本文選題：外資銀行 + 決定因素��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來,外資銀行明顯加快了國際擴(kuò)張的步伐,其擴(kuò)張的規(guī)模之大、速度之快、影響之深,引起了各界的廣泛關(guān)注。同時(shí),無論從外資銀行的角度,還是從東道國的角度看,外資銀行擴(kuò)張行為都出現(xiàn)了巨大轉(zhuǎn)變,具體體現(xiàn)為：由以往只進(jìn)入發(fā)達(dá)國家轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇罅窟M(jìn)入發(fā)展中國家,在進(jìn)入動(dòng)因、相對效率、進(jìn)入方式、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃、客戶選擇等方面外資銀行也呈現(xiàn)截然不同的新特征。 隨著中國加入WTO,自2006年起,外資銀行進(jìn)入我國的法律框架基本形成。根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)定,外資銀行可以享受國民待遇,辦理人民幣業(yè)務(wù)不再有地域和客戶限制。同時(shí),我國的本土銀行及其監(jiān)管也發(fā)生了重大變化,銀行性質(zhì)由傳統(tǒng)的專業(yè)性銀行逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行；國內(nèi)銀行格局由大型國有銀行獨(dú)大轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閲秀y行、中小股份制銀行、外資銀行群雄逐鹿；監(jiān)管方面,也由過去的嚴(yán)格限制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹鸩椒潘晒苤�。在這種背景下,研究外資銀行進(jìn)入中國的決定因素、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略及對本土銀行的影響,并據(jù)此探尋應(yīng)對策略,對深化我國銀行業(yè)改革、維護(hù)和促進(jìn)我國金融機(jī)構(gòu)健康發(fā)展具有的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文圍繞外資銀行進(jìn)入的決定因素、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略以及對本土銀行影響問題,遵循“文獻(xiàn)回顧——現(xiàn)狀描述——理論模型——實(shí)證研究——戰(zhàn)略分析——案例研究——結(jié)論啟示”的行文思路進(jìn)行深入分析。第二章對外資銀行進(jìn)入動(dòng)因、競爭戰(zhàn)略以及對東道國銀行體系影響等相關(guān)代表性文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理,分析現(xiàn)有的研究趨勢和不足。第三章研究外資銀行在我國的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,分析了其在我國的主要形式、發(fā)展階段以及發(fā)展的主要特征。第四章運(yùn)用國際生產(chǎn)折衷理論,對外資銀行進(jìn)入中國的決定因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,并對相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,提出利潤追逐是外資銀行進(jìn)入我國的主要?jiǎng)恿?戰(zhàn)略性投資將成為外資進(jìn)入我國金融業(yè)的重要途徑。第五章全面分析了外資銀行在我國發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,主要研究了其定位戰(zhàn)略、進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略、競爭戰(zhàn)略、本土化戰(zhàn)略以及戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)新。第六章從當(dāng)前主流銀行發(fā)展規(guī)律及趨勢出發(fā),研究了外資銀行進(jìn)入的戰(zhàn)略企圖以及對我國本土銀行重大影響,并對外資銀行與我國本土銀行的競爭優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行了全面的比較分析。第七章分析了外資銀行進(jìn)入背景下我國本土銀行戰(zhàn)略舉措,提出應(yīng)從戰(zhàn)略視角出發(fā),推進(jìn)本土銀行的戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型。第八章選擇中國建設(shè)銀行引進(jìn)美洲銀行的案例,探討了美洲銀行進(jìn)入的動(dòng)機(jī)、特點(diǎn)以及進(jìn)入對建設(shè)銀行的影響。 通過研究本文得出以下結(jié)論：1.外資銀行進(jìn)入中國最主要的決定因素是利潤導(dǎo)向,我國金融業(yè)的開放程度和金融政策對外資銀行的進(jìn)入有重大影響；2.短期來看,無論從資產(chǎn)規(guī)模還是市場占有率方面,外資銀行對我國本土銀行尚未構(gòu)成實(shí)質(zhì)性影響,但長期而言,外資銀行的戰(zhàn)略企圖和經(jīng)營模式將深刻影響我國本土銀行的發(fā)展方向；3.以參股方式進(jìn)入我國本土銀行已成為外資銀行進(jìn)入中國金融業(yè)的重要途徑,對于這種進(jìn)入方式,需要區(qū)分外資銀行是真正的戰(zhàn)略投資者還是財(cái)務(wù)投資者,戰(zhàn)略投資者對我國本土銀行而言是長期穩(wěn)定的戰(zhàn)略伙伴,是合作和雙贏的關(guān)系,財(cái)務(wù)投資者則僅以盈利為導(dǎo)向,單純的財(cái)務(wù)投資者不僅不能對我國本土銀行的發(fā)展起到促進(jìn)作用,反而基于短期獲利退出戰(zhàn)略,他們往往缺乏進(jìn)一步發(fā)展擴(kuò)張的動(dòng)力,并盡量減少資本性投入,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。