發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-01 12:33

  本文選題：小額貸款　切入點(diǎn)：信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　出處：《長沙理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：小額貸款指專門向中低收入者提供小額度持續(xù)信貸服務(wù)活動(dòng)，并使他們獲得就業(yè)與自我發(fā)展的機(jī)會，實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的自我生存和發(fā)展。小額貸款早期是以扶貧為目的低息甚至是無息貸款，是人類普遍關(guān)注貧困人口發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的。最早形式的小額貸款出現(xiàn)在孟加拉國，以尤努斯博士創(chuàng)辦的鄉(xiāng)村銀行的“GB”模式為代表，成功地幫助大部分人解決貧窮問題，有一部分人甚至還走上了富裕的道路，起到了很好的示范作用。 我國小額貸款始于20世紀(jì)90年代，以福利性小額貸款進(jìn)行，其服務(wù)對象是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)收入低的農(nóng)民。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，福利性小額貸款已不能滿足人們需求，商業(yè)性小額貸款應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。我國小額貸款開展二十多年，其中隱藏著種種問題，最主要的是小額貸款面臨的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 本文著力于研究小額貸款信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，找出其存在原因及降低信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方法，并通過對現(xiàn)階段小額貸款內(nèi)外部經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境分析，提出優(yōu)化小額貸款環(huán)境的合理措施，為正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)與民間金融機(jī)構(gòu)政策制定及小額貸款開展提供可靠保障。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，采用分期還款的方式，可以降低小額貸款的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)還可拓寬金融機(jī)構(gòu)投資渠道，獲取利潤。文章基于馬科維茨均值方差模型的小額貸款是用期望收益率的波動(dòng)率來表示風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法，將不確定性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)量化，并討論風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資中最優(yōu)組合問題，可以分散信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)小額貸款可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 此外，小額貸款信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理要多角度著手。信貸機(jī)構(gòu)要積極建立客戶信用體系，掌握客戶信息，，對不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級別貸款采取利息區(qū)別對待。對于信貸者而言，要努力提升自身信用意識與自身素質(zhì)，以便增加收入。小額貸款信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理不能一蹴而就，是循序漸進(jìn)的過程。相信經(jīng)過多方面的努力，我們一定能夠?yàn)樾☆~貸款營造一個(gè)誠信的氛圍。
[Abstract]:Microcredit refers to the provision of small and continuous credit facilities specifically to low- and middle-income people and their access to employment and self-development opportunities. To achieve better self-survival and development. The early stage of microcredit was low interest or even interest-free loans for the purpose of poverty alleviation. It was the result of the widespread concern of mankind for the development of the poor. The earliest forms of microcredit emerged in Bangladesh. Represented by the GB model of Grameen Bank founded by Dr. Yunus, it has successfully helped most people solve the problem of poverty, and some people have even embarked on the road of wealth, which has played a good role in demonstrating. Microfinance in China began in the 1990s and was conducted by welfare micro-loans, which serve the low-income farmers in remote areas. With the development of the economy, the welfare micro-loans can no longer meet the needs of the people. Commercial microfinance emerged as the times require. In our country, there are many problems hidden in the development of microfinance, and the main problem is the credit risk faced by microfinance. This paper focuses on the study of the credit risk of small loans, finds out the reasons for its existence and the methods to reduce the credit risk, and through the analysis of the internal and external economic environment of small loans at this stage, puts forward some reasonable measures to optimize the environment of small loans. It provides a reliable guarantee for the policy formulation of formal financial institutions and private financial institutions and the development of small loans. Through research, it has been found that adopting the method of installment repayment can reduce the credit risk of small loans and at the same time broaden the investment channels of financial institutions. In this paper, based on Markowitz mean variance model, the risk is expressed by the volatility of the expected rate of return, and the uncertainty risk is quantified by the mathematical statistical method. The problem of optimal portfolio in venture capital can disperse credit risk and promote the sustainable development of small loans. In addition, microcredit credit risk management should be carried out from multiple angles. Credit institutions should actively establish customer credit systems, master customer information, and adopt different interest rates on loans of different risk levels. We should strive to improve our own credit consciousness and quality in order to increase our income. The credit risk management of small loans cannot be achieved overnight, it is a gradual and orderly process. I believe that through various efforts, We must be able to create a climate of integrity for small loans.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F224;F832.4

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