本文選題：寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：宗教法人　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的寺廟不得不與其他法人、公民發(fā)生越來越多的社會(huì)關(guān)系,與此同時(shí)各種糾紛也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。在眾多社會(huì)關(guān)系中,財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系與經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系聯(lián)系最緊密,也是其他社會(huì)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系作為其中一種是應(yīng)該被重視的。本文伊始就提出我國寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)歸屬存在的問題,從問題出發(fā)尋找造成問題的原因,進(jìn)而解決問題。本文將重點(diǎn)分析現(xiàn)實(shí)中的實(shí)例,在審視判例的同時(shí)分析其中涉及的寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)問題。研究這些對(duì)于解決寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)出現(xiàn)的問題具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文除導(dǎo)論和結(jié)語共計(jì)四部分。 第一部分我國寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)歸屬面臨的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。結(jié)合我國的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,我國寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)面臨著雙重問題。理論上寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)的歸屬不明確,法律沒有明確規(guī)定,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)多個(gè)主體同時(shí)要求權(quán)利的情況；我國宗教組織法人化的道路并不順利。立法不明確,學(xué)術(shù)界的意見不統(tǒng)一,大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)同財(cái)團(tuán)法人是我國宗教組織的定位。但筆者認(rèn)為這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)值得商榷�，F(xiàn)實(shí)中寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn),為寺廟的生存和發(fā)展,利用寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行營利活動(dòng)是不可避免的,這無疑和寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)神圣的宗教性發(fā)生矛盾；以及現(xiàn)實(shí)中政府出資建寺廟造成這部分建筑產(chǎn)權(quán)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議。 第二部分寺廟的財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)歸屬相關(guān)案例的實(shí)證分析。從典型的案例入手,分析幾種典型問題：繼承糾紛、所有權(quán)糾紛、侵權(quán)、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛等等,找出每類案件的爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)。在分析案例的同時(shí),審視案件處理結(jié)果,筆者認(rèn)為僧侶的個(gè)人收入應(yīng)予以肯定,認(rèn)為僧侶個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)可繼承；并且處理寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)糾紛的時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意分類處理。 第三部分探究導(dǎo)致我國寺廟所有權(quán)糾紛的原因。主要原因有三個(gè),首先對(duì)與寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)沒有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),更不用說厘清每一類寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)的歸屬。其次政策因素造成現(xiàn)實(shí)中糾紛不斷,在我國這是有一定歷史原因的。但是造成寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)糾紛的根源是寺廟的主體地位模糊。 第四部分我國現(xiàn)行的關(guān)于寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)的立法分析,提出立法意見。這部分著重探討我國寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)相關(guān)法律具體規(guī)定,整體上我國已經(jīng)形成了較系統(tǒng)的立法體系。將寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)劃入民法領(lǐng)域是我國立法的一大進(jìn)步。但是關(guān)于寺廟參與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的規(guī)制卻很少。其中最為重要的是關(guān)于寺廟的主體地位的立法缺失,這也是后文分析的重點(diǎn)；要解決我國寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)的歸屬問題,核心就是明確寺廟的法律地位。我國學(xué)術(shù)界普遍認(rèn)為寺廟應(yīng)該定位成財(cái)團(tuán)法人,較之社會(huì)、集體、國家等主體享有寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán),適用財(cái)團(tuán)法人制度更合理更有利于解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。與此同時(shí),國外的學(xué)者更傾向于宗教法人制度,由于宗教法人的自身的特殊性,較之財(cái)團(tuán)法人,宗教法人更適合我國寺廟。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)之處在于：1、對(duì)我國現(xiàn)行司法實(shí)踐中的寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)糾紛進(jìn)行類案的總結(jié)與分析；2、檢視我國的立法司法現(xiàn)狀,分析我國關(guān)于寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)的法律法規(guī),并提出立法建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society, the reality of life in the temple and to other corporations, more and more citizens of social relations, at the same time all kinds of disputes have emerged. In many social relationships, the most close property relations and economic relations, and also is the foundation of other social relations. The temple property relations as one should be emphasized at the beginning. This paper proposed the existence of Chinese temple property ownership issues, starting from the problem to find the cause of the problem, and to solve the problem. This paper will focus on the analysis of examples in reality, in the temple property problems involved at the case study analysis. These have practical significance for solving the temple property problems.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper consists of four parts.
The first part of our country facing the temple's property ownership theory and practical problems. Combined with the reality of our country, our country is faced with double temple property problem. The theory of the temple property ownership is not clear, there is no explicit legal provisions, often appear more subjects with a required condition; religious organization legal person of our country road is not smooth. The legislation is not clear, the academic opinions are not unified, most scholars foundation is the orientation of our religious organization. But the author thinks that this viewpoint is worth discussing. Temple property in reality are facing new challenges, for the survival and development of the temple, the temple property for profit-making activities is inevitable, this is undoubtedly the sacred temple property and contradiction of religion; in reality, the government funded construction of the temple dispute caused by this part of the building property.
An empirical analysis of the ownership of the property related cases. The second part of the temple starting from the typical case, analysis of several typical problems: inheritance disputes, ownership disputes, tort, intellectual property disputes and so on, to find out the focus of controversy of each case. In the case analysis at the same time, look at the outcome of the case, the author thinks that the monks of the personal income should be sure, that the monks should pay attention to personal property inheritance; classification and treatment of temple property ownership disputes.
The third part explores the causes of temple ownership disputes in our country. There are three main reasons, first of all to no clear understanding and not to mention the temple property, clarify each kind of temple property ownership. Secondly the policy factors in the reality disputes in our country, there are some historical reasons for this. But the origin of temple property the dispute is caused by the dominant position of the temple is fuzzy.
The fourth part is the analysis of China's current legislation about temple property, put forward the legislative advice. This part focuses on the specific provisions of our laws on the whole temple property, China has formed a legal system systematically. The temple property included in civil law is a great progress in the legislation of our country. But there are few regulations on the temple to participate in the economic activities. The most important is the lack of legislation on the status of the main temple, which focuses on the analysis of the text is after; to solve the problem of temple property ownership of China's ownership, is the core of clear Temple law status in China. The academic circles think that the temple should be positioned juridicalperson, compared to the society the state, collective, and other subjects have the temple property ownership, applicable legal system more reasonable and more conducive to solve practical problems. At the same time, foreign scholars tend to religious law The human system is more suitable for the temple of our country because of the special nature of the religious legal person and the legal person of the consortium.
The innovation points of this paper are: 1, summarizing and analyzing the disputes in the current judicial practice of the temple property ownership disputes; 2, reviewing the current situation of legislation and judicature in China, analyzing the laws and regulations of temple property in China, and putting forward legislative proposals.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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