我國本土銀行需要關(guān)注以參股方式進(jìn)入的外資銀行的長期價(jià)值取向,確保解決好利益沖突的平衡問題。 本文創(chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)在：1.分別從短期和長期兩個(gè)視角來分析外資銀行進(jìn)入的影響。由于受到市場規(guī)模、業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域以及客戶資源限制,外資銀行目前尚未具備與我國本土銀行進(jìn)行正面較量的實(shí)力,因此短期內(nèi)外資銀行主要采取與本土銀行合作的方式進(jìn)入中國市場；然而,長期來看,隨著漸進(jìn)性改革的不斷深化,中國金融市場開放程度不斷加強(qiáng),國內(nèi)金融市場競爭程度不斷加劇,外資銀行的戰(zhàn)略舉措以及盈利模式將逐漸而深刻地影響我國本土銀行。2.彌補(bǔ)了企業(yè)競爭層面微觀視角分析的不足,從金融產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的視角指出：外資銀行進(jìn)入對我國本土銀行的影響研究,必須納入我國金融業(yè)漸進(jìn)性改革的框架。由于金融改革的漸進(jìn)行,我國金融市場存在金融抑制的現(xiàn)象,而這種金融抑制有其歷史淵源和內(nèi)在邏輯。只有深入研究金融抑制對進(jìn)入我國的外資銀行的影響,才能全面把握外資銀行進(jìn)入對我國本土銀行的影響。3.通過深入分析,明確了我國本土銀行的發(fā)展趨勢和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型將是外資銀行全面進(jìn)入環(huán)境下我國本土商業(yè)銀行的發(fā)展趨勢。我國本土銀行的戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面,一是盈利模式將發(fā)生重大變化。在客戶獲取方式上,傳統(tǒng)的大客戶導(dǎo)向?qū)⒅鸩睫D(zhuǎn)型為以核心企業(yè)為依托的全供應(yīng)鏈客戶導(dǎo)向；在盈利模式上,以傳統(tǒng)的存貸利差為主要利潤來源將逐漸轉(zhuǎn)型為以中間業(yè)務(wù)和投行業(yè)務(wù)為主要利潤來源；二是本土銀行的拓展戰(zhàn)略也將發(fā)生重大變化。在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營管理的能力不斷加強(qiáng)以及綜合經(jīng)營能力不斷提升的背景下,目前國內(nèi)市場競爭更加激烈,我國本土銀行將進(jìn)一步加大國際化的步伐,而在這一進(jìn)程中,創(chuàng)造性資產(chǎn)的獲取將是本土銀行國際化的重要理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Since the mid 1990s, foreign banks significantly accelerated the pace of international expansion, the expansion of the scale, speed, deep influence, has aroused widespread concern in the community. At the same time, both from the foreign bank's point of view, or from the perspective of host country, foreign bank expansion behavior of a huge change, specific is from the past into the developed countries only enter into developing countries, motivation, relative efficiency, entry mode, strategic planning, customer selection and other foreign banks also showed different new features.
With the Chinese joined WTO since 2006, foreign banks to enter the legal framework of China's basic form. According to the relevant regulations, foreign banks can enjoy national treatment, handling RMB business with no geographical restrictions and customers. At the same time, local banks and the supervision in China has undergone significant changes, the gradual transformation of the professional nature of bank bank the traditional to the modern commercial bank; the pattern of domestic banks by the large state-owned banks into single large state-owned banks, joint-stock banks, foreign bank supervision, but also by the feudal lords vying for the throne; strictly limit the past into gradual deregulation. In this context, research on the entry of foreign banks Chinese determinants, development strategy and influence on the local bank, and to explore the strategies for deepening the reform of China's banking industry, to maintain and promote the healthy development of China's financial institutions with the theory and Practical significance.
