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  本文選題：硅烷 + 防水��； 參考：《青島理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：鋼筋混凝土被廣泛使用的同時，其耐久性問題也越來越受到重視，，混凝土耐久性下降大多與水的作用有關�；炷劣梅雷o材料種類甚多，其中的硅烷類材料自身表面張力低，有杰出的滲透能力，在涂覆于混凝土表面之后，能夠舒展并滲透進入混凝土一定深度范圍內，并在毛細孔壁表面形成烷基憎水薄膜，降低混凝土基材的表面能，使混凝土表面由親水性變?yōu)槭杷�，阻止水分的侵入，同時保持混凝土的透氣性，賦予混凝土裂縫防護能力；而且硅烷類材料自身耐久性好、抗紫外線性能優(yōu)秀，基材的外觀在涂覆后幾乎不受影響，其優(yōu)秀的防護性能受到了廣泛的關注。 本文以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、異丁基三乙氧基硅烷等硅烷單體為原料，對制備過程進行了研究，主要包括制備硅烷聚合物的引發(fā)劑用量、反應時間、溫度，以及制備硅烷乳液的方法、反應溫度、乳化劑配比等。通過自由基聚合和硅烷乳化分別制備了硅烷聚合物和硅烷乳液，并研究了硅烷單體、硅烷聚合物、硅烷乳液對不同水灰比（0.4、0.5）的混凝土耐久性能的影響。試驗項目包括：毛細吸水試驗、毛細吸鹽試驗、氯離子滲透系數和滲透深度、加速碳化試驗、快速凍融試驗、硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗。結果表明，表面涂覆聚乙烯三乙氧基硅烷的混凝土，氯離子擴散系數僅為1.1×10-12m2·s-1，毛細吸水系數比未處理的混凝土降低了87%以上，硅烷單體也能使吸水系數降低85%以上，硅烷乳液效果較差，吸水系數降低77%~85%，在防護要求不苛刻的工程中，可以用硅烷乳液代替硅烷單體。同時硅烷聚合物在加速碳化實驗、快速凍融試驗、抗硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗中也有很好的效果，聚乙烯三乙氧基硅烷能將0.5水灰比的混凝土28天碳化深度降低88%，而且使混凝土有很好的抗凍性，抗硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗中有最穩(wěn)定的效果；而硅烷乳液在不同的試驗條件下的試驗結果卻很不穩(wěn)定。試驗結果為工程實際中對硅烷單體、乳液和聚合物的選擇和使用提供了參考。 硅烷材料能夠不同程度地提高混凝土的耐久性，在國內外橋梁、公路等工程中得到了廣泛的應用。硅烷單體滲透深度深，有效成分較高，有著較好的防護效果，但揮發(fā)性大、有毒性等缺點阻礙了其廣泛應用。硅烷乳液的防水效果雖然稍遜于硅烷單體，但是其穩(wěn)定性好、揮發(fā)率低、毒性小。硅烷聚合物雖然滲透深度較小，但是自身耐久性好，而且在各種試驗中得出穩(wěn)定、出色的防護效果。結果表明，本課題自主制備的硅烷材料能夠明顯降低混凝土的吸水系數，提高抗氯離子、抗硫酸鹽、抗碳化與抗凍融的能力。
[Abstract]:With the widespread use of reinforced concrete, more and more attention has been paid to the durability of reinforced concrete. The deterioration of concrete durability is mostly related to the effect of water. There are many kinds of protective materials for concrete, among which silane materials have low surface tension and excellent permeability. After coating on concrete surface, they can spread and penetrate into a certain depth of concrete. The alkyl hydrophobicity film is formed on the surface of the capillary wall to reduce the surface energy of the concrete substrate, so that the surface of the concrete changes from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, which prevents the water from invading, and at the same time keeps the permeability of the concrete and endows the concrete with the ability of crack protection. Moreover, silane materials have good durability, excellent UV resistance, and the appearance of the substrate is almost unaffected after coating, and its excellent protective performance has been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the preparation process of silane monomers, such as vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, methyl triethoxy silane, octyl triethoxy silane and isobutyl triethoxy silane, was studied. It mainly includes the amount of initiator, reaction time, temperature, the method of preparing silane emulsion, reaction temperature, emulsifier ratio and so on. Silane polymer and silane emulsion were prepared by free radical polymerization and silane emulsification, respectively. The effects of silane monomer, silane polymer and silane emulsion on the durability of concrete with different water-cement ratio (0.4g / 0.5) were studied. The test items include capillary water absorption test, capillary salt absorption test, chloride ion permeation coefficient and penetration depth, accelerated carbonization test, rapid freeze-thaw test and sulfate erosion test. The results show that the chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete coated with polyethylene triethoxy silane is only 1.1 脳 10-12m2 s-1, the capillary water absorption coefficient is more than 87% lower than that of untreated concrete, and silane monomer can also reduce the water absorption coefficient by more than 85%. The effect of silane emulsion is poor, the water absorption coefficient is reduced by 77% and 85%. In the engineering with low protection requirements, silane emulsion can be used instead of silane monomer. At the same time, silane polymers also have good results in accelerated carbonation test, rapid freeze-thaw test and sulfate corrosion resistance test. Polyethylene triethoxy silane can reduce the carbonation depth of 0.5 water-cement ratio concrete in 28 days by 88%, and make the concrete have very good frost resistance, and it has the most stable effect in the sulfate corrosion resistance test. However, the test results of silane emulsion under different experimental conditions are very unstable. The experimental results provide a reference for the selection and application of silane monomers, emulsions and polymers in engineering practice. Silane materials can improve the durability of concrete in varying degrees, and have been widely used in bridges, highways and other projects at home and abroad. Silane monomer has deep permeation depth, high effective component and good protective effect, but it is widely used because of its high volatility and toxicity. The waterproofing effect of silane emulsion is inferior to that of silane monomer, but its stability is good, volatilization is low and toxicity is small. Although the penetration depth of silane polymer is small, its durability is good, and stable and excellent protective effect is obtained in various tests. The results show that the self-made silane material can obviously reduce the water absorption coefficient of concrete and improve the ability of resisting chloride ion, sulfate, carbonation and freezing and thawing.
【學位授予單位】：青島理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU528

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本文編號：1956276