本文選題：預(yù)氯化 + 溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物��； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,越來越多的污染物通過不同的途徑排入水體,使飲用水水源受到了不同程度的污染。受此影響,預(yù)氯化工藝被廣泛地應(yīng)用于受污染水源水的處理,但其應(yīng)用卻會產(chǎn)生較高濃度的消毒副產(chǎn)物,降低飲用水的安全性。由于溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物的毒性遠(yuǎn)高于氯代消毒副產(chǎn)物,且在國內(nèi)飲用水廠出水中常被檢出,因此研究預(yù)氯化工藝對水源水溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物的影響具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文以天津市某水廠的水源水為研究對象,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模上建立模擬水廠工藝的水處理流程,通過3種不同工藝流程的對比,研究了預(yù)氯化和常規(guī)工藝對三鹵甲烷、鹵乙酸和總有機(jī)物的影響,以及總有機(jī)物對三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸的影響;通過改變原水中的溴離子濃度,研究了溴離子濃度對水處理工藝中溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物生成的影響及其對溴在三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸中分配的影響;通過改變預(yù)氯化工藝的投氯量,研究了預(yù)氯化工藝中的有效氯濃度對水處理工藝中溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物生成的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:預(yù)氯化對出廠水中消毒副產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)生有顯著影響,當(dāng)預(yù)氯化工藝中有效氯的投加濃度為1.2mg/L時(shí),有預(yù)氯化時(shí)最終出水中三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸的濃度約為沒有進(jìn)行預(yù)氯化時(shí)的1.3和1.4倍;混凝沉淀工藝對三鹵甲烷的去除率為10.3%,卻不能去除鹵乙酸,砂濾工藝對三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸的去除率分別為18.5%和9.25%;預(yù)氯化工藝能強(qiáng)化對有機(jī)物的去除效果,但是總有機(jī)物濃度對三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸生成濃度的影響很小,而氯則是兩者生成的重要限制因素。隨著溴離子濃度的增加,三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸的溴結(jié)合因子均升高,溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物比例升高,氯代消毒副產(chǎn)物比例降低。但是在本文設(shè)定的溴離子濃度變化范圍內(nèi),溴離子濃度對溴在三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸中的分配比例影響不大;4種水處理單元中,只有預(yù)氯化和消毒單元能改變溴代消毒副產(chǎn)物和氯代消毒副產(chǎn)物的比例。在水中有機(jī)物濃度充足的條件下,有效氯濃度越高,反應(yīng)時(shí)間越長,三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸的生成濃度越高;而預(yù)氯化中的投氯量會對最終出水中的三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸濃度產(chǎn)生直接影響,應(yīng)對其嚴(yán)加控制。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, more and more pollutants are discharged into the water body through different ways, which makes the drinking water source be polluted to different degrees. Under this influence, prechlorination process is widely used in the treatment of polluted source water, but its application will produce higher concentration of disinfection by-products and reduce the safety of drinking water. Because the toxicity of brominated disinfection by-products is much higher than that of chlorinated disinfection by-products, and is often detected in domestic drinking water plants, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the effect of pre-chlorination process on bromine disinfection by-products in source water. Taking the source water of a water plant in Tianjin as the research object, the water treatment process of simulated water plant process was established on a laboratory scale. Through the comparison of three different processes, the pre-chlorination and conventional process for trihalomethane were studied. The effects of haloacetic acid and total organic matter, and the effects of total organic matter on trihalomethane and haloacetic acid; by changing the concentration of bromine ions in raw water, The effects of bromine ion concentration on the formation of brominated disinfection by-products and the distribution of bromine in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid were studied. The effect of available chlorine concentration in prechlorination process on the formation of brominated disinfection by-products in water treatment process was studied. The experimental results show that pre-chlorination has a significant effect on the production of disinfection by-products in the water from the factory. When the concentration of available chlorine in the pre-chlorination process is 1.2 mg / L, The concentrations of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid in the final effluent with pre-chlorination were 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than those without pre-chlorination, and the removal rate of trihalomethane by coagulation and precipitation process was 10.3, but the haloacetic acid could not be removed. The removal rates of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid by sand filtration process were 18.5% and 9.25%, respectively, and the removal efficiency of organic matter was enhanced by pre-chlorination process, but the total organic matter concentration had little effect on the formation concentration of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid. Chlorine is an important limiting factor in the formation of both. With the increase of bromine ion concentration, the bromine binding factors of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid increased, the proportion of brominated disinfection by-products increased, and the proportion of chlorinated disinfection by-products decreased. However, in the range of bromine ion concentration set in this paper, the concentration of bromine ion has little effect on the distribution ratio of bromine in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid. Only prechlorination and disinfection units can change the proportion of brominated disinfection by-products and chlorinated disinfection by-products. The higher the concentration of available chlorine is and the longer the reaction time is, the higher the concentration of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid is. The concentration of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid in the final effluent will be directly affected by the amount of chlorine in the pre-chlorination, which should be strictly controlled.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2

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