This paper focuses on the determinants of the entry of foreign banks, development strategy and problems of local banks, follow the "literature review - description of the status quo in-depth analysis -- Theory -- Strategic Analysis for this article - Case Study - conclusion revelation" empirical research. The second chapter of the cause of the entry of foreign banks, competition strategy and the host country's banking system the influence of representative literatures, analysis of the trend and the deficiency of the existing research. In the third chapter, foreign banks in China's development status, analyzes the main form in our country, the main features of the development stage and development. The fourth chapter uses the eclectic theory of international production, the entry of foreign banks are determinants of China the empirical research, and verify the proposed theory, pursuit of profits is the main power of foreign banks in China, strategic The investment will become an important way for foreign capital to enter China's financial industry. The fifth chapter analyzes the foreign banks in China's development strategy, mainly studies the positioning strategy, entry strategy, competitive strategy, localization strategy and strategic innovation. The sixth chapter from the current mainstream banking development rule and trend of the research, attempt to the entry of foreign banks the strategic and significant impact on China's local banks and the foreign banks and domestic banks a competitive advantage for a comprehensive comparative analysis. The seventh chapter analyzes the action strategy of China's local banks of foreign banks to enter the background, put forward from the strategic perspective of promoting the transformation of local bank strategy. The eighth chapter is the case introduced in America. The choice of bank Chinese Construction Bank, Bank of America to enter into the motivation, characteristics and influence on the construction of the bank.
This paper draws the following conclusions: 1. foreign banks to enter the China decision is the most important factor is the profit oriented, the opening of China's financial industry and financial policies have a significant impact on the entry of foreign banks; 2. in the short term, in terms of asset size and market share, foreign banks have not yet constitute a substantial impact on China the local bank, but in the long term strategic intention of foreign banks and the business model will have a profound impact on the development direction of China's local banks; 3. participation into China's local banks has become an important way for foreign banks to enter China's financial industry, the mode of entry of foreign banks is the need to distinguish between the real strategic investors or financial investors, strategic investors is a strategic partner of long-term stability of our local banks, is the relationship between cooperation and win-win, is only a financial investor Profit oriented, purely financial investors not only to the development of China's domestic banks play a role in promoting, but based on short-term profit exit strategy, they often lack the power to further development and expansion, and reduce capital investment, and thus have a negative impact. China's local banks need to focus on long-term value orientation to equity of access to ensure the balance of foreign banks, to solve the problem of conflict of interests.
The innovation of the paper lies in: 1. respectively from two perspectives to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of foreign banks' entry. Due to the size of the market, business and customer resource restrictions, foreign banks have not yet have a positive contest of strength with our local bank, mainly due to the short-term foreign capital banks to enter the market to take China cooperation and the local bank; however, the long term, with the deepening of the gradual reform and openness China financial markets continue to strengthen, the degree of competition in the domestic financial market is increasing, strategic measures of foreign banks and the profit model will gradually and profound impact on our local Bank.2. to compensate for the lack of analysis of enterprise competition level micro perspective. From the perspective of system of financial industry pointed out: foreign banks entered the study on the impact of China's local banks, must be incorporated into the financial industry in China The framework of the gradual reform. As a result of the financial reform process, the phenomenon of financial repression in China's financial market, the financial repression has its historical origin and inherent logic. Only by studying the influence of financial repression in China of foreign banks, to fully grasp the foreign bank entry to China's local banks influence.3. through in-depth analysis, the development trend of China's local banks and development strategy. Strategic transformation will be the trend of development of our domestic commercial bank foreign banks to enter the environment. Strategic transformation of China's domestic banks mainly embodied in two aspects, one is the profit model will change. In the customer acquisition on the way, the traditional customer orientation will be gradually transformed into the whole supply chain customer oriented to rely on the core business; the profit model, the traditional deposit and lending interest rates as the main profit The source will gradually transition to the intermediate business and investment banking as the main source of profits; two is the development strategy of local banks will change in the ability of risk management and strengthening the comprehensive management capabilities continue to improve the background, the current domestic market competition is more intense, China's domestic banks will further increase international the pace, and in this process, obtain the creative assets will be an important theoretical basis for the internationalization of domestic banks.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F831.2;F832.3

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