本文選題：FDI + 來源地��； 參考：《武漢大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著對外開放經濟政策的確立與發(fā)展,我國FDI持續(xù)大幅度增長引起世界矚目。2012年,中國實際利用外資金額達到1117.2億美元。外資的進入對我國經濟社會發(fā)展與現代化進程形成了廣泛而深遠的影響,同時又反過來促進政府制定更加優(yōu)惠的外資政策以吸引更多的FDI,正是這種日益開放的投資環(huán)境與政策支持構成了FDI在我國的持續(xù)增長。然而,任何事物都有其兩面性,FDI也是一把雙刃劍,在其帶來雄厚的資金、高新的技術以及先進的管理經驗的同時也對東道國的能源環(huán)境造成不可忽視的危害與壓力。 碳排放問題已經成為世界氣候會議的主要議題之一,也成為關系到我們每一個人切身利益與長遠利益的重要問題。我國政府已經承諾至2020年在2005年的基礎上將碳強度減少40—45%,這種承諾不僅是一種任務,更是一種義務與使命。對我國FDI不同來源地的綜合分析、對我國碳排放的重要影響及特征的深度探析,可為我國的外資政策與節(jié)能減排策略之間找尋適度的平衡提供一定的參考,并為我國構建外資與節(jié)能減排雙向可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略指明方向。鑒于此,本文對如下問題展開研究： 通過考察我國改革開放以來吸收FDI概況,可以發(fā)現我國目前利用FDI呈現以下特征：第一,利用外資仍繼續(xù)保持較大規(guī)模,但增長速度放緩。第二,從FDI的產業(yè)分布來看,FDI產業(yè)分布不均衡,但產業(yè)結構逐步優(yōu)化。外商投資于第二產業(yè)的比重最大,第二產業(yè)尤其是制造業(yè)仍是外商投資的主要領域。第三,FDI地區(qū)分布不均衡。我國東中西部地區(qū)吸收FDI的數量和規(guī)模差距很大,外商投資高度集中于東部地區(qū),我國利用外資在區(qū)位上呈現從南到北、由東到西逐漸推進的趨勢。 本文探討了我國主要FDI來源地的特點和差異,將FDI不同來源地劃分為港澳臺地區(qū)、日韓新(即日本、韓國和新加坡)、美加(美國和加拿大)和英法德(英國、法國和德國)四種類型：港澳臺地區(qū)作為我國的一部分與大陸發(fā)生外貿關系；日韓新等代表通過引進西方發(fā)達國家的技術不斷模仿創(chuàng)新而成功的東亞國家；美加代表來源于北美地區(qū)的外資；英法德作為歐盟的代表,作為第四種外資來源地。本文在此基礎上分析了我國FDI不同來源地的結構、成因及影響。 本文運用時間序列模型分析方法,對我國1997—2011年來源于不同國家的外資和碳排放之間關系進行了實證檢驗,結果發(fā)現不同來源地FDI對我國碳排放的影響程度存在顯著差異：來自于英法德三國外資對于我國碳排放的影響是正面的,可能在于英法德作為全球經濟、技術最發(fā)達的國家,其對華投資結構也日趨高級化；來源于美加的FDI對我國碳排放也產生積極影響,可能在于來自美國的跨國企業(yè)比較重視長期的戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展,對核心技術的轉移和研發(fā)中心的建立持積極開放的態(tài)度；來源于日韓新三地FDI對我國碳排放產生消極影響,可能在于這些外商規(guī)模不是很大,主要投向勞動密集型的制造業(yè),研發(fā)水平不如歐美,對華技術溢出效應效果有限；來自港澳臺地區(qū)的投資沒能對我國大陸碳排放產生正面影響,港澳臺地區(qū)的投資一般以出口導向型為主,技術水平不高、附加值偏低,主要利用的是我國大陸低廉的勞動力、自然資源和寬松的環(huán)境規(guī)制。 最后,在深入研究FDI不同來源地對我國碳排放影響的基礎上,從而為我國的外資政策與節(jié)能減排策略之間找尋適度的平衡方面提出有針對的政策建議,如優(yōu)化FDI來源結構,提高引資質量；促進產業(yè)升級,發(fā)揮減排結構效應；實施新能源戰(zhàn)略,提高能源效率；加大環(huán)境管制,提高準入門檻。
[Abstract]:With the establishment and development of the policy of opening to the outside world, China's FDI sustained great growth in the world for.2012 years. The actual use of foreign capital in China has reached 111 billion 720 million US dollars. The entry of foreign capital has formed a broad and far-reaching impact on the process of economic and social development and modernization in China, and at the same time, in turn, promote the government to make a better formulation. In order to attract more FDI, the increasingly open investment environment and policy support constitute the continuous growth of FDI in our country. However, everything has its dual nature, and FDI is a double-edged sword. It also has a strong capital, high technology and advanced management experience, as well as the host country's energy. The environment causes the dangers and pressures that can not be ignored.
