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基于政府行為視角下的我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資問題研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-25 08:32
【摘要】:21世紀(jì)以來,隨著科技文明的不斷發(fā)展,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷成熟,世界各地的大型企業(yè)、中小企業(yè)都已成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中最活躍的因素,其中,中小企業(yè)在所有企業(yè)當(dāng)中占有的數(shù)量最多,其地位更是無法取代。我國(guó)自實(shí)行對(duì)外開放政策以來,經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展面臨著更多的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn),中小企業(yè)對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)率不斷提高,中小企業(yè)無論是在繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)、緩解就業(yè)、提高科技能力等方面,還是在轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)等方面都發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,成為我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)性力量。如果把大企業(yè)看作是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的骨架,那么中小企業(yè)就是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的血和肉,血和肉不健康,龐然大物也就經(jīng)不起強(qiáng)烈的沖擊。與此同時(shí),中小企業(yè)面臨的生存狀況和現(xiàn)實(shí)問題也受到了全社會(huì)的關(guān)注,逐漸成為政府部門政策支持的主體,特別是在金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)后,中小企業(yè)面臨著巨大的困境,首當(dāng)其沖的就是融資這個(gè)世界性的難題,已然成為制約中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的“瓶頸”,其原因主要包含自身因素和外部環(huán)境的影響。因此,政府是一個(gè)國(guó)家的職能部門,是一個(gè)國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的引導(dǎo)者和推動(dòng)者,政府應(yīng)該充分利用其自身的優(yōu)勢(shì),改造融資環(huán)境,提高中小企業(yè)的融資能力、幫助建立健全融資體系,從根本上解決中小企業(yè)的融資困境。當(dāng)前我國(guó)正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變和金融體制改革的重要?dú)v史階段,政府在此時(shí)的政策意向直接影響著未來幾十年的市場(chǎng)體制和融資環(huán)境,因此就需要政府審時(shí)度勢(shì),在把握市場(chǎng)規(guī)律的前提下,充分發(fā)揮政府的行政職能,為中小企業(yè)的融資開拓更為廣闊的融資渠道,建立一個(gè)完整的政策型中小企業(yè)融資體系,需要結(jié)合我國(guó)具體的融資環(huán)境和社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)條件下中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn),積極尋求解決問題的突破點(diǎn)。 本論文從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)的角度,以政府在解決中小企業(yè)融資問題中的定位為對(duì)象,從政府的政策干預(yù)、資金扶持力度、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等方面對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資過程中的政府行為進(jìn)行研究,搜集整理了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)的理論和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),以馬克思資本有機(jī)構(gòu)成理論和資本循環(huán)理論、現(xiàn)代資本理論、市場(chǎng)失靈理論、信息不對(duì)稱理論為依托,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)引用法、理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的方法等,分析了我國(guó)中小企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)、融資渠道以及目前的融資現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)而從政府干預(yù)的角度分析了各級(jí)政府在中小企業(yè)融資中的成效和不足,提出適度干預(yù)問題,并從企業(yè)自身、外部環(huán)境、政府部門等多方面分析融資難的成因,探尋產(chǎn)生問題的根本原因,,又借鑒了西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合我國(guó)的具體國(guó)情,從而得出政府干預(yù)在解決我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資問題中應(yīng)采取的措施。通過研究得出,各級(jí)政府作用的發(fā)揮還有很多的空間,干預(yù)的范圍、力度和手段,以及具體的缺位、越位等問題,需要結(jié)合中小企業(yè)融資的現(xiàn)狀,在不斷比較借鑒中,繼續(xù)改善和提高。
[Abstract]:Since the 21 st century, with the development of scientific and technological civilization and the continuous development of market economy, large-scale enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises all over the world have become the most active factors in the development of the national economy. Its position can't be replaced. Since the opening of the opening-up policy in China, the economy and the social development face more opportunities and challenges, and the contribution rate of the small and medium-sized enterprises to the national economy is increasing. It has played an increasingly important role in the transformation of the way of economic growth and the construction of a harmonious society, and has become the basic force of the national economic growth and the development of the social harmony. If the big enterprise is regarded as the backbone of the Chinese economy, the small and medium-sized enterprises are the blood and the meat of the Chinese economy, the blood and the meat are not healthy, and the behemoth does not have a strong impact. At the same time, the problems of the survival and the real problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises have also been paid attention to by the whole society, becoming the main body of government policy support, especially after the financial crisis, the small and medium-sized enterprises face great difficulties, First of all, financing the world's difficult problem has become the 鈥淏ottleneck鈥

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