美聯(lián)儲貨幣政策工具的演變研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-08-24 10:51
【摘要】:本文主要從歷史、比較和制度三個層面,剖析和研究1913年以來美聯(lián)儲美國貨幣政策工具的發(fā)展演變歷程,旨在揭示貨幣政策工具演進的歷史階段性,及其與美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和金融制度變遷等方面的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。美聯(lián)儲的貨幣政策工具依次經(jīng)歷了再貼現(xiàn)、存款準備金率、公開市場操作,到聯(lián)邦基金利率的替代過程。不同的歷史時期美聯(lián)儲的貨幣政策工具有不同的側(cè)重,在過去的100年中,作為制度相對完善的中央銀行,美聯(lián)儲的貨幣政策,,及其對不同政策工具的選擇具有一定的示范性;從美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中形成的貨幣政策機制,也具有一定的時效性。因此,貨幣政策工具的動態(tài)演進與央行制度的變遷相輔相成,互相促進。 自從20世紀90年代以后,我國的中央銀行也在嘗試著進行宏觀經(jīng)濟調(diào)控,貨幣政策是其中的重要調(diào)控手段,但是我們所能運用的貨幣政策工具比較單一,法定存款準備金率為首選工具。而這種政策工具的剛性效果過于顯著,缺乏靈活性。形成和完善利率市場化的資本市場是中央銀行使用價格型的貨幣政策工具的基礎(chǔ)和前提條件。而依靠價格型工具調(diào)控的有利于中央銀行在金融市場中進行流動性管理和價格指導(dǎo),其結(jié)果也使得居民的金融資產(chǎn)能夠更加合理的配置和保值。 因此,從美聯(lián)儲貨幣政策工具的歷史演進中,汲取其有益的經(jīng)驗和借鑒,以完善我國的央行制度,以及貨幣政策的靈活有效機制,是我們面臨的、但又必須要解決的理論和現(xiàn)實問題,這也是本文的立意所在。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and studies the evolution of the monetary policy tools of the Federal Reserve since 1913 from the three aspects of history, comparison and system, in order to reveal the historical stages of the evolution of monetary policy instruments. And its internal relationship with the economic development and financial system changes in the United States. The Fed's monetary policy instruments have in turn gone through a process of rediscount, reserve requirements, open market operations, and an alternative to the federal funds rate. In the past 100 years, as a relatively perfect central bank, the Federal Reserve's monetary policy, and its choice of different policy tools, have a certain demonstration; The monetary policy mechanism formed from the process of American economic development also has certain timeliness. Therefore, the dynamic evolution of monetary policy tools and the change of central bank system complement each other and promote each other. Since the 1990s, the central bank of our country has also tried to carry out macroeconomic regulation and control. Monetary policy is one of the important means of regulation and control, but the monetary policy tools we can use are relatively single. Statutory deposit reserve ratio is the preferred tool. And the rigid effect of this kind of policy tool is too obvious, lack flexibility. Forming and perfecting the capital market of interest rate marketization is the foundation and precondition for the central bank to use the price-based monetary policy tool. Depending on the price instruments, the central bank can manage liquidity and guide the price in the financial market. The result also makes the residents' financial assets more reasonable allocation and preservation of value. Therefore, from the historical evolution of the Federal Reserve's monetary policy tools, we are faced with the need to draw on its useful experience and draw lessons from it in order to improve our central bank system and the flexible and effective mechanism of monetary policy. However, we must solve the theoretical and practical problems, which is the purpose of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:F822.0;F827.12
本文編號:2200586
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and studies the evolution of the monetary policy tools of the Federal Reserve since 1913 from the three aspects of history, comparison and system, in order to reveal the historical stages of the evolution of monetary policy instruments. And its internal relationship with the economic development and financial system changes in the United States. The Fed's monetary policy instruments have in turn gone through a process of rediscount, reserve requirements, open market operations, and an alternative to the federal funds rate. In the past 100 years, as a relatively perfect central bank, the Federal Reserve's monetary policy, and its choice of different policy tools, have a certain demonstration; The monetary policy mechanism formed from the process of American economic development also has certain timeliness. Therefore, the dynamic evolution of monetary policy tools and the change of central bank system complement each other and promote each other. Since the 1990s, the central bank of our country has also tried to carry out macroeconomic regulation and control. Monetary policy is one of the important means of regulation and control, but the monetary policy tools we can use are relatively single. Statutory deposit reserve ratio is the preferred tool. And the rigid effect of this kind of policy tool is too obvious, lack flexibility. Forming and perfecting the capital market of interest rate marketization is the foundation and precondition for the central bank to use the price-based monetary policy tool. Depending on the price instruments, the central bank can manage liquidity and guide the price in the financial market. The result also makes the residents' financial assets more reasonable allocation and preservation of value. Therefore, from the historical evolution of the Federal Reserve's monetary policy tools, we are faced with the need to draw on its useful experience and draw lessons from it in order to improve our central bank system and the flexible and effective mechanism of monetary policy. However, we must solve the theoretical and practical problems, which is the purpose of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:F822.0;F827.12
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