本文選題：超聲波檢測(cè)技術(shù) + 徑向壓電超聲傳感器　； 參考：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年來(lái),建筑行業(yè)隨經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展得到了快速發(fā)展�；炷敛牧喜粌H被廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑領(lǐng)域中,還被廣泛應(yīng)用于道路和橋梁的建設(shè)中,其工程質(zhì)量與混凝土的結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量息息相關(guān)。工程結(jié)構(gòu)受到各種因素的綜合作用,使其不斷老化,結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性和耐久性問題也日漸嚴(yán)峻,因此對(duì)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)具有重要的意義。因壓電陶瓷的響應(yīng)快、價(jià)格低和頻帶寬等性能優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用于土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)中。此外,壓電陶瓷具有自感知和自驅(qū)動(dòng)的功能,所以基于壓電陶瓷的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)得到了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。本文基于壓電陶瓷的特性制備了一種新型徑向壓電超聲傳感器,將其應(yīng)用于混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)中,采用超聲波檢測(cè)技術(shù)檢測(cè)混凝土強(qiáng)度以及缺陷。具體的研究工作如下:(1)本文基于壓電陶瓷的特性,研究了一種適用于混凝土檢測(cè)的植入式新型徑向壓電超聲傳感器。發(fā)射型傳感器以PZT-41壓電陶瓷管為傳感元件,接收型傳感器以PZT-52壓電陶瓷管為傳感元件,由背襯層和匹配層封裝后組成。研究了徑向壓電超聲傳感器的匹配層厚度、線性度、靈敏度以及指向性四個(gè)方面的性能。研究結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)匹配層的厚度設(shè)為2.5mm時(shí),首波幅值為1.083V,此時(shí)徑向壓電超聲傳感器的靈敏度最高,接收的信號(hào)最優(yōu);此外,當(dāng)徑向壓電超聲傳感器的激勵(lì)頻率為50kHz時(shí),徑向壓電超聲傳感器的線性度最好,各傳感器的線性相關(guān)系數(shù)比較相近,且此時(shí)靈敏度最高;最后研究發(fā)現(xiàn)徑向壓電超聲傳感器可以在360°方向上均勻發(fā)射和接收超聲波信號(hào),且四周發(fā)射和接收的信號(hào)是相似的。(2)本文制備了不同強(qiáng)度等級(jí)的混凝土試塊,將發(fā)射型徑向壓電超聲傳感器埋入混凝土試塊的中心位置,采用超聲技術(shù)連續(xù)對(duì)混凝土前28天強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行檢測(cè),分析所接收信號(hào)的聲學(xué)參數(shù)與混凝土強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而表征混凝土的強(qiáng)度。研究結(jié)果表明:超聲波的傳播速度隨養(yǎng)護(hù)齡期的增加而逐漸增加,最終趨于平穩(wěn);與此同時(shí)主頻向右偏移,即呈現(xiàn)頻率增大的趨勢(shì),并且主頻所對(duì)應(yīng)的幅值也是逐漸增大的。通過聲速與強(qiáng)度的擬合曲線得到回歸方程,線性相關(guān)系數(shù)R值相對(duì)較高,即線性相關(guān)性較好,這表明聲速與強(qiáng)度有很大的關(guān)系,即強(qiáng)度越大,聲速越大。(3)采用MTS疲勞試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)素混凝土梁進(jìn)行三點(diǎn)彎曲測(cè)試,研究了超聲信號(hào)的聲時(shí)、幅值、頻率等聲學(xué)參數(shù)與混凝土裂紋之間的關(guān)系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著加載載荷的逐漸增大,接收波的波形出現(xiàn)比較雜亂的現(xiàn)象,并且連續(xù)出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)波包;隨著載荷的增大,聲時(shí)出現(xiàn)延長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象,幅值呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)素混凝土梁表面出現(xiàn)宏觀的裂縫時(shí),主頻、幅值迅速減小,RMSD值大于0.8,其中以波幅的變化最為明顯。因此,可以通過徑向壓電超聲傳感器接收信號(hào)的幅值、主頻對(duì)應(yīng)的幅值、RMSD值等參數(shù)的變化來(lái)表征混凝土的損傷狀況。通過在混凝土內(nèi)預(yù)制空洞,研究徑向壓電超聲傳感器接收信號(hào)的幅值、頻率等參數(shù)隨檢測(cè)深度的變化,識(shí)別空洞的位置。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)檢測(cè)深度為12cm時(shí),傳感器所接收的超聲波信號(hào)的峰值為7.9mV,頻率為39.67kHz。由統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法得出:在該深度時(shí),混凝土內(nèi)部存在空洞,這與實(shí)際預(yù)制空洞時(shí)的深度大致相符,因此制備的徑向超聲傳感器可用于檢測(cè)混凝土內(nèi)的空洞。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the construction industry has developed rapidly with the development of the economy. Concrete materials are not only widely used in the construction field, but also widely used in the construction of roads and bridges. The quality of the construction is closely related to the quality of the concrete structure. The engineering structure is subjected to a comprehensive effect of various factors, so that it is aging and structure. The problem of safety and durability is becoming more and more serious, so it is of great significance to detect the structure of concrete. Because of its fast response, low price and wide bandwidth, it is widely used in the detection of civil engineering structures. In addition, the piezoelectric ceramics have self sensing and self driving functions, so the mixture of piezoelectric ceramics is based on the mixing of piezoelectric ceramics. In this paper, a new type of radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is prepared based on the characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics. It is applied to the test of concrete structure, and the ultrasonic testing technology is used to detect the strength and