本文選題：貨幣霸權 + 英美　； 參考：《東北財經大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際貨幣體系產生于人類工業(yè)革命時期,伴隨著早期殖民者的海外侵略和海外貿易推向全球,經歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn),由崩潰到重建再到解散,直到今天的無體系的體系。其由金本位制走向美元本位制,再到如今的儲備貨幣多元化的局面。從產生至今,國際貨幣體系已經發(fā)生了巨大的改變。 當一國的綜合實力較強時,該國貨幣就有了成為儲備貨幣的基礎,但這只是貨幣霸權的第一步,貨幣霸權的演變過程中,存在著太多的變數(shù)和不確定因素,霸權者制定了全方位的戰(zhàn)略來配合貨幣霸權的實現(xiàn),與其他國家的政治力量進行博弈。 英鎊霸權和美元霸權的演變過程中充滿了反復,在這一歷史進程中,金本位、銀本位、復本位、美元本位輪番出場,并在后來某個歷史時期又再度復活。布雷頓森林體系,石油美元,牙買加體系,貫穿其中的是貨幣霸權的角逐。這些國際貨幣制度和體系都是貨幣霸權實現(xiàn)的手段,而不是目的,看清這一點,就比較容易明白國際貨幣體系演變。在簡單回顧了英鎊霸權和美元霸權的歷史后,本文分析了貨幣霸權形成的原因。得出以下結論：1.信用透支是貨幣霸權的淵藪,對信任的濫用造成了貨幣的濫發(fā)和霸權手段的使用2.充足的貨幣和完善的金融體系令貨幣的使用范圍不斷擴大。3.霸權貨幣也要以該國的生產和貿易為基礎,以廣闊的海外市場為依托,擴大貨幣使用范圍。4.戰(zhàn)爭是國際貨幣體系中揮之不去的陰影,為了配合貨幣霸權,英美不惜多次參與和發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭。5.英鎊霸權與美元霸權的不同之處在于：英國為維持英鎊霸權,侵略行為更明顯。而美國的手段比較隱蔽,尤其是石油美元形成后,美國采取了看不見硝煙的幣緣戰(zhàn)略,以石油—糧食—美元為核心,配合國際話語權的爭奪,達到維護美元霸權利益的目的。 國際貨幣體系自創(chuàng)立以來,就不存在公平和正義,因為它是牟取霸權的工具,帶有掠奪和殖民的味道。在新、老殖民者交替統(tǒng)治這一體系的過程中,維持霸權的手段也隨著時代的變化和政治力量的對比而發(fā)生改變,并且對國際政治格局產生了深刻的影響。資本主義在這個過程中也由工業(yè)資本上升到了金融資本統(tǒng)治的階段。但是不變的是殖民者不斷擴張領土的野心和資本囤積居奇的本質�？梢钥闯�,不管是英國還是美國,信奉的一直都是殖民擴張,實力為王。所不同的是,美國更注重的是意識形態(tài)戰(zhàn)和經濟戰(zhàn),而不再像英國早期和美國早期那樣明火執(zhí)仗地搶,當然,必要的時候,它也會直接發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭。但是戰(zhàn)爭的成本畢竟很高而且容易受到譴責,低成本的輿論控制和不易讓人察覺的意識形態(tài)輸入成為了配合美國幣緣戰(zhàn)略的新選擇。美國深知一點：只要掌握了國際話語權,讓其他國家不占有道德制高點甚至失聲,維持貨幣霸權的成本低、效果好。 美元早已成為債務貨幣,其實這一點從銀行誕生的歷史和英美中央銀行誕生的歷史中就可以看出來�，F(xiàn)代銀行體系,不管是英格蘭銀行還是美聯(lián)儲,都在進行信用貨幣創(chuàng)造,其他國家的中央銀行也如此。但是美元霸權的霸道之處在于將這種信用無限放大而且賴債不還,這就引起了人們對美元霸權的不滿。而美國依靠實力和輿論戰(zhàn)迫使其他國家屈服于現(xiàn)狀,這一點和英國當年的做法實質相同。因此,英美在貨幣霸權的爭奪上采用的都是殖民掠奪的做法,變換的只是手段。 如今,各方都在尋求構建新的國際貨幣體系,在當今的實力對比中,美國已經不能構成單極超級霸權,解決國際事務的趨勢是大家商量著辦。各方需要的是關鍵時刻攤牌的底氣和人民的支持,重要的是認清霸權價值觀的虛偽及霸權的套路,化解貨幣霸權存在的基礎,構建公平的國際貨幣體系。
[Abstract]:The international monetary system came into being in the period of the human industrial revolution. Along with the overseas invasion and overseas trade of the early colonists, it went through the two World War, from collapse to reconstruction to disintegration, and to the unsystematic system of today. It was from the gold standard to the US dollar system, and then to the diversification of the reserve currency. Great changes have taken place in the international monetary system since its emergence.
