本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國商業(yè)銀行區(qū)域信貸配給研究　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：信貸配給是商業(yè)銀行信貸投放過程的一種常態(tài)，表現(xiàn)為借款者的信貸資金需求不能全部被滿足。古典經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認(rèn)為信貸配給僅是因受到外部沖擊或監(jiān)管部門管制時的出現(xiàn)的暫時現(xiàn)象，而新凱恩斯主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認(rèn)為當(dāng)信貸市場均衡時仍會發(fā)生信貸需求未能出清的現(xiàn)象�，F(xiàn)在，經(jīng)濟學(xué)者幾乎已經(jīng)達(dá)成一致：信貸配給是一種長期均衡的現(xiàn)象。 目前，全球依然處于經(jīng)濟金融化、經(jīng)濟全球化和金融全球化持續(xù)發(fā)展的階段，且融資方式仍然是以銀行業(yè)信貸投放的間接融資方式為主，但隨著中國金融體系不斷完善健全，以資本市場的債券、股票為主的直接融資比例逐步上升，將會發(fā)生直接融資逆轉(zhuǎn)的情況。2009年，為應(yīng)對美國次貸金融危機，中國推出4萬億的政府投資計劃，因此政府加大了對商業(yè)銀行信貸投放規(guī)模的直接干預(yù)，導(dǎo)致2009年出現(xiàn)“天量放貸”的狀況。這項政策的實施雖然在一定程度上減輕了世界經(jīng)濟危機對中國經(jīng)濟的沖擊，但是信貸資金向國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和各級地區(qū)大型項目等的集中投放，加劇了我國信貸資源向政府主導(dǎo)項目、國家控股企業(yè)的大量聚集，導(dǎo)致了中小企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)面臨融資困難的窘境，致使我國信貸市場處于典型的政府干預(yù)下的非均衡信貸配給狀態(tài)，且具有逐步加深的趨勢。 在此基礎(chǔ)上，國家東、中、西及東北地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的推行、利率市場化的啟動、巴塞爾Ⅲ協(xié)議的分階段實施、影子銀行規(guī)模的迅速成長、貨幣政策中介目標(biāo)的轉(zhuǎn)換，使筆者認(rèn)為有必要理清我國金融體制改革的方向，為商業(yè)銀行可持續(xù)經(jīng)營提出合理性意見和建議。因此，筆者立足于中國信貸市場，對處于不同經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平區(qū)域中的商業(yè)銀行信貸配給進行實證研究，分析得出影響商業(yè)銀行信貸配給程度差異的影響因素，以此為商業(yè)銀行提出合理的信貸配給實施意見，，指導(dǎo)我國商業(yè)銀行在不同區(qū)域信貸市場中合理分配信貸資源，同當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，以此提高中國商業(yè)銀行的綜合競爭力。 本文首先闡述了信貸配給現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟背景，界定了信貸配給的核心概念，并對整篇文章的邏輯脈絡(luò)進行了梳理，與此同時，筆者結(jié)合長期在大型商業(yè)銀行信貸管理部門的實際工作經(jīng)驗，以及平日在信貸工作中對信貸配給的思考，制定出整篇文章的技術(shù)路線圖，并提出本文預(yù)期的理論創(chuàng)新和可能存在的不足之處。第二章文獻綜述通過對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展理論、金融發(fā)展理論、信貸配給理論的闡述，結(jié)合眾多學(xué)者對信貸配給與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展關(guān)系的研究結(jié)論，筆者從金融正、負(fù)功能的影響出發(fā)，對信貸配給的形成機制進行初步探究。第三章重點對中國商業(yè)銀行區(qū)域信貸配給的現(xiàn)狀進行了綜合的分析。在對中國不同時期東部、中部、西部、東北等四大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展等情況差異化分析的基礎(chǔ)上，以十六家上市商業(yè)銀行為研究對象，對中國銀行業(yè)的信貸配給狀況進行統(tǒng)計分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，第四章歸納出影響中國商業(yè)銀行信貸配給程度的四大影響因素，即國家政策影響因素、市場結(jié)構(gòu)影響因素、銀行業(yè)自身經(jīng)營和非銀行金融機構(gòu)等。第五章以商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營特殊性為切入點，結(jié)合利率市場化改革、巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ、影子銀行等金融改革因素，通過建立相應(yīng)數(shù)理模型，來研究利率市場管制與放開情況下及巴塞爾協(xié)議實施后的中國商業(yè)銀行信貸配給機制。最后一章以金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)理念，基于上述章節(jié)的研究結(jié)果，為中國商業(yè)銀行區(qū)域信貸配給政策的制定和實施提出意見和建議，最后，本文為中國商業(yè)銀行與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展構(gòu)建出政策建議框架。 本文的創(chuàng)新點主要有：一是基于對中國上市商業(yè)銀行信貸配給現(xiàn)狀的分析，歸納出影響中國商業(yè)銀行區(qū)域信貸配給產(chǎn)生的主要因素，并對各因素進行綜合解析；二是通過構(gòu)建數(shù)理模型，論證在利率市場化、巴塞爾Ⅲ協(xié)議實施后的信貸配給程度變化方向，尤其是在政府對信貸配給實施干預(yù)的情況下，商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)該如何協(xié)調(diào)與地方政府的關(guān)系，使其更具競爭力；三是利用銀行統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，分別對一家大型商業(yè)銀行和一家中型商業(yè)銀行東、中、西、東部等四大區(qū)域的信貸配給程度及發(fā)展趨勢進行實證分析，并得出相應(yīng)結(jié)論。 雖然本文力爭對中國商業(yè)銀行信貸配給的產(chǎn)生機理、影響因素、機制構(gòu)建等方面進行較全面、較深入的研究，但由于有限的數(shù)據(jù)資料和研究時間，本文仍存在以下幾點不足，待續(xù)完善：一是缺乏對于國外先進同業(yè)的利率市場化環(huán)境下的客戶群體分析，缺少可以借鑒的樣本；二是對于巴塞爾協(xié)議對于商業(yè)銀行的全流程運營產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響還沒有分析到位；三是本文的實證分析樣本量選取不足。
[Abstract]:Credit rationing is a normal commercial bank credit process, performance for the borrower's credit demand cannot be met. All the classical economists believed that credit rationing is only due to a temporary phenomenon by external shocks or regulatory control of the new Keynes economists think there will be a demand for credit is still not clear when the credit market equilibrium. Now, the economic scholars have agreed: credit rationing is a long-term phenomenon.
