【摘要】：改革開放之后,尤其是中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織之后,中國(guó)的銀行業(yè)逐步走向國(guó)際化,有了更廣闊的發(fā)展舞臺(tái),但這也意味未來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不確定因素增加的可能。除此之外,作為金融業(yè)的重要組成部分,銀行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展對(duì)維持我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序,促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有著一定的支撐作用。因此,在商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理過(guò)程中,一定會(huì)受到我國(guó)監(jiān)管部門的監(jiān)管。2012年6月我國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)頒布了《商業(yè)銀行資本管理辦法(試行)》,并于2013年1月1日開始實(shí)施,這是我國(guó)銀行業(yè)與國(guó)際新監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接軌、符合我國(guó)銀行業(yè)實(shí)際情況的資本監(jiān)管制度。 本文的研究目的是從商業(yè)銀行的資本結(jié)構(gòu)角度闡述對(duì)其經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效的影響,然而商業(yè)銀行的資本結(jié)構(gòu)是多層次的,因此,對(duì)資本結(jié)構(gòu)的分析不僅需要考慮核心資本和附屬資本,還需要考慮上市改革之后的股權(quán)性質(zhì)、股權(quán)集中度問(wèn)題。除此之外,商業(yè)銀行不僅要實(shí)現(xiàn)股東利益最大化,還要考慮到自身的經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,因此商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)需要在國(guó)家的監(jiān)管以及追求利益最大化的矛盾中找到一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)。 因此,本文先從商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效和資本結(jié)構(gòu)兩方面分析,然后再分析二者之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,最后提出相應(yīng)的建議。具體如下： 首先,確定衡量商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效的指標(biāo)。本文構(gòu)建了一個(gè)基于主成分分析方法的經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效的評(píng)級(jí)體系,即從相互關(guān)聯(lián)的多個(gè)指標(biāo)中提取主成分,將多個(gè)指標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單綜合指標(biāo)的統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程。本文采用凈資產(chǎn)收益率、每股收益、成本收入比作為盈利性指標(biāo)；采用凈利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)率、每股收益增長(zhǎng)率、凈資產(chǎn)增長(zhǎng)率作為成長(zhǎng)能力指標(biāo)；采用不良貸款比例、不良貸款撥備覆蓋率、資本充足率作為安全性指標(biāo)；采用存貸比、流動(dòng)性比率作為流動(dòng)性指標(biāo)。將以上十一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)作為原始指標(biāo),運(yùn)用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行主成分的分析進(jìn)而得到樣本的綜合得分,即衡量商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效水平的績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。 其次,分析商業(yè)銀行的資本結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)中央銀行和銀監(jiān)會(huì)對(duì)商業(yè)銀行的監(jiān)管要求,本文主要從商業(yè)銀行的核心資本和附屬資本角度進(jìn)行分析。具體來(lái)說(shuō),核心資本由股本和儲(chǔ)備構(gòu)成,附屬資本由貸款損失一般準(zhǔn)備金、長(zhǎng)期次級(jí)債券以及可轉(zhuǎn)換債券構(gòu)成。本文從股權(quán)集中度、股權(quán)性質(zhì)來(lái)分析股本,從盈余公積抵抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和再融資作用來(lái)分析儲(chǔ)備在核心資本中所占的比重,從附屬資本的財(cái)務(wù)杠桿作用分析我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行目前的附屬資本目前的現(xiàn)狀。在這部分中,本文根據(jù)2012年16家上市銀行的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告,分析了我國(guó)股份制商業(yè)銀行和國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行在資本結(jié)構(gòu)方面存在的差異和原因,同時(shí)兩者在資本結(jié)構(gòu)方面存在的共性給予了一定的解釋。 然后,對(duì)樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。由于文章研究的目的是從商業(yè)銀行的資本結(jié)構(gòu)角度對(duì)其經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效水平給予一定的解釋,從而確定實(shí)證分析的解釋變量和被解釋變量。根據(jù)理論分析解釋變量與被解釋變量之間存在著一定的相關(guān)性,因而在進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析之前本文提出了解釋變量與被解釋變量之間的假設(shè)。本文采用的是16家上市銀行2009-2012年的面板數(shù)據(jù),因此需要根據(jù)樣本的特性來(lái)選擇合適的模型,通過(guò)對(duì)樣本進(jìn)行F檢驗(yàn)以及Hausman檢驗(yàn)后,確定采用個(gè)體隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行回歸分析。本文運(yùn)用Eviews6.0軟件對(duì)樣本進(jìn)行回歸,然后根據(jù)回歸結(jié)果分析參數(shù)的顯著性,對(duì)解釋變量和被解釋變量之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,同時(shí)對(duì)理論分析的假設(shè)與實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果的不同之處給予一定的解釋。 最后,提出相應(yīng)的建議和意見。商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效受諸多因素影響,本文主要從資本結(jié)構(gòu)角度分析其對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效的影響。因此,本文中提出的相應(yīng)的建議也是從完善商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)的角度出發(fā),最后落實(shí)到提高商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效水平的目的。因而,本文建議提高凈利潤(rùn)留存比例、建立相對(duì)均衡的股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)以及股權(quán)投資主體多元化三個(gè)角度來(lái)優(yōu)化商業(yè)銀行的核心資本；建議拓寬附屬資本的來(lái)源,形成附屬資本多元化來(lái)優(yōu)化附屬資本。同時(shí),進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)的資本市場(chǎng),這也是優(yōu)化商業(yè)銀行核心資本和附屬資本的前提和基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization, China's banking industry has gradually become internationalized and has a broader stage of development, but this also means that future risks and uncertainties may increase. In June 2012, China Banking Regulatory Commission promulgated the Capital Management Measures for Commercial Banks (Trial Implementation) and began to implement it on January 1, 2013. This is a new standard for China's banking industry and international supervision. A capital regulation system that fits the actual situation of China's banking industry.
The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of the capital structure of commercial banks on their operating performance. However, the capital structure of commercial banks is multi-level. Therefore, the analysis of the capital structure needs to consider not only the core capital and subsidiary capital, but also the nature of equity after the listing reform and the concentration of equity. In addition, commercial banks should not only maximize the interests of shareholders, but also take into account their own level of operational risk. Therefore, the operation of commercial banks needs to find a balance point between the supervision of the state and the pursuit of maximum interests.
Therefore, this paper first analyzes the performance and capital structure of commercial banks, and then analyzes the relationship between the two, and finally puts forward the corresponding recommendations.
Firstly, the index to measure the performance of commercial banks is determined. This paper constructs a performance evaluation system based on principal component analysis, which extracts the principal component from a number of related indicators and transforms them into a statistical process of several simple comprehensive indicators. Income ratio is used as profitability index, net profit growth rate, earnings per share growth rate, net assets growth rate as growth ability index, non-performing loan ratio, non-performing loan provision coverage, capital adequacy ratio as security index, deposit-loan ratio, liquidity ratio as liquidity index. For the original index, the principal component analysis is carried out by using SPSS19.0 software to get the comprehensive score of the sample, that is, the performance evaluation index to measure the performance level of commercial banks.
Secondly, it analyzes the capital structure of commercial banks. According to the regulatory requirements of the central bank and the banking regulatory commission, this paper mainly analyzes the core capital and subsidiary capital of commercial banks. In this paper, the composition of convertible bonds is analyzed from the ownership concentration and the nature of equity. The proportion of reserve in core capital is analyzed from the role of surplus reserve against risk and refinancing. The current status of subsidiary capital of commercial banks in China is analyzed from the financial leverage of subsidiary capital. The financial reports of six listed banks have analyzed the differences and reasons of capital structure between joint-stock commercial banks and state-owned commercial banks in China. At the same time, the similarities between them have given some explanations.
The purpose of this paper is to give some explanations to the performance of commercial banks from the perspective of capital structure, so as to determine the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables. In this paper, we use panel data of 16 listed banks from 2009 to 2012, so we need to choose the appropriate model according to the characteristics of the sample. Through F-test and Hausman test, we decide to adopt the individual random effect model. In this paper, we use Eviews 6.0 software to regression samples, and then according to the regression results to analyze the significance of the parameters, explain the relationship between the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables, and give some explanations for the differences between the hypothesis of theoretical analysis and empirical test results.
Finally, some suggestions and suggestions are put forward. The operational performance of commercial banks is affected by many factors. This paper mainly analyzes its impact on operational performance from the perspective of capital structure. Therefore, this paper proposes to optimize the core capital of commercial banks by increasing the net profit retention ratio, establishing a relatively balanced equity structure and diversification of equity investors, and expanding the sources of subsidiary capital and forming diversification of subsidiary capital to optimize subsidiary capital. The market is also the premise and foundation for optimizing the core and subsidiary capital of commercial banks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.33