When the comprehensive strength of a country is strong, the country's currency has the basis of the reserve currency, but it is only the first step of the monetary hegemony. There are too many variables and uncertainties in the evolution of monetary hegemony. The hegemonism has formulated a comprehensive strategy to cooperate with the realization of monetary hegemony and carries out with the political power of other countries. Play a game.
The evolution of sterling hegemony and US dollar hegemony is full of repetition. In this historical process, the gold standard, the silver standard, the compound standard, the dollar standard turn out and resurrected again in a certain historical period. The Bretton Woods system, the oil dollar, the Jamaica system, which run through the competition of monetary hegemony. These international monetary systems. It is easy to understand the evolution of the international monetary system. After a brief review of the history of sterling hegemony and US dollar hegemony, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of monetary hegemony after a brief review of the history of sterling hegemony and US dollar hegemony. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. the credit overdraft is the source of monetary hegemony, and the trust is trusted. Abuse caused the abuse of money and the use of hegemonic means and the use of 2. sufficient money and a perfect financial system to make the use of money constantly expanding the.3. hegemony currency, which is based on the production and trade of the country, relying on the broad overseas market, and expanding the use of.4. war in the international monetary system. In order to cooperate with monetary hegemony, the difference between British and American.5. Sterling hegemony and the hegemony of the United States dollar at many times is that British aggression is more obvious in order to maintain the hegemony of sterling, and the American means are more concealed, especially after the formation of oil dollars, the United States has taken the marginal strategy of invisible smoke, with oil grain. The core of the US dollar is to compete with the international discourse power to achieve the goal of maintaining the hegemony of the US dollar.
Since the creation of the international monetary system, there is no justice and justice, because it is a tool for hegemony, with the taste of plunder and colonization. In the process of alternately ruling this system by the old colonialists, the means of maintaining hegemony are also changed with the changes of the times and the contrast of political power, and the international political pattern is produced. It has a profound influence. In this process, capitalism has also risen from industrial capital to the stage of the rule of financial capital. But it is the invariable ambition of the colonists to expand their territory and the essence of capital hoarding. It can be seen that, in both Britain and the United States, the faith has always been colonial expansion and the power is king. The United States is more focused on Ideological and economic warfare than in the early British and early American wars, and of course, when necessary, it will also start a war. But the cost of the war is very high and easily condemned, low cost of public opinion and uneasily perceptible ideological input. In line with the new choice of the American currency strategy, the United States is well aware that the cost of maintaining monetary hegemony is low and the effect is good as long as the international discourse power is mastered, and other countries do not have the moral commanding point or even the sound.
The dollar has long been a debt currency, but it can be seen from the history of the birth of the bank and the history of the birth of the Anglo American central bank. The modern banking system, whether it is the Bank of England or the Federal Reserve, is doing credit money, and the central banks of other countries. This credit is infinitely magnified and the debt is not returned, which causes dissatisfaction with the hegemony of the dollar. The United States relies on strength and public opinion to force the rest of the country to yield to the status quo, which is essentially the same as that in the previous year. Paragraph.
Nowadays, all sides are seeking to build a new international monetary system. In the current strength comparison, the United States is unable to form a superhegemonic hegemony. The trend of solving international affairs is to deal with it. All parties need the foundation and the support of the people at the critical moment, and the most important thing is to recognize the hypocrisy and hegemony of hegemonic values. The way to resolve the existence of monetary hegemony is to build a fair international monetary system.

【學位授予單位】：東北財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F821

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