本文選題：普惠金融 + 二元金融結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2013年博士論文

【摘要】：國際金融危機的爆發(fā)，使人們更加清楚地認識到國際金融體系的失衡，不可持續(xù)。聯(lián)系到國內(nèi)的情況，銀行主要圍繞著大型企業(yè)提供服務，中小企業(yè)貸款難問題長期無法解決，金融資源向城市、東部經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)集中，機構(gòu)和資金都從農(nóng)村地區(qū)、西部地區(qū)撤離，轉(zhuǎn)向城市、東部地區(qū)，農(nóng)村地區(qū)、西部地區(qū)成為金融服務的荒漠，，窮人等弱勢群體被排斥于金融體系之外。和國際的情況一樣，國內(nèi)同樣存在著嚴重的金融失衡，傳統(tǒng)金融體系由于其內(nèi)在缺陷，在為中小企業(yè)、農(nóng)村地區(qū)、西部經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)、窮人等提供金融服務方面存在著缺失，呈現(xiàn)出金融二元結(jié)構(gòu)。這種二元結(jié)構(gòu)廣泛存在于現(xiàn)有金融體系中，越是需要金融支持的地方，反而得到金融服務越困難。幾種現(xiàn)象同時并存：一方面銀行流動性較為充裕，努力尋找資金出路；一方面發(fā)達國家、發(fā)達地區(qū)、中心城市、大型企業(yè)、富人的金融資源過于集中，甚至出現(xiàn)超飽和，游資充斥;而另一方面發(fā)展中國家、經(jīng)濟落后地區(qū)、農(nóng)村、中小企業(yè)、窮人的飽受金融歧視，金融需求旺盛，金融供給不足。銀行等金融機構(gòu)由于對這些市場重視不夠，造成市場空間狹窄，增長乏力，不可持續(xù)。通過對傳統(tǒng)金融和發(fā)展困境的反思，本文認為，金融的發(fā)展要普惠所有的人群，讓所有對金融有需求的人都可以平等地享受金融服務，改變金融二元結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)展普惠金融。 普惠金融是個新概念，是聯(lián)合國于2005年“小額信貸年”活動中第一次正式提出的，是從小額信貸延伸出來的概念。從金融與經(jīng)濟的關(guān)系看，經(jīng)濟落后導致金融發(fā)展滯后，而資金不足通常是制約落后地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的最重要因素，金融發(fā)展滯后反過來又惡化了落后地區(qū)、窮人的經(jīng)濟境況，相互加強，形成惡性循環(huán)。要破解這一困境，需要先從發(fā)展這些地方的貸款等金融服務入手，小額信貸由此產(chǎn)生。普惠金融是對小額信貸的發(fā)展和超越，它從金融體系的整體來看待如何提供金融服務，即以多元化的金融供給讓所有對金融有需求的人都可以平等地享受金融服務，體現(xiàn)了“金融權(quán)是人權(quán)”的思想。 由于普惠金融是一個新提出的概念，尚沒有一個公認的權(quán)威定義。論文的第一部分基于以上認識，結(jié)合金融二元結(jié)構(gòu)的金融歧視問題，嘗試著提出了普惠金融的概念，分析了其特點，并把發(fā)展中國家的金融與發(fā)達國家的金融、經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的金融與經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)的金融、農(nóng)村金融與城市金融、中小企業(yè)金融服務與大型企業(yè)金融服務、窮人的金融服務與富人的金融服務等五對關(guān)系作為普惠金融的分析維度，還從文獻的角度綜述了相關(guān)理論和研究成果。 論文的第二部分梳理了格萊珉、印尼人民銀行、玻利維亞陽光銀行、柬埔寨ACLEDA銀行、易縣扶貧經(jīng)濟合作社、壽光農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行、定西小額信貸項目等國內(nèi)外普惠金融發(fā)展的實踐案例，簡單回顧了其發(fā)展歷程，總結(jié)了其運作模式和特點，從正反兩方面的經(jīng)驗，探討中國普惠金融發(fā)展的途徑。 第三部分著重從五個分析維度出發(fā)，分析了傳統(tǒng)金融的缺失，及其帶來的影響，把普惠金融與金融二元結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來，并從傳統(tǒng)金融的不可持續(xù)性得出發(fā)展普惠金融的必要性。 第四部分認為，普惠金融的形成路徑包括傳統(tǒng)金融轉(zhuǎn)型和民間金融創(chuàng)新兩條，逐一分析了商業(yè)銀行、政策性銀行、合作性金融機構(gòu)等的轉(zhuǎn)型，和小額貸款公司、村鎮(zhèn)銀行、社區(qū)銀行等新型金融機構(gòu)的發(fā)展。 第五部分從金融需求和供給兩個方面分析普惠金融，考察了普惠金融供給和需求的主體、特征，由此構(gòu)建了數(shù)理模型，進而提出普惠金融的等期望曲線和期望收益無差異曲線，得到含信貸配給的普惠金融均衡模型。 針對以上的分析，論文最后一部分提出了中國普惠金融發(fā)展的政策建議，從制度、市場、主體、工具等四個層面展開。制度建設主要包括加快信用體系建設、健全普惠金融監(jiān)管體制、加大普惠金融法律支持力度；市場建設主要包括加強普惠金融基礎設施建設、推進利率市場化、完善信用擔保機制；主體建設主要包括加快傳統(tǒng)金融機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型、發(fā)展新型普惠金融機構(gòu)、完善普惠金融直接融資體系；工具建設主要包括創(chuàng)新信貸產(chǎn)品、發(fā)展普惠金融保險、提供多樣化綜合性服務等。 論文的創(chuàng)新點主要有三點：一是從中小企業(yè)融資難、農(nóng)村金融服務缺失、經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)金融發(fā)展滯后、國際金融秩序不合理、窮人受到金融排斥等問題出發(fā)，找到共性問題，即傳統(tǒng)金融的非普惠性，金融二元結(jié)構(gòu)廣泛存在于金融體系中；二是結(jié)合對傳統(tǒng)金融缺失的反思，提出了普惠金融的概念，研究了其五個特點、五個分析維度、兩條形成路徑；三是在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外普惠金融的研究和實踐成果的基礎上，從供求分析的角度構(gòu)建了普惠金融模型，并有針對性地提出中國普惠金融發(fā)展的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The international financial crisis broke out and made people more aware of the imbalance and unsustainable development of the international financial system . In the domestic situation , the banks mainly focused on the large - scale enterprises . The financial resources had been evacuated from the rural areas and the western regions . The more difficult the traditional financial system was to provide financial services to the small and medium - sized enterprises , the rural areas , the underdeveloped regions of the West , the poor and the like .
On the one hand , developed countries , developed regions , central cities , large enterprises , rich financial resources are too concentrated , even hyper - saturated and fund - ridden ; on the other hand , financial institutions such as developing countries , economically disadvantaged regions , rural , small and medium - sized enterprises , poor people are suffering from financial discrimination , financial demand is flourishing and financial supply is insufficient .

