【摘要】：中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)城鄉(xiāng)“二元”結(jié)構(gòu)的本質(zhì)是兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域內(nèi)兩種生產(chǎn)力水平的差異，把農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作為國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略開展社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，把以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)的城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展模式作為向農(nóng)村遷移先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的基本手段，實(shí)現(xiàn)城市與農(nóng)村兩個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)生產(chǎn)力水平的均衡發(fā)展，是保證農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的外部動(dòng)力。依托“生態(tài)文明”和“信息化”建設(shè)的國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式，創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村經(jīng)營(yíng)模式，建立以農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為主體，，相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為支撐，立足農(nóng)村的生產(chǎn)和需求，構(gòu)建并開放有中國(guó)特色的農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)，建立和完善農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)機(jī)制體制，優(yōu)化農(nóng)村區(qū)域內(nèi)市場(chǎng)資源配置，是保障農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)部動(dòng)力。農(nóng)村金融內(nèi)生于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展的外部條件是國(guó)家意志和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略部署，本文不做深入研究，而基于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展背景下的農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展，包括農(nóng)村金融體系的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和農(nóng)村金融效率的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容。 受中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段的客觀性限制，所以金融業(yè)長(zhǎng)期以來支持重心一直處在工業(yè)、商業(yè)等市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍領(lǐng)域，城市金融發(fā)展水平遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于農(nóng)村。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“靠天吃飯”的不確定性、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的不開放性、農(nóng)村公共資源配套的滯后性、農(nóng)村人口的分散性，致使中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融長(zhǎng)期以來總體上一直處在政策性金融的發(fā)展階段，缺乏可持續(xù)的以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的金融體系構(gòu)建，這些客觀情況嚴(yán)重影響了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面發(fā)展和繁榮。國(guó)外在探索和實(shí)踐農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的道路中積累了一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)直指農(nóng)村金融體系建設(shè)問題，即農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展?fàn)顩r在一定的條件下直接主導(dǎo)了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，使得原有單純依靠農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)村發(fā)展模式得以轉(zhuǎn)變，進(jìn)而形成了以農(nóng)村金融支撐農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新型改革之路。顯然，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至今已經(jīng)具備金融支撐農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的條件和要求，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體水平的提高為農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展奠定了客觀基礎(chǔ)；涉農(nóng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)較多，其在農(nóng)村網(wǎng)點(diǎn)覆蓋面較大，為農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)開展提供條件；農(nóng)村人口受教育程度不斷提高，具備使用金融產(chǎn)品的條件；現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)需要金融支持；城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的不平衡性及城市飽和壓力的存在，客觀要求金融業(yè)要開辟農(nóng)村這個(gè)新市場(chǎng)。同時(shí)，基于現(xiàn)有條件實(shí)施農(nóng)村金融化具有較好的發(fā)展前景。已有針對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)的研究表明，農(nóng)村金融對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)變城鄉(xiāng)“二元”經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，改善農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)的資源配置，提高相關(guān)要素的生產(chǎn)率，緩解和轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)村居民的貧困程度，應(yīng)對(duì)人口流動(dòng)，都有積極的作用。當(dāng)前中國(guó)針對(duì)農(nóng)村所實(shí)施的各項(xiàng)政策以及涉農(nóng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)所開展的各項(xiàng)金融服務(wù)都反映了中國(guó)正逐步啟動(dòng)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)，依托金融支撐農(nóng)村發(fā)展道路，轉(zhuǎn)變和實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村的增長(zhǎng)。對(duì)此，不少學(xué)者也給出了較為客觀的評(píng)判和經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：改革的方向正確，對(duì)于解決當(dāng)前農(nóng)村發(fā)展的問題具有積極的作用，然而當(dāng)前農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)僅能夠發(fā)揮短期效應(yīng)，很多的政策和機(jī)構(gòu)行為都只對(duì)短期的農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)問題起作用而忽視了長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。歸結(jié)中國(guó)當(dāng)前農(nóng)村整體的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀就是，農(nóng)村金融體制改革促進(jìn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)村的短期發(fā)展，但改革在整體上缺乏基于市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建，不具有可持續(xù)性，沒有充分發(fā)揮推動(dòng)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的功能。 基于對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村發(fā)展和對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的分析，結(jié)合學(xué)者們對(duì)中國(guó)近年來針對(duì)農(nóng)村金融支撐農(nóng)村發(fā)展結(jié)果和效率的總結(jié)，本文從可持續(xù)性的角度審視和考察了中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展進(jìn)程中存在的問題，通過理論和實(shí)證對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展路徑進(jìn)行了有效地識(shí)別，以期能夠?yàn)橥晟浦袊?guó)農(nóng)村金融體系，保障農(nóng)村金融支撐農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)村發(fā)展和農(nóng)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的可持續(xù)提供必要的證據(jù)和指導(dǎo)。