defects of concrete. The specific research work is as follows: (1) this paper is based on the piezoelectric ceramics. A new type of implantable radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor suitable for concrete detection is studied. The transmitter sensor uses PZT-41 piezoelectric ceramic tube as sensing element, and the receiving sensor takes PZT-52 piezoelectric ceramic tube as sensing element. The sensor is composed of the backing layer and the matching layer. The matched layer thickness of the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is studied. The results show that when the thickness of the matching layer is set to 2.5mm, the amplitude of the first wave is 1.083V, and the sensitivity of the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is the highest and the received signal is the best. In addition, when the excitation frequency of the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is 50kHz, the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is used. The linearity of the device is the best, the linear correlation coefficient of each sensor is similar and the sensitivity is the highest at this time. Finally, it is found that the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor can transmit and receive the ultrasonic signals evenly in the direction of 360 degrees, and the signals around and received are similar. (2) the concrete test blocks with different strength grades are prepared in this paper. The radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is embedded in the central position of the concrete block, and the strength of the concrete before 28 days is tested by ultrasonic technology. The relationship between the acoustic parameters of the received signal and the strength of concrete is analyzed, and the strength of concrete is characterized. The results show that the propagation speed of ultrasonic wave increases with the age of curing. At the same time, the main frequency shift to the right, at the same time, the frequency of the main frequency is increasing, and the amplitude of the main frequency is gradually increasing. The regression equation is obtained by the fitting curve of the sound velocity and the intensity. The linear correlation coefficient R value is relatively high, that is, the linear correlation is better, which indicates that the sound speed and the intensity are very good. The bigger the relationship is, the greater the strength and the greater the sound speed. (3) the MTS fatigue test machine is used to test the three point bending of the plain concrete beam, and the relationship between the acoustic parameters of the ultrasonic signal, amplitude, frequency and other acoustic parameters is studied. With the increase of the load, the sound time is prolonged and the amplitude appears to increase first and then decrease. When there is a macro crack on the surface of the plain concrete beam, the main frequency and amplitude decrease rapidly and the RMSD value is more than 0.8, and the amplitude is the most obvious. Therefore, the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor can be used to connect it. The amplitude of the signal, the amplitude of the main frequency and the change of the RMSD value are used to characterize the damage of the concrete. The amplitude of the receiving signal of the radial piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is studied by prefabricating the cavity in the concrete. The frequency and other parameters are identified with the change of the depth of the detection. The research shows that when the depth of detection is 12cm, the sensor is found. The peak value of the received ultrasonic signal is 7.9mV, and the frequency is 39.67kHz. by statistical method. At this depth, there is a hole in the concrete, which is approximately consistent with the depth of the actual prefabricated cavity. Therefore, the radial ultrasonic sensor prepared can be used to detect the void in the concrete.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU755.7;TP212

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