本文關(guān)鍵詞： 長三角地區(qū) 城市化 氣溫變化 城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)面積　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了評估區(qū)域城市化對氣溫的影響,從而了解中國長三角地區(qū)城市化的氣候效應(yīng),基于國內(nèi)外已經(jīng)將DMSP/OLS燈光數(shù)據(jù)廣泛用于估算城鎮(zhèn)人口、耗電量、國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP),分析城市面積擴(kuò)展對土地資源的影響,分析城市熱島效應(yīng)的城市監(jiān)測等研究,本文采用均一化處理后的國家氣象站氣溫觀測資料以及美國軍事氣象衛(wèi)星計劃/線性掃描業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)觀測的非輻射定標(biāo)夜間燈光數(shù)據(jù),分別運用線性傾向估計法和燈光閾值提取法,分析了長三角近二十年來的氣溫變化特征和城市化空間擴(kuò)展進(jìn)程,以及兩者之間存在的聯(lián)系,并在研究城市化空間擴(kuò)展的基礎(chǔ)上,選取城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)面積演變進(jìn)程較快的城市為研究對象,利用MODIS地溫反演數(shù)據(jù)對該城市的全年和四季逐年的熱島強(qiáng)度演變進(jìn)程進(jìn)行分析,以便進(jìn)一步驗證城市化對城市溫度的影響。主要結(jié)論如下： (1)1992-2007年期間長江三角洲地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了一個快速的城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)空間擴(kuò)展過程,且城市之間出現(xiàn)了連片趨勢,區(qū)域內(nèi)部存在著較大差異,其基本態(tài)勢是以上海市為中心,城市化水平向外圍逐漸遞減；1992-2000年間城市群的城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展速度較慢；2000-2007年間城市群的城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展速度明顯加快。 1992-2007年期間長三角地區(qū)16個城市的城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展模式大概分為四類：由“市區(qū)”到“市區(qū)+斑點”、由“市區(qū)”到“市區(qū)”、由“市區(qū)+斑點”到“連成一片”和由“市區(qū)+斑點”到“市區(qū)、斑點同步發(fā)展”。 (2)長三角地區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)面積擴(kuò)張反映出的城市化,在一定程度上影響了城市的氣溫變化。近二十年(1989-2007)來,整個長三角地區(qū)年、季平均氣溫都呈上升趨勢,其中年平均氣溫線性增溫率為0.8℃/10a,春季增溫率最高,達(dá)1.1℃/10a,冬季的增溫率最低,為0.5℃/10a。 (3)1989-2007年期間,長三角地區(qū)16個城市的年、季平均氣溫的增溫趨勢大體和整個長三角地區(qū)保持一致。16個城市的年平均氣溫線性增溫率介于0.6～1.0℃/10a之間,增溫率呈現(xiàn)空間非均勻分布特征,其中1989-1999年間的年平均氣溫波動性較大,而在2000-2007年間的氣溫波動性較小。1989-2007年間,16個城市的季平均氣溫增溫率及波動性也呈現(xiàn)空間非均勻特征；春、夏、秋3個季節(jié)的平均氣溫波動性基本上也以2000年左右為分界線,之前波動性較大,之后波動性較小；冬季以1997年為界,之前波動較小,之后波動較大。 (4)整體上,2001-2007年間的年平均氣溫線性增溫率要比1989-2000年間的增溫率高。就季平均氣溫線性增溫率而言,16個城市中大部分城市在1989-2000年間春、冬季氣溫增溫率要比2001-2007年間要高,春季和夏季正好相反。長三角地區(qū)在1989-2000年和2001-2007年兩時段的年平均氣溫差值為0.8℃；在兩個時段四季的平均氣溫差值中,春季最大為1.0℃,冬季最小為0.6℃。 (5)1992-2007年和2000-2007年間城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)面積變化與年、季平均氣溫的變化具有較好的一致性。在1989-2007年時間段,長三角地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展主要影響春季平均氣溫的增大,整個長三角地區(qū)春季平均氣溫的線性增溫率為1.13℃/10a。通過MODIS地溫反演數(shù)據(jù)對蘇州、上海和嘉興三個城市2001-2007年間的各級熱島強(qiáng)度面積的逐年演變過程進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)蘇州、上海的熱島區(qū)和過渡區(qū)呈逐年波動增加趨勢,溫度較低區(qū)呈逐年波動減小趨勢,對應(yīng)于城鎮(zhèn)建成區(qū)的擴(kuò)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:In order to influence on the temperature of the assessment area of the city, so as to understand the climatic effects of China city in the Yangtze River Delta region, based on the domestic and foreign DMSP/OLS has been widely used to estimate the light data of urban population, consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), analysis of city area expansion of the land resources, analysis of the city monitoring of urban heat island effect, this paper the national weather station temperature data normalized after treatment and a US military meteorological satellite program / non linear scanning radiation observation service system calibration of night light data, using linear trend estimation and light threshold extraction method, analyzes the variation characteristics of temperature and the Yangtze River Delta city spatial expansion process in the past twenty years, there are and the relationship between the two, and in the study of city spatial expansion on the selection of urban built-up area evolution process faster Based on the MODIS geothermal inversion data, this paper analyzes the evolution process of urban heat island intensity in the whole year and four seasons, so as to further verify the impact of urbanization on urban temperature.
