本文關鍵詞：住房成本與通勤成本的空間互動關系——來自北京市場的微觀證據及其宏觀含義，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

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宏觀經濟管理與可持續(xù)發(fā)展

通勤成本

     The Spatial Interaction of Housing Cost and Commuting Cost:Evidence from Beijing Market

     住房成本與通勤成本的空間互動關系——來自北京市場的微觀證據及其宏觀含義

短句來源

     Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.

     住房成本和通勤成本是城市空間結構中兩個相互關聯的內生變量。

短句來源

     ( b ) lower cost;

     (b)成本低;

短句來源

     Cost System Englineering

     成本系統(tǒng)工程

短句來源

     Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.

     住房成本和通勤成本是城市空間結構中兩個相互關聯的內生變量。

短句來源

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  commuting costs

The intuition behind it is that the increase in commuting costs for landowners due to renter-immigration is overlooked in Sasaki's model.

Above we have presumed that the commuting costs are determined by a drawing from a homogeneous distribution, ignoring the travel mode decision.

Agglomeration is also sustainable for low values of transport costs provided that commuting costs are also sufficiently low.

An individual receives a wage w when employed and incurs commuting costs t, and receives unemployment benefits z when unemployed.

At the city level, communication costs act as the agglomeration force and commuting costs as the dispersion force.

更多          

One of the major demographic trends in China during the past 20 years has been the rapid growth of the cities, hence a dramatic redistribution of the population. Shanghai, the biggest city in Chi- na, has experienced a marked decentralization of the urban population, with the rural population urbanizing at an accelerated pace. This process of population redistribution will continue and intensify, and the consequent problems should be taken into due consideration.

近２０年來，我國城市迅速發(fā)展，，其人口分布態(tài)勢發(fā)生了一系列重大變化。全國最大城市上海，其中心城區(qū)范圍擴大，人口密度顯著下降；城區(qū)核心部分人口絕對數。持續(xù)減少，城區(qū)外緣部分人口大量導入，城市人口分布出現明顯的郊區(qū)化特點；在郊區(qū)農村，城市化迅速推進，農民居住趨于集中，一個以城區(qū)為核心的多層次、組團式的合理城鎮(zhèn)體系正在形成。以上人口再分布過程，在今后一段較長時期內，還將持續(xù)進行，強度還可望進一步加大。對于人口再分布過程中出現的人戶分離、中心城區(qū)“空心化”、市民通勤成本上升等問題，也應給予足夠的重視。

Industrialization and economic growth has driven urban development. As city becomes big, so is the problem of “so-called" urban illnesses that include traffic congestion, housing crowding, and environmental pollution etc. Started in 1960s, satellite city development strategy became appealing and attribute to urban scholars, officials and professionals to address these urban problems. This is based on argument that satellite cities/towns will diffuse city functions as well as urban population and/or “intercept"...

Industrialization and economic growth has driven urban development. As city becomes big, so is the problem of “so-called" urban illnesses that include traffic congestion, housing crowding, and environmental pollution etc. Started in 1960s, satellite city development strategy became appealing and attribute to urban scholars, officials and professionals to address these urban problems. This is based on argument that satellite cities/towns will diffuse city functions as well as urban population and/or “intercept" migration into central city. Empirical studies reveal that government promoted or “created" satellite cities and towns have played limited roles such as urban growth dispersion and diffusion, promotion of transit oriented development, and more housing choices for residents in central city. Studies also demonstrate that negative impacts of satellite cities and towns may outweigh these possible effects. Negative impacts include, but not limited to, (1) inability to redirect and/or control central city growth; (2) job-housing unbalance; (3) rising transportation costs, and (4) low sustainable development for satellite cities and towns.

為解決日益嚴重的“城市病”,一些學者提出通過發(fā)展“自給自足”的衛(wèi)星城來分流流向大城市的人口,以此限制大城市的發(fā)展。衛(wèi)星城發(fā)展的目的有:(1)截流流向中心城市的人口,控制中心城市人口規(guī)模的增長;(2)將中心城市的一些經濟職能(特別是工業(yè)職能,如污染工業(yè)等)轉移到新建的衛(wèi)星城。國際經驗表明,衛(wèi)星城發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略所起的正面作用有:(1)控制中心城市發(fā)展,促進“離心”發(fā)展;(2)促進公交導向的城市發(fā)展模式;(3)為內城居民提供另一個居住選擇,從而可以提高生活質量。衛(wèi)星城有限的功能可能遠遠不及衛(wèi)星城發(fā)展帶來的負面影響。其負面影響包括:(1)衛(wèi)星城分散或截流人口的效果不佳;(2)就業(yè)-居住不平衡。(3)高通勤成本;(4)衛(wèi)星城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展性低。

Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.Households make trade-off between these two costs when choosing their residential locations,which in turn generate the spatial structure of housing price,construction density and commuting patterns.This paper reviews the theoretical equilibrium relationship between commuting cost and housing cost,discusses the impacts of various factors in real world on such a relationship,and provides some empirical evidence...

Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.Households make trade-off between these two costs when choosing their residential locations,which in turn generate the spatial structure of housing price,construction density and commuting patterns.This paper reviews the theoretical equilibrium relationship between commuting cost and housing cost,discusses the impacts of various factors in real world on such a relationship,and provides some empirical evidence using the data from a special-designed survey in Beijing.We also discuss two implications of the empirical results in our paper for the public policies in urban growth management.One is that commuting cost should be considered together with housing cost when studying urban Households' housing affordability;the other is that the extreme departure of housing and jobs may produce negative outcomes,e.g.,the bed-community at city edge,traffic congestion,air pollution,and spatial mismatch problem for disadvantaged population groups.

住房成本和通勤成本是城市空間結構中兩個相互關聯的內生變量。居民在進行居住區(qū)位選擇時,會在這兩者之間進行權衡,從而形成住房價格、建筑密度和通勤行為在空間上的變化規(guī)律。本文回顧了通勤成本和住房成本間的理論均衡關系,探討了各種現實情況是如何影響這個理論關系的;并利用大規(guī)模調研所采集的北京市微觀個體數據,提供了這一互動關系的一些定量證據;最后從兩個角度探討了這種互動關系在城市管理的公共政策方面的宏觀含義:考慮通勤成本后的住房支付能力評價,以及就業(yè)與居住過度分離的社會效果分析。

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  本文關鍵詞：住房成本與通勤成本的空間互動關系——來自北京市場的微觀證據及其宏觀含義，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。