【摘要】：哈薩克斯坦國(guó)土遼闊、自然資源豐富,尤其是石油資源,被譽(yù)為“第二個(gè)中東”,是中亞五國(guó)中經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力最強(qiáng),最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ膰?guó)家。綜合實(shí)力在前蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期加盟國(guó)中排列第三,僅次于俄羅斯和烏克蘭。哈薩克斯坦的制造業(yè)是在前蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期發(fā)展起來的,在蘇聯(lián)衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的時(shí)期里蘇聯(lián)中部地區(qū)的部分制造業(yè)搬遷至哈薩克斯坦帶動(dòng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。50年代,哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展而形成。80年代哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)各部門產(chǎn)品相對(duì)豐富,但蘇聯(lián)長(zhǎng)期的行政命令體制阻礙了制造業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展與全蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)一道,哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)在80年代發(fā)展停滯不前。受前蘇聯(lián)推行的“勞動(dòng)分工”政策影響,哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展緩慢。獨(dú)立后,哈薩克斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),對(duì)外貿(mào)易,引進(jìn)外資,就業(yè)和居民人均收入等方面取得了較好的成就。目前,哈薩克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展主要依靠能源的出口,但是,這種產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的單一,造成產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不均衡,特別是,制造業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的比重和貢獻(xiàn)較低,因此,哈薩克斯坦政府先后提出“加速工業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展國(guó)家綱要”,“光明之路”新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃,“哈薩克斯坦-2030”戰(zhàn)略和哈薩克斯坦-2050”戰(zhàn)略,其主要目標(biāo)和核心內(nèi)容針對(duì)發(fā)展哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)的。本文在上述背景和研究思路下研究哈國(guó)制造業(yè)發(fā)展。首先、從制造業(yè)相關(guān)理論和哈國(guó)戰(zhàn)略政策出發(fā),通過錢納里標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化模式和霍夫曼系數(shù)來評(píng)價(jià)哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)發(fā)展水平。根據(jù)錢納里的工業(yè)化發(fā)展階段標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)合歷年來哈薩克斯坦的人均GDP來判斷,判斷結(jié)果為哈國(guó)處于工業(yè)化高級(jí)階段。其次,對(duì)哈國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了闡述,制造業(yè)占工業(yè)比重不高,哈國(guó)制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)中重型工業(yè)領(lǐng)域占主導(dǎo)地位,制造業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不調(diào)整,發(fā)現(xiàn)制造業(yè)集聚現(xiàn)象。再次、通過產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚指標(biāo)的測(cè)度分析了哈國(guó)制造業(yè)集聚程度。運(yùn)用區(qū)位熵指數(shù)分析哈國(guó)16個(gè)地區(qū)的空間格局,經(jīng)過數(shù)據(jù)處理后出現(xiàn)哈國(guó)10個(gè)地區(qū)專業(yè)化水平高于全國(guó)水平,制造業(yè)集聚度十分明顯,五個(gè)地區(qū)的集聚度劣勢(shì)。運(yùn)用基尼系數(shù)分析行業(yè)的空間格局是否平衡,經(jīng)過計(jì)算后出現(xiàn)哈國(guó)制造業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)空間格局不均衡,煙草制品業(yè)和焦炭和精煉石油產(chǎn)品制造空間格局上出現(xiàn)高度集聚現(xiàn)象,造紙及紙制品業(yè)等11個(gè)制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域分散集聚。最終、運(yùn)用計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法,分析了哈薩克斯坦制造業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響。經(jīng)過建立回歸模型,分析制造業(yè)對(duì)GDP、就業(yè)、對(duì)外貿(mào)的影響,結(jié)果為制造業(yè)能促進(jìn)GDP、就業(yè)、對(duì)外貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:Kazakhstan is a country with a vast territory and rich natural resources, especially petroleum resources, and is known as the "Second Middle East", and is one of the most powerful and developing countries in the five Central Asian countries. The comprehensive strength ranked third among the former Soviet Union countries, second only to Russia and Ukraine. The manufacturing of Kazakhstan was developed in the period of the former Soviet Union, and part of the manufacturing industry in the central part of the Soviet Union moved to Kazakhstan to drive the development of the local economy during the war of the Soviet Union and the end of the Second World War. With the development of agriculture, the manufacturing industry of Kazakhstan is relatively rich in the 1980s, but the long-term executive order system of the Soviet Union has hindered the further development of the manufacturing industry with the whole-Soviet economy, and the development of Kazakhstan's manufacturing industry has stagnated in the 1980s. The "division of labor" policy of the former Soviet Union has influenced the development of the manufacturing structure of Kazakhstan. After independence, Kazakhstan's economic growth, foreign trade, the introduction of foreign capital, employment and the per capita income of the population have made good achievements. At present, the economic development of Kazakhstan mainly depends on the export of energy. However, the single structure of this kind of industrial structure leads to the imbalance of the industrial structure, in particular, the specific gravity and contribution of the manufacturing industry in the economic development is relatively low. Therefore, the government of Kazakhstan has put forward the "National Platform for Accelerating the Development of Industrial Innovation" successively, The new economic plan, the Kazakhstan-2030 "strategy and the Kazakhstan-2050" strategy, the main objectives and the core content of which are aimed at the development of the manufacturing industry in Kazakhstan. This paper studies the development of the country's manufacturing industry under the above-mentioned background and research ideas. First, in that light of the industry-related theory and the state-of-the-nation strategic policy, the development level of Kazakhstan's manufacturing industry is evaluated through the standard model of the money and the huffman factor. according to the standard of the industrial development stage in channa, the per capita GDP of kazakhstan has been determined in the past year, The result of judgment is that the country is in the advanced stage of industrialization. Secondly, the present situation of the manufacturing structure of the country is described, the manufacturing industry is not high, the heavy-duty industrial field in the manufacturing structure of the country is dominant, the manufacturing structure is not adjusted, and the manufacturing agglomeration phenomenon is found. By means of the measure of the industrial agglomeration index, the paper analyzes the spatial pattern of the 16 regions of the country by means of the location entropy index. After the data processing, the specialization level of the 10 regions of the country is higher than that of the whole country, and the concentration of the manufacturing industry is very obvious. The spatial pattern of the industry is balanced by using the Gini coefficient. After the calculation, the spatial pattern of the internal structure of the manufacturing industry of the country is not balanced, and a high degree of aggregation occurs in the manufacturing space pattern of the tobacco production industry and the coke and the refined petroleum products. In the end, the influence of manufacturing industry on the growth of economy is analyzed by means of econometric analysis method, and the influence of manufacturing industry on GDP, employment and foreign trade is analyzed through the establishment of regression model. The result is that manufacturing can promote the growth of GDP, employment and foreign trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F427

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