頻率,計(jì)算各路徑對(duì)座椅振動(dòng)傳遞的振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn),依據(jù)在峰值頻率處各路徑的振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)矢量圖以及有效振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn),分析影響座椅振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)較大的路徑,結(jié)合模型輸入與模型傳遞特性研究降低座椅振動(dòng)的改進(jìn)方法。 本文研究了挖掘機(jī)在最低轉(zhuǎn)速、額定轉(zhuǎn)速、最高轉(zhuǎn)速三個(gè)工況下發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到座犄的振動(dòng)傳遞,研究結(jié)果表明：座椅振動(dòng)在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)火頻率處的幅值最大,此頻率處的振動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)大主要是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)左前、右前減振后的振動(dòng)較大引起的,因此應(yīng)通過(guò)提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)左前、右前減振在發(fā)火頻段的減振性能來(lái)改善座椅振動(dòng)性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of excavator industry and the increasing awareness of social environmental protection, the national standard and other laws and regulations are more and more strict on the limit of vibration and noise of excavator, and the requirement of NVH performance of excavator is constantly improved. As the main component of excavator's NVH performance, excavator seat vibration is one of the important factors that directly affect driver's operation safety, working efficiency and physical and mental health. In order to better control the vibration of excavator seat, improve the NVH performance of the product and enhance the competitiveness of the excavator industry in China, the transmission path of the excavator seat vibration and the vibration contribution of each path are studied. It is of great significance for the vibration control of excavator seat. Based on the project "Research on Vibration and noise Control of XX Type excavator" and the engineering background of reducing vibration and noise of excavator, this paper studies the path analysis of vibration transfer from excavator engine vibration to cab seat vibration. This paper mainly calculates the operating mode transfer path analysis model from four engine installation positions to the cab seat vibration transfer path. By studying the contribution of each path to the seat vibration, the transfer rate function of each path and the input of the model are studied. The problems existing in the vibration of the excavator seat are analyzed, and the corresponding conclusions are obtained. Firstly, aiming at the problems existing in the research on the vibration of excavator seat, the concrete improvement method is put forward, and the implementation scheme of the improved method in the application process is summarized. Then, combined with the research topic of this paper, an analysis model of working mode transfer path and corresponding experimental design of excavator engine vibration to seat vibration are designed. Finally, the model is solved by experimental data, and the vibration transfer from engine to seat is studied by using the result of model calculation. The peak frequency of excavator seat vibration signal is found by spectrum analysis, and the vibration contribution of each path to seat vibration transmission is calculated. According to the vibration contribution vector diagram of each path at the peak frequency and the effective vibration contribution, This paper analyzes the path that affects the seat vibration greatly, and studies the improved method of reducing the seat vibration by combining the model input and the model transfer characteristics. In this paper, the vibration transfer from the engine to the seat is studied under three working conditions: the lowest speed, the rated speed and the highest speed. The results show that the vibration of the seat is the largest at the engine ignition frequency. The vibration contribution at this frequency is mainly caused by the large vibration of the engine after the left front and the right front damping. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the seat vibration performance by improving the damping performance of the engine left front and right front damping in the ignition frequency range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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