Inclusive finance is a new concept , the first official development of the United Nations in the Year of Microcredit in 2005 . From the relationship between finance and economy , the economic backwardness leads to the lag of financial development , and the lack of capital is usually the most important factor to restrict the economic development in the backward region .

The first part of this paper is based on the above understanding and the financial discrimination of the financial binary structure , attempts to put forward the concept of inclusive finance , analyzes its characteristics , and puts forward the five - way relation between the financial and economic developed areas in the financial and economically developed areas of the developing countries , the financial services of the rural financial and urban finance , the financial services of the poor and the financial services of the rich , as the analysis dimension of the Pratt & Whitney finance , and also summarizes the relevant theories and research results from the literature .

The second part of this paper reviews the practical cases of inclusive financial development at home and abroad , such as Gramin , Indonesia People ' s Bank , Bolivia Sunshine Bank , ACLEDA Bank , Yixian Poverty Alleviation Economic Co . , Ltd . , Shouguang Rural Commercial Bank and Dingxi Micro - credit Project . It briefly reviews the development course , summarizes its operation mode and characteristics , and discusses the way of China ' s inclusive financial development from the experience of the two sides .

The third part focuses on the analysis of the loss of traditional finance and its impact on the five analytical dimensions , linking inclusive finance with financial binary structure , and developing the necessity of developing inclusive finance from the unsustainability of traditional finance .

In the fourth part , the formation of Pratt Whitney finance includes the transformation of traditional financial transformation and private financial innovation , and analyzes the development of the new financial institutions such as commercial banks , policy banks , cooperative financial institutions , etc . , as well as the development of new financial institutions such as small loan companies , village banks and community banks .

The fifth part analyzes inclusive finance from two aspects of financial demand and supply , investigates the main body and characteristics of Pratt Whitney ' s financial supply and demand , then constructs mathematical model , and then puts forward the expectation curve of inclusive finance and the non - difference curve of expected return , so as to obtain the inclusive financial equilibrium model with credit rationing .

According to the above analysis , the last part of the thesis put forward the policy suggestion of the development of China ' s Pratt & Whitney finance , from four aspects : system , market , subject , tool , etc . The system construction mainly includes speeding up the construction of credit system , perfecting the universal financial supervision system , and strengthening the legal support of inclusive finance ;
The market construction mainly includes strengthening the construction of inclusive financial infrastructure , promoting the marketization of interest rate and improving the credit guarantee mechanism ;
Subject construction mainly includes accelerating the transformation of traditional financial institutions , developing new inclusive financial institutions and improving the direct financing system of Pratt & Whitney finance ;
Tools construction mainly includes innovative credit products , development of inclusive financial insurance , diversification of comprehensive services , etc .

There are three main points in this paper : one is the financing difficulty of small and medium - sized enterprises , the lack of rural financial services , the lag of financial development in the developed regions of the economy , the unreasonable international financial order , the financial exclusion of the poor , and the common problems , that is , the non - inclusive nature of the traditional finance and the wide existence of the financial binary structure in the financial system ;
Second , based on the reflection of traditional financial loss , the concept of inclusive finance is put forward , five characteristics , five analytical dimensions and two forming paths are studied .
Third , on the basis of summarizing the research and practice results of inclusive finance at home and abroad , this paper constructs the Pratt & Whitney finance model from the angle of supply and demand analysis , and puts forward the policy suggestion for the development of China ' s Pratt & Whitney finance .
【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.0

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 薛紅文;趙亞旗;;構(gòu)建我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展普惠金融體系的思考[J];河北金融;2014年05期

2 許英杰;石穎;;中國普惠金融實踐發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀及方向[J];西南金融;2014年06期

本文編號：2008754