The issue of carbon emissions has become one of the main topics of the world climate conference and has become an important issue that concerns the vital and long-term interests of each of us. Our government has promised to reduce carbon intensity by 40 - 45% on the basis of 2005 on the basis of 2020. This commitment is not only a task but also a duty and mission. The comprehensive analysis of different sources of FDI in China and the deep analysis of the important effects and characteristics of carbon emissions in China can provide a certain reference for our country to find a moderate balance between foreign investment policies and energy saving and emission reduction strategies, and provide a direction for the construction of a two-way sustainable development strategy for foreign investment and energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Research on the problem:
Through the survey of the introduction of FDI since China's reform and opening to the outside world, we can find that our country uses FDI to present the following characteristics: first, the use of foreign capital remains to remain large, but the growth rate is slow. Second, from the industrial distribution of FDI, the distribution of FDI industry is uneven, but the production structure is gradually optimized. The proportion of foreign investment in the second industry The second industry, especially the manufacturing industry, is still the main field of foreign investment. Third, the distribution of FDI is uneven. The gap between the quantity and scale of absorption of FDI in the eastern and western regions of China is very large, the foreign investment is highly concentrated in the eastern region, and the utilization of foreign capital in our country shows the trend from the south to the north, from the east to the West.
This paper discusses the characteristics and differences of the main sources of FDI in China, and divides the different sources of FDI into Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Japan, Japan, Korea and Singapore, the four types of the United States and Canada (United States and Canada) and Britain, France and Germany; the Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan areas are part of China's foreign trade relations with the mainland; The representative of the United States and Canada originates from the foreign capital of North America, as the representative of the European Union and as the fourth source of foreign capital. This paper analyses the structure, causes and influence of the different sources of FDI in China.
In this paper, the time series model analysis method is used to test the relationship between foreign capital and carbon emissions from different countries from 1997 to 2011. The results show that there are significant differences in the impact degree of FDI on China's carbon emissions from different sources: foreign investment from Britain and France is positive for China's carbon emissions. It may be that the investment structure of Britain and France, as the world economy and the most technologically developed country, has become more and more advanced in its investment structure to China. The FDI from the United States and Canada also has a positive impact on China's carbon emissions, which may lie in the long-term strategic development of the multinational enterprises from the United States, and the positive transfer of nuclear technology and the establishment of R & D centers. The open attitude, from the negative impact of the new three FDI of Japan and South Korea on China's carbon emissions, may lie in the fact that these foreign businessmen are not large in size, mainly to labor intensive manufacturing industry, and the level of R & D is not as good as that of Europe and the United States, and the effect of technology spillovers to China is limited. In general, the investment in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is mainly export oriented, with low technical level and low added value. The main use is low labor force, natural resources and loose environmental regulation in the mainland of China.
Finally, based on the in-depth study of the impact of different sources of FDI on carbon emissions in China, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for finding a moderate balance between China's foreign investment policies and energy saving and emission reduction strategies, such as optimizing the structure of FDI sources, improving the quality of attracting investment, promoting the upgrading of production industry, giving full play to the structural effect of emission reduction, and implementing new energy sources. Strategy to improve energy efficiency, increase environmental regulation and improve access threshold.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X22;F832.6

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