在整合論文整體框架的過程中，本文注重將理論和實(shí)證有效地結(jié)合，一方面承襲前人的研究成果，應(yīng)用全新和完整的數(shù)據(jù)就中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的真實(shí)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)的測(cè)度和識(shí)別，更細(xì)致甄別了農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的功能。另一方面客觀的總結(jié)了中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路上需要應(yīng)對(duì)的基本問題，包括農(nóng)村金融體系的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題、農(nóng)村金融效率的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題，并從實(shí)證角度對(duì)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的制約因素進(jìn)行了識(shí)別。基于前面兩個(gè)方面的分析和論述，本文最終形成了針對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議框架，既包括借鑒國(guó)外發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)農(nóng)村金融不同層面體系的指導(dǎo)意見，又包括結(jié)合國(guó)情和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀對(duì)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展的政策建議。本文的具體結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下： 第1章為緒論部分，從本文的研究背景和研究意義出發(fā)，在理順目前針對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，引出了本文研究的基本思路和方法，總體概況了本文的研究框架。 第2章是中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響研究，在總結(jié)和整合前人針對(duì)農(nóng)村金融和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相關(guān)性研究結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用完整和全新的數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)用狀態(tài)空間模型從動(dòng)態(tài)的視角審視和考察了中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響路徑。借助于狀態(tài)空間在測(cè)度潛在因子的動(dòng)態(tài)變化，本文能夠識(shí)別和測(cè)度中國(guó)改革開放以后不同階段下農(nóng)村金融對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響，從對(duì)整體宏觀的農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)到具體的農(nóng)民收入增加，既對(duì)農(nóng)村金融產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了再次的驗(yàn)證，同時(shí)也考證了農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展過程中的具體趨勢(shì)，有助于識(shí)別和診斷中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融不同發(fā)展階段的效率，并針對(duì)性地提出中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議和指導(dǎo)，為本文后續(xù)內(nèi)容的展開奠定實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。 第3章研究了中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融體系可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題，包括構(gòu)建中國(guó)多層次農(nóng)村金融體系研究、著重就新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)可持續(xù)發(fā)展路徑選擇、控制新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、優(yōu)化財(cái)政支持政策進(jìn)行闡述，從一個(gè)宏觀的層面對(duì)中國(guó)未來農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展框架進(jìn)行了論證。 第4章對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融效率可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)行分析，分別就中國(guó)農(nóng)村宏觀與微觀金融效率發(fā)展路徑以及不同區(qū)域金融效率差異進(jìn)行了分析，探討了維持農(nóng)村金融效率可持續(xù)發(fā)展的制度問題以及激勵(lì)機(jī)制問題。 第5章從微觀層面細(xì)致甄別了制約中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展的因素。除了使用DEMATEL因素分析法對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵因素進(jìn)行識(shí)別外，本部分還以甘肅省為例考察了金融支農(nóng)的制約因素，并提出了針對(duì)制約因素的發(fā)展路徑，即以金融服務(wù)創(chuàng)新帶動(dòng)中國(guó)農(nóng)村整體效率的提升方案。 第6章主要是針對(duì)國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展體系建設(shè)情況進(jìn)行介紹，并從中尋找適合中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，最后分別從“金融體系架構(gòu)”和“金融創(chuàng)新與金融保障體制”兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行總結(jié)，并提出了對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展有益的思路。 第7章在總結(jié)全文的基礎(chǔ)上，概括和總結(jié)了中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展的路徑問題，具體從正規(guī)金融、非正規(guī)金融以及金融服務(wù)三個(gè)層面總結(jié)和歸納了一些有針對(duì)性的政策建議，希望能以此完善中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融體系和體制，充分發(fā)揮金融支農(nóng)的重要作用，保證中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，由此促進(jìn)中國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The essence of the urban and rural "binary" structure in China is the difference of the two productivity levels in the two economic regions, and the rural economic development as the national economic development strategy to carry out the construction of the new socialist countryside, to promote the agriculture, The urban and rural integrated development model, which takes the urban and rural areas as the basic means to transfer the advanced productive forces to the rural areas, realizes the balanced development of the productivity level in both urban and rural areas, and is the external power to ensure the sustainable development of the rural economy. Relying on the national development strategy of "ecological civilization" and "Informationization" construction, the agricultural production mode is adjusted, the rural operating mode is innovated, the development of the agricultural industry as the main body, the development of the related industries is supported, the rural market with Chinese characteristics is constructed and opened based on the production and demand of the rural areas, To set up and perfect the system of rural market mechanism and to optimize the allocation of market resources in the rural areas is the internal power to guarantee the