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫偉;;EVA在企業(yè)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)方法中的應(yīng)用研究[J];商業(yè)研究;2006年05期

2 朱建武;基于EVA的中小銀行績(jī)效與治理結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系分析[J];財(cái)經(jīng)研究;2005年05期

3 李建軍;我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行企業(yè)性績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系的設(shè)計(jì)和比較[J];金融論壇;2004年01期

4 葛敏;許長(zhǎng)新;;我國(guó)上市銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)分析[J];金融論壇;2006年06期

5 趙勇;呂若彬;;試析商業(yè)銀行的特殊性及其對(duì)法人治理的影響[J];國(guó)際商務(wù).對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年02期

6 吳淑琨;股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)與公司績(jī)效的U型關(guān)系研究——1997～2000年上市公司的實(shí)證研究[J];中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì);2002年01期

7 丁志杰,王秀山,白欽先;金融體系重組中國(guó)有銀行產(chǎn)權(quán)改革的國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)[J];國(guó)際金融研究;2002年04期

8 溫彬;商業(yè)銀行核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力研究[J];國(guó)際金融研究;2004年04期

9 張艷麗;田月昕;;現(xiàn)代資本結(jié)構(gòu)理論的新發(fā)展及其評(píng)價(jià)[J];中國(guó)管理信息化(綜合版);2006年03期

10 伍旭川;;引入戰(zhàn)略投資者與我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行改革[J];河南金融管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：2203949