本文關(guān)鍵詞：論中國中小企業(yè)融資體系的建設(shè)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 中小企業(yè) 融資 融資體系 金融創(chuàng)新

【摘要】：自我國實行改革開放國策以來，我國的中小企業(yè)有了長足的發(fā)展。然而，目前我國廣大中小企業(yè)所擁有的金融資源與其在國民經(jīng)濟中的地位作用卻不匹配，中小企業(yè)對我國的國民經(jīng)濟貢獻很大，但受金融環(huán)境的影響，發(fā)展得并不理想，在信貸融資方面與國有大型企業(yè)相比，明顯居于劣勢地位。中小企業(yè)的融資難問題已成為制約其發(fā)展的瓶頸。 中小企業(yè)融資難的問題，從成因上看，主要是政府在金融政策制訂的思路上還不夠廣闊，對中小企業(yè)的身份認(rèn)同上還存在著與大中型國企迥然不同的“雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，還有著“國進民退”的思維慣性。并且，因為中小企業(yè)自身規(guī)模較小，存在信用觀念缺失，與商業(yè)銀行的信息不對稱，缺乏現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理制度理念等狀況，以及中小企業(yè)融資渠道狹窄和銀行的“惜貸”，都成為中小企業(yè)融資難的原因。 構(gòu)建適合中小企業(yè)的融資體系，要通過擴大中小企業(yè)的直接融資渠道和間接融資渠道，優(yōu)化企業(yè)內(nèi)部融資環(huán)境，以及強化證券、債券等資本市場對于中小企業(yè)融資的作用來實現(xiàn)。制定適合中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的商業(yè)銀行貸款審核制度，貸款審核既是對商業(yè)銀行負責(zé)，也是對企業(yè)負責(zé)。商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)確定按照市場化運作的原則，遵循覆蓋風(fēng)險和成本、收益匹配的規(guī)則，靈活制訂中小企業(yè)貸款的政策、把握好經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的節(jié)奏，是破解中小企業(yè)融資難的關(guān)鍵。同時還要加強企業(yè)自身信用建設(shè)，加強企業(yè)財務(wù)信息的準(zhǔn)確性，合理用資金，提高管理者和企業(yè)工作人員的整體素質(zhì)。融資渠道暢通了，企業(yè)的發(fā)展自然蒸蒸日上。 還需要建立和健全市場經(jīng)濟的金融法規(guī)、創(chuàng)新和完善當(dāng)前的融資制度，來解決目前中小企業(yè)的融資難的問題。通過推動政府支持中小企業(yè)融資的政策創(chuàng)新，改進商業(yè)銀行對中小企業(yè)的融資服務(wù)，，實行權(quán)力下行增加基層商業(yè)銀行的權(quán)限，增加商業(yè)銀行的授權(quán)、授信額度，是改善中小企業(yè)融資難局面勢在必行的舉措；提升信貸人員能力并建立完善科學(xué)的考評機制，選拔有能力勝任中小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)的信貸人員。使政府進行政策創(chuàng)新和商業(yè)銀行的服務(wù)改革，才是解決中小企業(yè)融資難問題的重中之重。 中小企業(yè)融資問題既是經(jīng)濟問題，也是民生問題，這一問題的形成既有多數(shù)中小企業(yè)自身管理經(jīng)營能力不足的主觀因素，也有國內(nèi)金融政策相對滯后的客觀因素，要充分認(rèn)識到中小企業(yè)融資難問題的重要性，由此形成的經(jīng)濟下行的風(fēng)險、不穩(wěn)定因素、會破壞社會主義市場經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，解決中小企業(yè)融資難問題刻不容緩。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the national policy of reform and opening up, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have made great progress. However, at present, the financial resources owned by the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country do not match their role in the national economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises contribute a lot to the national economy of our country, but under the influence of the financial environment, the development is not ideal, compared with the large state-owned enterprises in the aspect of credit financing. The financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises has become the bottleneck restricting its development. The problem of financing difficulty for small and medium-sized enterprises, from the cause of formation, mainly the government in the formulation of financial policy thinking is not broad enough. On the identity of small and medium-sized enterprises, there is a "double standard" which is quite different from that of the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and there is also the inertia of thinking of "the country entering and retreating from the people", and because of the small scale of the small and medium-sized enterprises. There exist the lack of credit concept, the asymmetry of information with commercial banks, the lack of modern enterprise management system, and the narrow financing channels of small and medium-sized enterprises and the "reluctance to lend" by banks. All become the reason of financing difficulty of medium and small enterprises. To build a financing system suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, we should expand the direct and indirect financing channels of SMEs, optimize the internal financing environment of enterprises, and strengthen securities. The role of the capital market such as bonds to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve. The development of the development of small and medium-sized commercial bank loan audit system, loan audit is responsible for commercial banks. Commercial banks should follow the principle of market-oriented operation, follow the rules of covering risk, cost and income matching, flexibly formulate the policy of small and medium-sized enterprises loans, and grasp the rhythm of economic development. It is the key to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, we should strengthen the credit construction of enterprises, enhance the accuracy of financial information, and use funds reasonably. Improve the overall quality of managers and enterprise staff. It is also necessary to establish and perfect the financial laws and regulations of the market economy, to innovate and perfect the current financing system, to solve the problem of the financing difficulties of the small and medium-sized enterprises at present, and to promote the policy innovation of the government to support the financing of the small and medium-sized enterprises. It is imperative to improve the financing service of small and medium-sized enterprises by commercial banks, to increase the authority of grass-roots commercial banks, to increase the authorization and credit quota of commercial banks, to improve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. To improve the ability of credit personnel and establish and improve the scientific evaluation mechanism, select credit personnel who are competent for the loan business of small and medium-sized enterprises, and enable the government to carry out policy innovation and service reform of commercial banks. It is the most important to solve the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises. The financing problem of SMEs is not only an economic problem, but also a livelihood issue. The formation of this problem has the subjective factors of insufficient management and management ability of most SMEs themselves. There are also the objective factors that domestic financial policy is relatively lagging. We should fully realize the importance of the financing difficulties of SMEs, and the economic downside risks and unstable factors. Will destroy the socialist market economy structure, solves the small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficulty question urgently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.4;F276.3;F275

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