sustainable development of the rural economy. The rural finance is born in the rural economy, the sustainable development of the rural economy as the external condition of the sustainable development of the rural finance is the national will and the strategic deployment of the national economic development, The sustainable development of the rural finance under the background of the sustainable development of the rural economy, including the sustainable development of the rural financial system and the sustainable development of the rural financial efficiency, is the content of this paper. Due to the objectivity of the development stage of the market economy in China, the financial industry has long supported the active areas of the market economy such as industry and commerce, and the level of urban finance development is far superior to that of the peasants The uncertainty of the agricultural production "to eat in the sky", the non-openness of the agricultural market, the lagging of the rural public resources and the dispersibility of the rural population have long been at the development stage of the policy finance for a long time The lack of sustainable market-based financial system construction has seriously affected the overall development and propagation of the rural economy The foreign country has accumulated some experience in the way to explore and practice the rural economic development, which directly refers to the problem of the construction of the rural financial system, that is, the development of the rural finance has led the rural economic development directly under certain conditions The exhibition has made it possible to transform the original rural development model of the rural infrastructure construction and the agricultural production, so as to form a new type of reform to support the rural economic development in the rural finance It is clear that China's economic development has been provided with the conditions and requirements of financial support for rural economic development. The level of social productivity development and the improvement of the overall level of the national economy have laid an objective foundation for the development of the rural finance. Large, providing conditions for rural financial services; the continuous improvement of the education level of the rural population and the conditions for the use of financial products; the need for financial support in the construction of modern agriculture and rural urbanization; the imbalance of the development of urban and rural areas and the storage of the city's saturation pressure At the same time, it is objective to ask the financial industry to open up the new city in the countryside Field. At the same time, it is better to implement the rural finance based on the existing conditions The study of the rural market in China has shown that the rural finance is about changing the urban and rural "binary" economic system, improving the rural economic structure, promoting the resource allocation of the rural market, improving the productivity of the related factors, relieving and transforming the poverty degree of the rural residents, and responding to the population flow It's all positive. The current China's policies for rural areas and the financial services carried out by the non-agricultural financial institutions reflect that China is gradually starting the rural market, relying on finance to support the rural development road, transforming and realizing the increase of the rural areas In this respect, many scholars have also given more objective judgment and experience summary: the direction of reform is correct, and it has an active role in solving the problems of the current rural development, but the current rural financial service can only play a short-term effect At the same time, many of the policies and institutional conduct have only played a role in the short-term rural market problem and neglect the long-term sustainable development The current situation of the current rural development in China is that the reform of the rural financial system has promoted and realized the short-term development of the countryside, but the reform of the whole country lacks the construction of the market based on the whole, it is not sustainable, and the work of promoting the economic growth of the rural areas is not brought into full play. On the basis of the analysis of China's rural development and the current situation of the development of the rural financial market in China, the combination of the scholars' analysis of China's rural financial support rural development results and efficiency in recent years The paper summarizes the problems existing in the process of rural financial development from the perspective of sustainability, and makes an effective identification of the sustainable development path of China's rural finance through the theory and the empirical study, so as to be able to improve the rural gold in China. The system will guarantee the rural finance to support the farmers' income, rural development and the sustainable supply of the agricultural growth. In the course of the overall framework of the