本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小微企業(yè) 融資困境 民間金融 融資擔(dān)保　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小型微型企業(yè)是非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分,目前中小企業(yè)占我國(guó)企業(yè)總戶數(shù)的99.7%。其中,小微企業(yè)占97.3%,廣泛分布于各行各業(yè)。發(fā)展小微企業(yè)有利于緩解就業(yè)壓力,有利于推動(dòng)科技創(chuàng)新。小微企業(yè)是許多大企業(yè)的孵化器,是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的生力軍。我國(guó)的小微企業(yè)雖然總體上發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)良好,但是融資難卻一直都是阻礙它們健康有序發(fā)展的障礙。 為了進(jìn)一步了解小微企業(yè)的融資現(xiàn)狀,本文以我國(guó)中西部小微企業(yè)作為研究對(duì)象,發(fā)現(xiàn)中西部的小微企業(yè)有半數(shù)以上是靠負(fù)債來經(jīng)營(yíng)的,向親戚朋友借款時(shí)它們的主要融資渠道,并且它們的融資主要是以抵押和擔(dān)保為主。 小微企業(yè)融資難的困境是由多方面的因素造成的,抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力弱,經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況不透明,部分小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力低下是小微企業(yè)融資難的內(nèi)因。小微企業(yè)稅費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)偏重、商業(yè)銀行注重抵押物和硬信息的偏好、民間金融沒有走上正規(guī)化的道路、融資擔(dān)保體系存在諸多問題、小微企業(yè)難以進(jìn)入資本市場(chǎng)參與直接融資等因素是小微企業(yè)融資難的外因。 雖然小微企業(yè)融資難這一問題長(zhǎng)久以來都懸而未決,但是各方都有在此問題上做出過努力和嘗試,本文主要以案例的形式從五個(gè)方面分析了目前各方為了解決小微企業(yè)融資難問題所做的嘗試,在銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)方面,以民生銀行的“商貸通”模式為例,在民間金融方面,以溫州的“民間借貸登記服務(wù)中心”為例,在政府方面,以稅費(fèi)改革為例,在資本市場(chǎng)方面,以“小微企業(yè)扶持債”為例,在小額貸款方面,以“阿里金融”為例。通過這樣的案例分析,使得本文在分析小微企業(yè)融資困境這一問題上更具有針對(duì)性和前瞻性。 本文在最后給出了幾點(diǎn)破解我國(guó)小微企業(yè)融資困境的建議：小微企業(yè)要加強(qiáng)自身建設(shè)；政府應(yīng)積極簡(jiǎn)化稅制、降低稅負(fù),為小微企業(yè)減負(fù)；設(shè)立針對(duì)中小微企業(yè)的政策性銀行,更有針對(duì)性地為小微企業(yè)提供融資服務(wù);商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)該加快產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新,為小微企業(yè)提供優(yōu)質(zhì)及時(shí)的信貸服務(wù)；規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)民間金融；建立有效的擔(dān)保資金補(bǔ)償機(jī)制和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制；加快推進(jìn)“新三板”的發(fā)展,為小微企業(yè)融資助力。希望這些建議有益于破解當(dāng)前小微企業(yè)融資困境。 由于筆者理論知識(shí)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的欠缺,文章中可能存在許多的錯(cuò)誤和疏漏之處,懇請(qǐng)各位讀者不吝賜教,先在此表示感謝!
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises are an important part of the non-public economy. At present, small and medium-sized enterprises account for 99.7% of the total number of enterprises in China, of which small and micro enterprises account for 97.3%. Widely distributed in various industries. The development of small and micro enterprises is conducive to ease the pressure on employment and promote scientific and technological innovation. Small and micro enterprises are the incubator of many large enterprises. Although the small and micro enterprises in our country are developing well on the whole, the difficulty of financing has always been the obstacle to their healthy and orderly development. In order to further understand the financing status of small and micro enterprises, this paper takes the small and micro enterprises in the central and western of China as the research object, and finds that more than half of the small and micro enterprises in the central and western regions are operated by debt. Borrowing from relatives and friends is their main financing channel, and their financing is mainly mortgage and guarantee. The difficulty of financing for small and micro enterprises is caused by many factors, the ability to resist risks is weak, and the operating situation is not transparent. The low innovation ability of some small and micro enterprises is the internal cause of the financing difficulty of the small and micro enterprises. The tax and fee burden of the small and micro enterprises is heavy, the commercial banks pay attention to the preference of mortgage and hard information, and the folk finance has not taken the way of formalization. There are many problems in the financing guarantee system. The external causes of the financing difficulties are that the small and micro enterprises are difficult to enter the capital market to participate in direct financing. Although the issue of financing difficulties for small and micro enterprises has been unresolved for a long time, all parties have made efforts and attempts on this issue. This paper mainly from five aspects of the case analysis of the current efforts to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, in the bank financial institutions, taking Minsheng Bank's "commercial lending" model as an example. In the area of private finance, take Wenzhou's "Private Lending Registration Service Center" as an example, the government as an example, the tax and fee reform as an example, the capital market as an example, "small and micro enterprise support debt" as an example, and small loans as an example. Taking "Ali Finance" as an example, through such case analysis, this paper is more targeted and forward-looking in analyzing the financing dilemma of small and micro enterprises. At the end of this paper, some suggestions to solve the financing dilemma of China's small and micro enterprises are given: small and micro enterprises should strengthen their own construction; The government should actively simplify the tax system, reduce the tax burden, and reduce the burden for small and micro enterprises; Establishing policy banks for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide more targeted financing services for small and medium-sized enterprises; Commercial banks should speed up product innovation and provide high-quality and timely credit services to small and micro enterprises; Standardizing and guiding folk finance; Establishing effective guarantee fund compensation mechanism and risk transfer mechanism; Accelerate the development of the "new three boards" to help finance small and micro enterprises. I hope these suggestions will help solve the current financing dilemma of small and micro enterprises. Due to the lack of the author's theoretical knowledge and practical experience, there may be many mistakes and omissions in the article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F276.3;F832.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 蔡水花;;小微大計(jì):商業(yè)銀行小微信貸服務(wù)之道[J];福建金融;2012年10期

2 謝園;;民生銀行 發(fā)揮“小微”的長(zhǎng)尾效應(yīng)[J];成功營(yíng)銷;2010年12期

3 劉晶晶;中日中小企業(yè)融資環(huán)境比較及借鑒[J];合作經(jīng)濟(jì)與科技;2005年15期

4 全國(guó)工商聯(lián)課題組;陳永杰;;把解決企業(yè)融資問題的政策著力點(diǎn)放在小型企業(yè)上——中小企業(yè)融資問題調(diào)查報(bào)告[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)理論與經(jīng)濟(jì)管理;2010年04期

5 趙國(guó)忻;;國(guó)外中小企業(yè)政策支持效果研究評(píng)述[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家;2007年02期

6 張杰;民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的金融困境與融資次序[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2000年04期

7 林毅夫,李永軍;中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展與中小企業(yè)融資[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2001年01期

8 林毅夫,孫希芳;信息、非正規(guī)金融與中小企業(yè)融資[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2005年07期

9 崔祥民;梅強(qiáng);;基于就業(yè)視角的中小企業(yè)政府扶持體系[J];科技進(jìn)步與對(duì)策;2011年01期

10 張繼英;李小花;盧文娟;;淺議小微企業(yè)的稅費(fèi)政策[J];財(cái)會(huì)研究;2012年17期

，

本文編號(hào)：1459155