【摘要】：在農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中,金融起著配置資本要素的關(guān)鍵作用。改革開放30余年來，我國的農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)生了巨大的變化，農(nóng)村金融也走過了一條不凡的發(fā)展之路。然而，盡管發(fā)展場景不斷變化，熱點(diǎn)問題也持續(xù)翻新，農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)民問題作為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)發(fā)展的主線卻從未改變。聚焦現(xiàn)階段的農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)體系，可以看出有很大一部分農(nóng)村低收入群體被排除在正規(guī)金融服務(wù)之外，農(nóng)民普遍缺乏金融意識，金融機(jī)構(gòu)出于盈利性考量不愿涉足農(nóng)村領(lǐng)域，農(nóng)村金融基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不到位都是農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展不均衡的原因。 普惠金融的理念于聯(lián)合國2005年的國際小額信貸年提出，倡導(dǎo)人人具有同等獲得金融服務(wù)權(quán)力的理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)具有可持續(xù)發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ钠栈葜妻r(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)，為那些被排除在傳統(tǒng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)之外的農(nóng)村中低收入人口提供金融服務(wù)，使他們通過獲得金融服務(wù)來獲得福利改善，使這部分群體也能得到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會進(jìn)步帶來的紅利。普惠金融理念改變了我國過去簡單扶貧的慣性思維，將對貧困人群的援助與商業(yè)可持續(xù)性相結(jié)合。但是需要指出的是，普惠金融體系的內(nèi)涵不僅僅是為廣大的中低收入群體提供儲蓄、保險(xiǎn)、信貸和信托等金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，更是一個國家金融體系中不可或缺的一部分，建立普惠金融體系不只是強(qiáng)調(diào)金融產(chǎn)品或者金融機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新，更應(yīng)該著眼于如何將分散的金融資源整合為一個有機(jī)的整體。 本文首先對我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)金融體系的現(xiàn)狀以及制約條件進(jìn)行了深入的分析，認(rèn)為我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)現(xiàn)階段金融服務(wù)有效供給嚴(yán)重不足，普惠性農(nóng)村金融未成體系，嚴(yán)重制約著我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。針對我國農(nóng)村金融面臨的約束條件，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該建立全國性普惠金融發(fā)展基金制度，由中國人民銀行發(fā)起，銀監(jiān)會、證監(jiān)會、保監(jiān)會共同成立普惠金融體系建設(shè)促進(jìn)委員會，之后由各省級財(cái)政牽頭，成立省級普惠金融發(fā)展基金，通過政策引導(dǎo)各大商業(yè)銀行向普惠發(fā)展基金中注入資金，并選擇安全性高、經(jīng)營業(yè)績優(yōu)良的新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行資金注入并協(xié)同農(nóng)村金融管理部門對獲得基金的普惠性農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行合規(guī)性監(jiān)管。最后，建立健全我國普惠性農(nóng)村金融體系還需要從監(jiān)管框架、法律法規(guī)、財(cái)稅支持等方面全盤考慮，重視普惠金融機(jī)構(gòu)的收益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)普惠金融的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，建立起相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制體系，早日實(shí)現(xiàn)全民共享的普惠性金融體系，，為我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會發(fā)展提供全面的金融支持。
[Abstract]:In rural economic development, finance plays a key role in allocating capital elements. Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, great changes have taken place in China's rural economy and society, and rural finance has also gone through an extraordinary road of development. However, despite the constant change of the development scenario and the continuous renovation of hot issues, the rural, agricultural and peasant issues have never changed as the main line of economic construction and development in China. Focusing on the current rural financial service system, we can see that a large proportion of rural low-income groups are excluded from formal financial services. Farmers generally lack financial awareness, and financial institutions are unwilling to step into rural areas for profit reasons. Rural financial infrastructure is not in place is the reason for the uneven development of rural finance. The concept of inclusive finance, which was introduced in the United Nations International year of Microcredit in 2005, promotes the idea of equal access to financial services for all and emphasizes GSP rural financial institutions with sustainable development potential, To provide financial services to those rural low- and middle-income people who are excluded from traditional financial institutions, so that they can obtain improved welfare through access to financial services, so that these groups can also benefit from economic development and the dividends of social progress. The concept of inclusive finance has changed the inertia thinking of poverty alleviation in our country in the past and combined the aid to the poor with the business sustainability. However, it should be pointed out that the inclusive financial system is not only intended to provide savings, insurance, credit and trust products and services to a broad range of low- and middle-income groups, but also an integral part of a national financial system. The establishment of inclusive financial system not only emphasizes the innovation of financial products or financial institutions, but also focuses on how to integrate the scattered financial resources into an organic whole. This paper firstly analyzes the present situation and restriction conditions of the financial system in rural areas of our country, and concludes that the effective supply of financial services in rural areas is seriously inadequate and the inclusive rural finance is not systematized at the present stage. The economic development of our country rural area is restricted seriously. In view of the constraints faced by rural finance in China, the author believes that a nationwide inclusive financial development fund system should be established, initiated by the people's Bank of China, jointly established by the Banking Regulatory Commission, the Securities Regulatory Commission and the Insurance Regulatory Commission to promote the construction of the inclusive financial system. Subsequently, the provincial finance led by the provincial finance, set up the provincial inclusive financial development fund, through policies to guide the major commercial banks to inject funds into the inclusive development fund, and select a high security. The new type of rural financial institutions with good operating performance carry out capital injection and cooperate with the rural financial management departments to supervise the inclusive rural financial institutions that have received funds in accordance with the regulations. Finally, to establish and improve our country's inclusive rural financial system, we also need to consider comprehensively the regulatory framework, laws and regulations, fiscal and tax support, and attach importance to the income and risk control of inclusive financial institutions, so as to realize the sustainable development of inclusive finance. We should establish the corresponding risk control system, realize the inclusive financial system shared by all people as soon as possible, and provide comprehensive financial support for the economic construction and social development of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.1

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本文編號：2253770