(1) during the period of 1992-2007 in Yangtze River Delta region has experienced a process of expansion of built-up area of urban space, the city and the contiguous trend, there are big differences within the region, the basic situation in Shanghai city as the center, city level decreased gradually to the periphery; expand slower built-up area during 1992-2000 city the town built area in 2000-2007 city; urban expansion group significantly faster.
During the period of 1992-2007 in the Yangtze River Delta 16 city urban expansion pattern roughly divided into four categories: from "urban" to "urban + spots", from "city" to "city", from "urban + spots" to "one piece" and the "urban + spots" to "city, spot synchronous development".
(2) in the Yangtze River Delta urban built-up area expansion reflects the city, influence of temperature change of the city to a certain extent. In recent twenty years (1989-2007), the Yangtze River Delta region, season average temperature rise, the annual average temperature of 0.8 degrees linear warming rate of /10a, increasing in spring the temperature was the highest, up to 1.1 DEG /10a, warming in winter was the lowest, 0.5 C /10a.
(3) during the 1989-2007 years, the 16 city of the Yangtze River Delta region, the warming trend of seasonal mean temperature in the Yangtze River Delta region and keep the annual average temperature of linear uniform.16 city between the rate of temperature increase between 0.6 to 1 DEG /10a, the warming rate showed spatial heterogeneity, of which 1989-1999 years the average annual the temperature fluctuation, and in 2000-2007 Years the temperature fluctuation of smaller.1989-2007 years, the average temperature of 16 city seasonal warming rate and the volatility also showed space heterogeneity; spring, summer, autumn 3 season average temperature fluctuation basically in 2000 as the dividing line, before fluctuation later, less volatility; winter in 1997, before the small fluctuations, after fluctuations.
(4) on the whole, the annual average temperature during 2001-2007 linear warming rate higher than warming during 1989-2000. The season average temperature linear warming rate, 16 in the city most of the city during the period of 1989-2000 in spring, winter temperature warming rate is higher than 2001-2007 years, spring and summer is on the contrary. The Yangtze River Delta region in 1989-2000 and 2001-2007 two times the annual average temperature difference is 0.8 DEG C; the average temperature difference of the two seasons in the spring period, the maximum is 1 DEG C, winter minimum is 0.6 degree Celsius.
(5) the built-up area change and 1992-2007 years and 2000-2007 Years of town, consistent with the change of season average temperature. In 1989-2007 years time, built area of Yangtze River Delta urban expansion mainly affect the increase of average temperature in spring, the entire Yangtze River Delta region, the average temperature of the linear spring warming rate is 1.13 DEG /10a. by MODIS the temperature inversion data of Suzhou were analyzed, the intensity of heat island area of Shanghai and Jiaxing at three city during 2001-2007 year by year evolution found in Suzhou, Shanghai island area and transition area showed an increasing trend fluctuation, the low temperature region was gradually reduce the fluctuation trend, the corresponding area in the town built expansion trend.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU982.2;X16

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