whole paper, this paper focuses on the combination of the theory and the positivism, on the one hand, the research results of the predecessors, the new and complete data is applied to measure the real effect of China's rural financial development on the economic development. And further detail the rural financial development and promote the rural economic development. On the other hand, on the other hand, the basic problems that need to be dealt with in the sustainable development of China's rural finance, including the sustainable development of the rural financial system, the sustainable development of the rural financial efficiency, and the restricting factors of the rural financial development from the positive angle Based on the analysis and discussion of the two aspects, this paper finally formed a suggestion framework for the sustainable development of rural finance in China, both of which include the reference of foreign development experience to the system of different levels of rural finance. It also includes the administration of the sustainable development of the rural finance in the light of the state of the country and the current situation of development The specific structure of this article is as follows: The row is as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction part. Based on the research background and the research significance of this paper, the basic principles of this paper are drawn out based on the paper on the development of rural economy and the development of rural finance. The general situation of this paper is the thought and method. Chapter 2 is the study of the impact of rural financial development on the development of rural economy. The whole and the whole new data, using the state space model to examine and examine the rural finance to the rural economy from the dynamic perspective By means of the dynamic changes of the state space in the measure potential factors, this paper is able to recognize and measure the influence of the rural finance on the rural economic growth at different stages after the reform and opening-up in China, and from the overall macro-scale rural economy to the specific The increase of the farmer's income is not only a re-verification of the actual economic effect of the rural finance, but also the concrete trend in the development of the rural finance, which can help to identify and diagnose the different rural finance in China. The efficiency of the development stage and the suggestion and guidance of the sustainable development of China's rural finance are put forward. The paper studies the sustainable development of the rural financial system in China, including the establishment of a multi-level rural financial system in China, and focuses on the selection of the sustainable development path of the new rural financial institutions, and controls the risk of the new rural financial institutions and the optimization of the financial resources. The policy of government support is elaborated, from a macro level to China's future rural finance is sustainable The development framework has been demonstrated. Chapter 4 analyzes the sustainable development of the rural financial efficiency in China, respectively on the development path of the macro-and micro-financial efficiency of China's rural areas and the different regions The difference of financial efficiency is analyzed, and the system of sustainable development of rural financial efficiency is discussed. The question of degree and the question of the incentive mechanism. Chapter 5 carefully screened the restriction from the micro level In addition to the identification of the key factors of the rural financial and ecological environment in China, the part of this part, in addition to using the DEMATEL factor analysis method to identify the key factors of the rural financial ecological environment in China, also takes the Gansu province as an example to study the restriction factors of the financial support and agriculture, and The development path for the restricting factors is shown, which is driven by the innovation of financial service Chapter 6 mainly focuses on the development of the rural financial sustainable development system of the developed and developing countries, and finds the experience suitable for the development of rural financial development in China, and finally, from the "financial system architecture" and the "unk>" Financial Innovation and Financial Guarantee System, respectively. " two aspects are summarized and the centering Chapter 7, on the basis of summarizing the full text, summarizes and summarizes the path problems of the sustainable development of rural finance in China, in particular from the three levels of formal finance, informal finance and financial service The paper sums up and sums up some targeted policy suggestions, and hopes to improve the rural financial system and system in China, and to give full play to the important role of the financial support and agriculture, and to guarantee the sustainable development of the rural finance in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.7

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