本文選題：地下商場 + 煙氣控制　； 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：地下建筑只有內(nèi)部空間,沒有外部空間,熱量不易散失。與外界相連的出口少,內(nèi)部方向感差,封閉性強,很難通過自然方式進行通風(fēng)和采光,依賴人工照明和機械通風(fēng)。地下商場一般位于繁華地帶,單位面積大,人流量大,物資中不乏可燃易燃物品。因為這些特點,地下商場發(fā)生火災(zāi)時內(nèi)部溫度高、煙氣量大、人員疏散困難、撲救難度大,對人員安全威脅極大,特別是火災(zāi)時產(chǎn)生的高溫有毒煙氣不僅能夠降低空間內(nèi)的能見度,高溫的煙氣還會使火災(zāi)迅速蔓延和對人直接造成傷害。據(jù)火災(zāi)統(tǒng)計,在火災(zāi)事故中超過50%的受害者直接或者間接死于火災(zāi)煙氣傷害,有效的火災(zāi)煙氣控制系統(tǒng)對于保證地下建筑物內(nèi)的人員安全有重要作用。 本文針對某地下商場現(xiàn)有的煙氣控制系統(tǒng),結(jié)合室內(nèi)火災(zāi)與煙氣理論,分析了現(xiàn)有火災(zāi)模型,最終選取FDS作為本文使用的火災(zāi)模擬軟件,研究并確定火源熱釋放速率變化曲線和最大火源功率,設(shè)置邊界條件和模擬參數(shù)對煙氣控制效果進行了模擬評估。研究選定人眼特征高度的能見度與煙氣溫度作為危險判據(jù),通過分析模擬結(jié)果,針對能見度與煙氣溫度在較短時間內(nèi)達到危險狀態(tài)這一問題,提出增大排風(fēng)量和排煙口總面積的改進措施,并對改進措施進行模擬驗證。結(jié)果表明采取改進措施后能夠明顯改善煙氣控制效果,空間內(nèi)部能見度和煙氣溫度都有明顯變化。并且分析了現(xiàn)有疏散出口布置,模擬結(jié)果表明如果在建筑平面圖右側(cè)增加一個疏散出口,能夠大大縮短右側(cè)區(qū)域疏散時間并且有利于排煙時的自然補風(fēng)量,能夠更好的改善煙氣控制效果。
[Abstract]:Underground buildings have only internal space, no external space, heat is not easy to lose. It is difficult to ventilate and daylighting by natural way, relying on artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation. Underground shopping malls are generally located in the bustling area, unit area, large flow of people, no lack of combustible materials. Because of these characteristics, the underground shopping mall has high internal temperature, large amount of smoke, difficulty in evacuation, difficulty in fighting and rescuing, and it is a great threat to the safety of personnel. Especially the high temperature toxic smoke produced by fire can not only reduce the visibility in the space but also make the fire spread rapidly and cause direct harm to people. According to fire statistics, more than 50% of the victims of fire accidents died directly or indirectly from fire smoke injury. The effective fire smoke control system plays an important role in ensuring the safety of people in underground building. This paper analyzes the existing fire model according to the existing smoke control system of an underground shopping mall and the theory of indoor fire and smoke. Finally, FDS is selected as the fire simulation software to study and determine the fire source heat release rate curve and maximum fire source power, setting boundary conditions and simulation parameters to simulate and evaluate the smoke control effect. The visibility and flue gas temperature with high human eye characteristics are selected as hazard criteria. By analyzing the simulation results, the visibility and flue gas temperature reach the dangerous state in a short time. The improvement measures of increasing the exhaust air volume and the total area of exhaust air outlet are put forward, and the improvement measures are simulated and verified. The results show that the effect of smoke control can be improved obviously by adopting the improved measures, and the visibility and flue gas temperature in the space have obvious changes. The simulation results show that if an evacuation exit is added to the right side of the building plan, the evacuation time of the right side area can be greatly shortened and the natural air volume of the smoke exhaust can be greatly reduced. Can better improve the smoke control effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU967;TU922

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本文編號：1999695