At present, the global economy is still in the financial, economic and financial globalization and sustainable development stage, and the financing is still dominated by indirect financing of banking credit, but with the Chinese financial system constantly improve, in the capital market bonds, direct financing proportion of equities to rise gradually, will direct financing reversal the.2009, as a response to the subprime crisis, the government launched the Chinese investment plan of 4 trillion, so the government has increased the direct intervention on the scale of commercial bank credit, in 2009 "the amount of lending". The implementation of this policy although to some extent alleviated the impact of the economic crisis on the world economy China however, credit funds to the national infrastructure and regional levels of large project devoted, exacerbated the credit resources in our country to the government Leading projects and large number of state holding enterprises have led to small and medium-sized enterprises and township enterprises facing difficulties in financing difficulties, which results in the unbalanced credit rationing situation of Chinese credit market under typical government intervention, and has a trend of gradual deepening.
On this basis, the national strategic planning, East, West and northeast regions of the implementation of the interest rate market started, Basel III stages of the implementation of the agreement, the rapid growth in the size of the shadow banking, the conversion of intermediate target of monetary policy, so I think it is necessary to clarify China's financial system reform, put forward reasonable suggestions and suggestions for the sustainable management of commercial banks. Therefore, the author based on the Chinese credit market in the area of different levels of economic development in the commercial bank credit rationing of empirical research, analysis of factors that affect the degree of commercial bank credit rationing difference, as commercial banks raised credit rationing reasonable opinions, guide commercial banks in China the rational allocation of credit resources in different regions in the credit market, with the coordinated development of the local economy, in order to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial bank China.
This paper first describes the economic background of the credit rationing phenomenon, defines the core concepts of credit rationing, and the whole article on the logical context and at the same time, the author combined with the term in the credit management department of large commercial banks in the actual work experience, and work on weekdays in the credit rationing of credit, make the whole article the technology roadmap, and put forward the theoretical innovation of this article is expected and possible shortcomings. The second chapter is the literature review based on the theory of regional economic development, financial development theory, credit rationing theory elaboration, combined with the result of research on the relationship between credit rationing and regional economic development of many scholars, the author from the financial impact of positive and negative the formation mechanism of credit rationing of a preliminary inquiry. The third chapter focuses on the comprehensive status of regional credit rationing of commercial banks China The analysis of Chinese. In the eastern, Central West, Northeast China in different periods, such as the four regional economic development level, industrial structure, urban and rural development based on the analysis of the situation of poor dissimilation, sixteen listed commercial banks as the research object, credit rationing of China banking were analyzed. On this basis, the fourth chapter summarized the influence of the four factors of commercial bank credit rationing China, the factors of the impact of national policies, the influence factors of market structure, the banking industry's own business and non bank financial institutions. In the fifth chapter of the commercial bank business as the starting point, combined with the market-oriented interest rate reform, Basel III, shadow banks and other financial reform factors, through the establishment of the corresponding mathematical model to study the interest rate market and the opening situation and Basel after the implementation of the commercial bank credit rationing mechanism. Finally Chinese A chapter on financial sustainable development as the guiding idea, the research results based on the development of commercial banks, as China regional credit rationing policy and put forward opinions and suggestions, finally, this paper constructed the framework for policy recommendations of sustainable development of commercial banks China and regional economy.
The main innovations of this paper are: one is the situation analysis of listed commercial bank credit rationing based on China, summed up the main factors that influence the commercial bank Chinese regional credit rationing is generated, and a comprehensive analysis of various factors; the two is through the construction of mathematical model, demonstrated in the interest rate market, the implementation of Basel III agreement the extent of credit rationing after the change of direction, especially in the case of credit rationing intervention, commercial banks should be how to coordinate the relationship with local government and make it more competitive; three is the use of statistical data bank, respectively, of a large commercial bank and a medium-sized commercial bank in the East, West, empirical analysis of the extent of credit rationing and the trend of the development of the eastern and the four regions, and the corresponding results are obtained.
Although this article try to influence factors of commercial bank China credit rationing mechanism, mechanism construction of a more comprehensive, more in-depth research, but due to the limited data and research time, still exist the following problems, this paper to be perfect: one is lack of analysis for the interest rate market under the environment of foreign advanced industry customer groups, the lack of a reference sample; two is for the far-reaching influence of the Basel agreement for the whole process of commercial bank operation analysis is not in place; the three is the empirical analysis of sample selection problem.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.4

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